Download Non - Mendelian Genetics

Non - Mendelian Genetics
Patterns of Inheritance that don’t
quite follow Mendel’s laws
Non-Mendelian Genetics
• Mendel’s pea experiments
displayed _______
___________ patterns
!
• Many traits, however, are
inherited through more
_______ patterns
– _____________ ___________
– _____________
– ______ _______
Difference in dominant traits
*Important to Note*
Some alleles are neither __________ nor ___________,
and many ______ are controlled by __________ alleles
or genes.
Incomplete Dominance
!
• Incomplete dominance:
– When ______ trait is _________.
– The ______________ phenotype
will show a ______ of the traits
– “_________” of Dominance
!
• Allele forms mix together to give
an
______________ appearance
!
• One allele does ______
completely
_______ the other
!
• Note: Both homozygous forms
are designated by distinct
___________ letters
!
R = allele for red flowers W = allele for white flowers
red x white ---> pink RR x WW ---> 100% RW
Incomplete Dominance
Codominance
• Codominance:
– _________ allele forms
• Both alleles can _______ ,
meaning both _____ at the
______ time
• More than _____ possible alleles
exist in a population
– Speckled sussex chickens,
black and white feathers
Codominance
• _________ _________
– A and B are ________ over
O, but “_____” dominant
with each other.
ABO Blood System
• Notation: use capital
letter “___” to show
domiance over “___”
and __________ to
show _____________.
ABO Blood System
• Blood type is
determined by
________ (markers)
on the _______ of the
cells
• If antigens are mixed
_________ , they
react with _________
which cause blood to
clot.
Polygenic Traits
• Trait controlled by
many different genes.
– ____ _______
– _____ ______
– ________
Chromosomes
Review:
• Humans have ___
chromosomes in _____ cells
– __ are from the _______
_____ (father)
– __ are from the _______
_____ (mother)
!
2 Types:
1) ___________:
• Chromosome pairs #__ - ___
(regular chromosomes)
!
2) _______________:
• Pair #____:
• XX = ________
• XY = _____
_____________
• Why do you
think theses
chromosomes
are arranged
this way?
!
• Is this from a
male or
female?
!
!
!
• _____ eggs carry the ___ chromosome
!
• ONLY ______ of sperm carry the ___
chromosome; what would the other half
carry?
Autosomal vs. sex-linked genes
• Autosomal – genes located on
____________ chromosomes
(NOT ___ and ____)
• Sex-linked – genes located on
and only ______ _____ on the
___ and ___ chromosomes
X
– Most on ___ chromosome; Why?
Y
Autosomal vs. sex-linked genes
• ________ sex-linked traits appear more
often in _____
– No ___________ to _____ or ____ the trait.
!
• Males have 1 X chromosome
• They don’t have another X to hide a gene
• ____ __- _______ genes are ___________ in males
(even if _________)
• Common disorders
– _______ ___________
– __________________
Color Blindness
• Colorblindness: ________ , ___________trait
– Mostly in ______ (1:10)
• _____-______
• _____-_________
• Achromatopsia very rare
– Can only see in shades of ______
Color Blindness
• Colorblindness: recessive, sex-linked trait
XE = _______ _________
Xe = ______________
Y = ___, but does not have an _______for the
gene
!
•
•
•
•
•
XE XE = ?
XE Xe = ?
Xe Xe = ?
XE Y = ?
Xe Y = ?
Pedigree Charts
• A _________ showing the _____________
of ______ within a ________
• _________ tree
– Traces traits through the ____________.
Pedigree Charts
• A diagram showing the inheritance of
traits within a family
– ________ are females; _________ are Males
– Connecting ____________ line= marriage
– Connecting _________ line = child
!
• _______ filled in shape= _________ of
gene
• _______ shaded shape = __________ gene
Pedigree Charts
• A diagram showing the inheritance of
traits within a family
Pedigree of a Sex-linked Trait
• A diagram showing the inheritance of
traits within a family