* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Contemporary Moral Problems
Female promiscuity wikipedia , lookup
Human female sexuality wikipedia , lookup
Ego-dystonic sexual orientation wikipedia , lookup
Sex in advertising wikipedia , lookup
Heterosexuality wikipedia , lookup
Sexual Preference (book) wikipedia , lookup
Homosexual transsexual wikipedia , lookup
Sexual reproduction wikipedia , lookup
Slut-shaming wikipedia , lookup
The Homosexual Matrix wikipedia , lookup
Lesbian sexual practices wikipedia , lookup
Homosexuality wikipedia , lookup
Rochdale child sex abuse ring wikipedia , lookup
History of human sexuality wikipedia , lookup
Catholic theology of sexuality wikipedia , lookup
LGBT history wikipedia , lookup
Sexual ethics wikipedia , lookup
Homosexualities: A Study of Diversity Among Men and Women wikipedia , lookup
Socialism and LGBT rights wikipedia , lookup
Violence against LGBT people wikipedia , lookup
MILL’S HARM PRINCIPLE “IF ALL MANKIND MINUS ONE WERE OF ONE OPINION, AND ONLY ONE PERSON WERE OF THE CONTRARY OPINION, MANKIND WOULD BE NO MORE JUSTIFIED IN SILENCING THAT ONE PERSON THAN HE, IF HE HAD THE POWER, WOULD BE JUSTIFIED IN SILENCING MANKIND.” It is important to discuss the Vatican versus Corvino debate in a class like this, on contemporary moral issues. A.STRONGLY AGREE B. AGREE C.SOMEWHAT AGREE D.NEUTRAL E. SOMEWHAT DISAGREE F. DISAGREE G.STRONGLY DISAGREE 50% 33% 17% 0% 0% 0% Ag re e ha tA gr ee So Ne m ew ut ra ha l tD isa gr ee D St isa ro gr ng ee ly Di sa gr ee ew So m St ro ng ly Ag r ee 0% AGENDA • CLICKER QUIZ • JOHN CORVINO, “WHY SHOULDN'T TOMMY AND JIM HAVE SEX? A DEFENSE OF HOMOSEXUALITY” • PLEASE SET YOUR TURNING TECHNOLOGY CLICKER TO CHANNEL 41 PRESS “CH”, THEN “41”, THEN “CH” IN HIS ARTICLE, CORVINO DISCUSSES ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE MORALITY OF HOMOSEXUALITY THAT APPEAL TO: 57% 43% A. UNNATURALNESS B. HARM C. BOTH A AND B D. NEITHER A NOR B er A ne ith A an no d rB B ha rm 0% bo th un na tu ra l ne ss 0% WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POSSIBLE DEFINITIONS OF “UNNATURAL” DOES CORVINO FIND THE MOST PLAUSIBLE (AND THEREFORE MOST IMPORTANT FOR CRITICAL EVALUATION)? “UNNATURAL” MEANS “DISGUSTING OR OFFENSIVE” “UNNATURAL” MEANS “DOES NOT PROCEED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INNATE DESIRES” 14% ALL OF THE ABOVE 0% 14% 0% NONE OF THE ABOVE ”m ea at ns ur “n al “U ” ot m nn . .. e at an ur s“ al “U vi ”m ol nn .. . e at an ur s“ al di ”m sg . .. ea ns “d oe al lo . .. ft he no ab ne ov of e th e ab ov e E. F. 29% ra l D. “UNNATURAL” MEANS “VIOLATES AN ORGAN'S PRINCIPAL PURPOSE” “U nn C. 43% at u B. “UNNATURAL” MEANS “NOT PRACTICED BY OTHER ANIMALS” “U nn A. ACCORDING TO CORVINO, IF IT IS TRUE THAT SOME PEOPLE ARE BORN WITH HOMOSEXUAL TENDENCIES, THEN: THEY OUGHT