Download The Civil War (1861

The Civil War
(1861-1865)
CHAPTER 1 LESSON 5
NORTH VS. SOUTH
(UNION VS. CONFEDERACY)
The War Between the States
 North in 1861
 Advantages
 Population
 Industrialization
 Transportation
 Food
 Disadvantages
 “Away Team”
 Leadership
Northern Advantages
 Population – Slave/Free pop. 1861
Northern Advantages
 Industrialization – over 80% of U.S. Factories
Northern Advantages
 Transportation – 22,000
miles of railroads
(South=only 9,000
miles)
Northern Advantages
 Food Production & Overall Resources (population,
land, trans.)
Northern Disadvantages
 Leadership – best Generals (Robert E. Lee) in South
Northern Disadvantages
 “Away Team” – Have to invade & CONQUER the
south
Southern Advantages
 “King Cotton” – Foreign powers relied on cotton (1/5
of British citizens were employed in cotton related
industries)
Southern Advantages
 “Home Team” – defend territory
Southern Advantages
 Leadership – Better leaders; ROBERT E. LEE
(Lincoln wanted him to lead Union troops – He
declined to stay with Virginia)
“Stonewall” Jackson
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
Southern Advantages
 Motivated Soldiers – fighting to preserve society in
the South
Southern Disadvantages
 Population
Southern Disadvantages
 Economy
Southern Disadvantages
 Industry – first factory built 1845; very far behind
North in industry (Graniteville Textile Comp. ,
Richmond, VA)
Strategies
 North

Force Surrender


Through attrition
Anaconda Plan
Control Miss. River
 Blockade Ports
 Control Richmond, VA

Anaconda Plan
Strategies
 South

Defend Territory –


Hopefully Yankees will
give up fighting after a
while
Win foreign recognition
from France or Britain
(because of Cotton trade)
Motto – “With God as Our Vindicator”
Theatres of War
 WEST

All battles fought West of
Appalachian mountains to
MS river
 EAST

All battles fought East of
App. Mountains
Armies
 UNION


Army of the Potomac
Armies named after rivers
 CONFEDERACY


Army of Northern Virginia
Armies named after states
FIGHTING
 1st Battle of Bull Run (1st Battle of Manassas)=first
battle of the Civil War
 4,878 casualties – each side realized it would be a
long fight
ANTIETAM
 Battle of Antietam Creek – Sep. 17, 1862
 Bloodiest single day in American history – 23,000
casualties
Emancipation Proclamation
 After Union victories in
1862, Lincoln decides to
issue the Emancipation
Proclamation
 Does not free any slaves,
because it only
accounted for slaves in
Confederate states still in
rebellion
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
Three Turning points of Civil War
 1863 – Year the “tide turned” for North
 1) Gettysburg, PA


2) Vicksburg, Ms


Turned Robert E. Lee back south. He would never invade the
North again.
U.S. Grant wins. Union now has full control of the Mississippi
River.
3) Chattanooga, TN

The Union Army wins; The deep South is open to invasion.
William T. Sherman can wage TOTAL WAR on the South.
Gettysburg
GETTYSBURG
 Casualties
VICKSBURG
 Gen. Ulysses S. Grant takes control of the
Mississippi River
CHATTANOOGA
 OPENS UP DEEP SOUTH TO INVASION
TOTAL WAR
 William T. Sherman
leads Union troops on
his “MARCH TO THE
SEA”
 Wages “TOTAL WAR”

Destroys South’s will to
fight
 Burns and destroys
major Georgia cities
 Turns North toward
Richmond, VA
FINAL DAYS
 Gen. Robert E. Lee attempts to defend Virginia in
1864-1865…cannot do it
Surrender
 Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Gen. U.S. Grant at
Appomattox Courthouse – April 9, 1865
Casualties
Casualties
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
 April 14, 1865
 Killed by John Wilkes Booth
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
The Assassins