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Topic 1: Chemistry of Living Things
1. Some processes that occur in a cell are listed
below.1 utilize energy
2 detect changes in the environment
3 rearrange and synthesize chemical
compounds
4. The diagram below represents a sequence of
events that occurs in the human body
throughout the day.
Which of these processes will all living
organisms use to maintain homeostasis?
(1) A and B, only
(2) B and C, only
(3) C and A, only
(4) A, B, and C
2. Sweating is a process that helps cool the body
during strenuous exercise. This is an example
of
These events can best be described as an
example of
(1) recycling of gases
(1) an energy cycle
(2) cellular respiration
(2) recycling of inorganic materials
(3) gene malfunction
(3) a feedback mechanism
(4) maintaining homeostasis
(4) a learned behavior
3. The graph below shows changes in the level of
glucose in the blood of a person over a period
of time.
5. Homeostasis is maintained in a single-celled
organism by the interaction of
(1) organs
(2) systems
(3) tissues
(4) organelles
6. The disease known as malaria may result in a
fever, a decrease in red blood cells, and an
enlarged liver and spleen. These symptoms are
evidence of
(1) a disruption of homeostasis
(2) a decrease in allergic reactions
(3) an increased number of cell organelles
The graph represents the
(1) maintenance of dynamic equilibrium
(2) failure of homeostasis
(4) hormone destruction
7. As a result of their metabolic activities, many
organisms produce harmful substances. These
substances are eliminated by the process of
(3) reaction of white blood cells to a pathogen
(1) ingestion
(2) secretion
(4) oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
(3) pinocytosis
(4) excretion
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Topic 1: Chemistry of Living Things
8. The ability to grow in size is a characteristic of
living organisms. Although an icicle may grow
in size over time, it is considered nonliving
because there is
12. The cytoplasm in a single-celled organism and
the circulatory system in a human both
(1) break down molecules into smaller
components
(1) an increase in matter, but no increase in
the number of icicles
(2) release energy to be used by the
organism
(2) an interaction between the icicle and the
environment
(3) transport substances throughout the
(3) no way for the icicle to move away from
heat
(4) distribute blood to all of the parts of the
organism
(4) no metabolic activity present
9. Nutrition involves those activities by which
organisms
organism
13. Two organisms are represented below, an
amoeba and a hummingbird.
(1) synthesize large molecules from smaller
molecules
(2) obtain and process materials needed for
other activities
(3) exchange gases with their environment
(4) absorb and circulate materials
10.Which of the following organelles carry out
cellular respiration and photosynthesis,
respectively.
Which statement concerning organism A and
organism B is correct?
(1) Organism A contains cells while
organism B lacks cells.
(1) Mitochondria and chloroplasts,
(2) Organism A and organism B have the
same organs.
(2) Nucleus and chloroplasts, respectively
(3) Organism A and organism B have
respectively
(3) The cell membrane and mitochondria,
respectively
(4) The cell membrane and the nucleus
11. Which row in the chart below contains correct
information concerning synthesis?
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
structures that allow them to maintain
homeostasis.
(4) Organism A lacks structures that
maintain homeostasis, while organism B
has these structures.
14. Most of the chemical reactions occurring in a
living cell depend on the presence of an
inorganic compound known as
(1) glycerol
(2) glycogen
(3) maltose
(4) water
(4) 4
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Topic 1: Chemistry of Living Things
15. The list below includes three organ systems
that are directly used when a human runs.
17. The diagram below represents a biological
process
circulatory system
muscular system
skeletal system
Which set of molecules is best represented by
letters A and B?
Which system should also be included in the
list?
(1) A: oxygen and water
B: glucose
(1) immune system
(2) A: glucose
B: carbon dioxide and water
(2) reproductive system
(3) digestive system
(3) A: carbon dioxide and water
B: glucose
(4) nervous system
16. Rabbits have evolved strategies that get them
through periods of time when there is little
food. The diagram below represents essential
life functions that rabbits need to perform.
(4) A: glucose
B: oxygen and water
18. Which term best defines a bacteria that can
survive without oxygen?
(1) aerobic
(2) anaerobic
(3) heterotrophic
(4) saprophytic
19. The action of decomposers in the nitrogen
cycle most directly aids in the
(1) synthesis of proteins from nitrates
(2) removal of nitrogen compounds from the
atmosphere
(3) restoration of nitrogen compounds to the
soil
(4) fixation of atmospheric nitrogen
Which life function in the diagram could be
eliminated without affecting an individual
rabbit's ability to survive when food is scarce?