NOT TO ACT ON THOSE TENDENCIES NOTHING FOLLOWS NECESSARILY ABOUT WHAT SUCH PEOPLE MORALLY OUGHT OR OUGHT NOT DO REGARDING THOSE TENDENCIES 14% 0% ve ve of th e ab o ab o no ne ft he lo al sn lo w gf ol no th in ec es sa r to n. .. ac to no t ug ht to ac to n th o. . NONE OF THE ABOVE 0% i.. 0% ALL OF THE ABOVE th ey o D. E. 86% ug ht C. THEY OUGHT TO ACT ON THOSE TENDENCIES th ey o A. B. JOHN CORVINO HTTP://JOHNCORVINO.COM • APRIL, 2008: DISINVITED FROM ST. AQUINAS COLLEGE • COLLEGE PRESIDENT: “WE WANT TO EXPLORE THE ISSUE FROM AN ACADEMIC PERSPECTIVE, NOT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF AN ANTAGONISTIC ATTACK TO CORE CATHOLIC VALUES.” • CORVINO: “I HAVE NO INTEREST IN DISTORTING CATHOLIC TEACHING. ON THE CONTRARY, THE MORE CLEARLY A POSITION IS SET OUT, THE MORE RIGOROUSLY WE CAN DISCUSS IT.” Current Event: http://johncorvino.com/2013/09/response-to-providence-colleges-rescheduling-of-myevent/ JOHN CORVINO, “WHY SHOULDN'T TOMMY AND JIM HAVE SEX? A DEFENSE OF HOMOSEXUALITY” IN THIS ARTICLE, CORVINO ATTEMPTS TO REFUTE TWO KINDS OF ARGUMENTS AGAINST HOMOSEXUALITY: THOSE THAT APPEAL TO ITS BEING UNNATURAL, AND THOSE THAT APPEAL TO ITS BEING HARMFUL. TO DO THIS, HE REFORMULATES THE UNNATURALNESS ARGUMENT IN FIVE WAYS AND OBJECTS TO EACH REFORMULATION. JOHN CORVINO, “WHY SHOULDN'T TOMMY AND JIM HAVE SEX? A DEFENSE OF HOMOSEXUALITY” THE FIVE DISCUSSED MEANINGS OF “UNNATURAL”: 1. UNNATURAL =DF UNUSUAL OR ABNORMAL 2. UNNATURAL =DF NOT PRACTICED BY OTHER ANIMALS 3. UNNATURAL =DF DOES NOT PROCEED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INNATE DESIRES 4. UNNATURAL =DF DISGUSTING OR OFFENSIVE 5. UNNATURAL =DF VIOLATES AN ORGAN'S PRINCIPAL PURPOSE JOHN CORVINO, “WHY SHOULDN'T TOMMY AND JIM HAVE SEX? A DEFENSE OF HOMOSEXUALITY” THE FIVE DISCUSSED MEANINGS OF “UNNATURAL”: 1. UNNATURAL =DF UNUSUAL OR ABNORMAL 2. UNNATURAL =DF NOT PRACTICED BY OTHER ANIMALS 3. UNNATURAL =DF DOES NOT PROCEED IN ACCORDANCE WITH INNATE DESIRES 4. UNNATURAL =DF DISGUSTING OR OFFENSIVE 5. UNNATURAL =DF VIOLATES AN ORGAN'S PRINCIPAL PURPOSE Corvino holds that these are bad answers for what it means to be unnatural WHY WOULD SOMEONE THINK THAT GAY SEX IS UNNATURAL? THE MOST POWERFUL ANSWER: • IT VIOLATES THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF AN ORGAN. THE PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IS REPRODUCTION. TO USE THE ORGANS IN SERVICE OF ANY OTHER PURPOSE IS CONTRARY TO NATURE. CORVINO’S FIRST RESPONSE: • MANY ORGANS CAN BE USED FOR DIFFERENT THINGS: THE MOUTH CAN WHISTLE, EAT, KISS, TALK, AND SO ON. WHAT’S SO DIFFERENT ABOUT THE SEXUAL ORGANS? • THERE ARE MULTIPLE LEGITIMATE PURPOSES FOR THE SEXUAL ORGANS. LOVE, MUTUAL RESPECT, AND SO ON. CAN A NORMATIVE CLAIM BE DERIVED FROM A DESCRIPTIVE CLAIM? “HUME SAYS … THAT NO ETHICAL OR INDEED EVALUATIVE