Download Soil Study Guide

Soil Study Guide
Clay
Moist slippery earth usually red in color. Clay is often found in
Georgia. Plants do not generally grow well in clay.
Erosion
The carrying away of soil and weathered materials through wind,
water, or other causes.
Humus
A material that was once living or was formed by living things.
Loam
A kind of soil that contains clay, sand, silt, and humus. Plants grow well
in loam.
Minerals
A naturally occurring substance, neither plant nor animal.
Silt
Dry, dusty soil.
Soil
A mixture of tiny rock particles, minerals, and decayed plant and
animal materials
Subsoil
The layer of soil located below the topsoil. It has bigger, lighter
colored soil and lacks humus. Subsoil does hold water and some
minerals.
Topsoil
The top layer of soil. It is made of very small, dark particles and has a
lot of humus and minerals. Topsoil holds a lot of water.
Weathering
The process that causes rocks to crumble, crack, and break.
Students should be able to identify the 3 different layers of soil.
Students should be able to identify regions of Georgia that contain the various
types of soil.
Students should be able to identify the characteristics of clay, loam, and soil. (See below)
Clay
Soil type
Texture
Smooth and powdery
Red
Color
Grain size
Smallest particle size
Loam/potting soil
Soft and clumpy
Dark brown or black
Medium size particles
Sand
Rough and gritty
Varies in color across
the world
Largest particle size
Holding water
Does not let water pass
through easily
Holds water well. Best
for growing plants
Lets water pass
through easily