(1) digestion
(2) excretion
(3) circulation
(4) reproduction
20. Compound X increases the rate of the reaction
shown below.
Compound X is most likely
(1) an enzyme
(2) a lipid molecule
(3) an indicator
(4) an ADP molecule
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Topic 1: Chemistry of Living Things
Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology.
When humans perspire, water, urea, and salts containing sodium are removed from the blood.
Drinking water during extended periods of physical exercise replenishes the water but not the
sodium. This increase in water dilutes the blood and may result in the concentration of sodium
dropping low enough to cause a condition known as hyponatremia.
Symptoms of hyponatremia include headache, nausea, and lack of coordination. Left untreated,
it can lead to coma and even death. The body has a variety of feedback mechanisms that assist in
regulating water and sodium concentrations in the blood. The kidneys play a major role in these
mechanisms, as they filter the blood and produce urine.
21. Many runners pour water on their bodies during a race. Explain how this action helps to
maintain homeostasis.
22. How would running in a marathon on a warm day most likely affect urine production?
Support your answer.
Base your answers to questions 23 and 24 on the diagrams below and on your knowledge of biology.
The arrow below each lettered process indicates where the process takes place.
23. What is Process A called?
(1) photosynthesis
(2) fermentation
(3) dehydration synthesis
(4) aerobic respiration
24. Glucose is a product of
(1) process A, only
(2) process B, only
(3) process B and process C
(4) process A and process C
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Topic 1: Chemistry of Living Things
25. The diagram below represents a cycling of
materials.
27. Which condition is necessary for enzymes and
hormones to function properly in the human
body?
(1) These chemicals must have a specific
shape.
(2) These chemicals must be able to
replicate.
(3) Body temperature must be above 40°C.
(4) Body pH must be above 10.
Which row in the chart below shows the
substances represented by X and Y?
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4
26. The diagram below represents two molecules
that can interact with each other to cause a
biochemical process to occur in a cell.
What pair of molecules would Molecules A
and B most likely represent?
(1) a protein and a chromosome
(2) a receptor and a hormone
(3) a carbohydrate and an amino acid
(4) an antibody and a hormone
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Topic 1: Chemistry of Living Things
Base your answers to questions 28 through 30 on
the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology.
The pH of the internal environment of lysosomes (organelles that contain digestive enzymes) is
approximately 4.5, while the pH of the surrounding cytoplasm is approximately 7. The average
pH of the human stomach during digestion is approximately 2.5, while the average pH of the
small intestine during digestion is about 8.
The graph below shows how pH affects the enzyme activity of four different enzymes, A, B, C,
and D.
28. Lysosomes break open during the process of digestion, releasing enzymes into the cytoplasm.
Which statement may explain why the entire cell may not he digested?
(1) The acidic environment of the cytoplasm destroys the enzymes.
(2) Antibodies in the cytoplasm break down foreign enzymes.
(3) The pH of the cytoplasm causes the enzymes to function less effectively.
(4) Enzymes can function only in the location where they are synthesized.
29. Which enzyme functions best in a pH environment most similar to that of human stomach
enzymes?
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
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Topic 1: Chemistry of Living Things
30. What will most likely happen to the action of an enzyme from the small intestine if it is placed
in an environment similar to the environment in which enzyme C functions best?
(1) It would no longer be able to function because the environment is too acidic.
(2) It would adapt to the new environment and start carrying out the same function as enzyme
(3) It would continue to function because it is able to modify the pH of the environment.
(4) It would be able to function because the pH of the environment is similar to that of the
intestine.
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Answer Key
LE BE-Topic 1
1.
4
2.
4
3.
1
4.
3
5.
4
6.
1
7.
4
8.
4
9.
2
10.
1
11.
3
12.
3
13.
3
14.
4
15.
4
16.
4
17.
3
18.
2
19.
3
20.
1
21.
Examples: - reduces
loss of sodium cools the body decreases amount of
perspiration - slows
down water loss reduces the chances
of hyponatremia
22.
Examples: - Less
urine would be
produced because a
large amount of
water is being lost as
sweat. - Less urine
will be produced
because the
feedback
mechanisms in the
kidneys regulate
water levels in the
blood. - The runner
would sweat more,
decreasing H2O
levels in the blood.
This decrease would
slow urine
production because
there is less water in
the blood to be
filtered. - Urine
would be more
concentrated
because it would
contain less water.
23.
4
24.
2
25.
3
26.
2
27.
1
28.
3
29.
1
30.
4
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