CONCLUSION WHATSOEVER MAY BE VALIDLY INFERRED FROM ANY SET OF PURELY FACTUAL PREMISES.” HTTP://PLATO.STANFORD.EDU/ENTRIES/HUME-MORAL • • DESCRIPTIVE CLAIMS: • • “ANIMALS FEEL PAIN” “CUTTING IN LINE MAKES YOU AN EXCEPTION TO THE RULE” NORMATIVE CLAIMS: • “PLEASURE IS VALUABLE; PAIN IS DISVALUABLE” • • “IT IS MORALLY WRONG TO CAUSE PAIN” “IT IS MORALLY WRONG TO MAKE ONESELF AN EXCEPTION” CORVINO’S SECOND RESPONSE: • WE ARE INCONSISTENT IF WE CONDEMN NON-REPRODUCTIVE SEXUALITY ONLY FOR HOMOSEXUAL CONDUCT. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH HAS NO OPPOSITION TO SEXUAL ACTS BY STERILE, PREGNANT, OR POST-MENOPAUSAL PEOPLE. WHY NOT? Explanation Logically Inconsistent CATHOLIC REJOINDERS 1. STERILE HETEROSEXUAL COUPLES HAVE SEX THAT IS OPEN TO THE POSSIBILITY OF CONCEPTION; THE ACT IS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE PRACTICED BY HOMOSEXUALS. 2. IT ISN’T SIMPLY A QUESTION OF THE SEXUAL ORGANS BEING USED FOR MULTIPLE PURPOSES - IT’S A QUESTION OF WHAT THE SEXUAL CAPACITIES OF THE PERSON ARE GOOD FOR. TO USE THEM FOR PLEASURE APART FROM REPRODUCTION IS HEDONISTIC. JOHN CORVINO, HARM-BASED ARGUMENTS a. ONE VERSION OF THIS ARGUMENT CLAIMS THAT HOMOSEXUAL ACTIVITY HARMS THE PERSON WHO PERFORMS THAT ACTIVITY. b. ANOTHER VERSION CLAIMS THAT HOMOSEXUAL ACTIVITY HARMS OTHER, NON-CONSENTING PARTIES OR TO SOCIETY AT LARGE. JOHN CORVINO, HARM-BASED ARGUMENTS CORVINO ALSO RESPONDS TO HARM-BASED ARGUMENTS AGAINST HOMOSEXUALITY. HARM TO SELF: WE DON’T PICK OUR RELATIONSHIPS ONLY WITH A VIEW TOWARDS MINIMIZING RISKS. FOR EXAMPLE, HETEROSEXUAL WOMEN HAVE GREATER DISEASE RISK THAN HOMOSEXUAL, BUT THAT DOESN’T IMPLY THAT STRAIGHT PEOPLE SHOULD CHANGE THEIR SEXUAL PRACTICES. JOHN CORVINO, HARM-BASED ARGUMENTS CORVINO ALSO RESPONDS TO HARM-BASED ARGUMENTS AGAINST HOMOSEXUALITY. HARM TO OTHERS - HARM TO THE INSTITUTION OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, SAY, OR TO SOCIETY. IT MIGHT BE THE ABSENCE OF RESPECT FOR GAY FAMILIES THAT IS THE CAUSE OF MUCH OF THE PROBLEM DESCRIBED. NOT EVERYONE NEEDS TO REPRODUCE FOR THE SOCIETY TO CONTINUE AND TO FLOURISH. VATICAN DECLARATION ONE OF THE VATICAN'S ARGUMENTS AGAINST HOMOSEXUALITY: 1. SEXUAL ACTIVITY THAT VIOLATES THE PROPER FUNCTION OF THE SEX ORGANS IS WRONG. 2. HOMOSEXUAL ACTIVITY VIOLATES THE PROPER FUNCTION OF THE SEX ORGANS. 3. THEREFORE, HOMOSEXUAL ACTIVITY IS WRONG. P1. Sexual activity that violates the proper function of the sex organs is wrong. A.STRONGLY AGREE B. AGREE C.SOMEWHAT AGREE D.NEUTRAL E. SOMEWHAT DISAGREE F. DISAGREE G.STRONGLY DISAGREE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% ew Ag re e ha tA gr ee So Ne m ew ut ra ha l tD isa gr ee D St isa ro gr ng ee ly Di sa gr ee 0% So m St ro ng ly Ag r ee 0% P2. Homosexual activity violates the proper function of the sex organs. A.STRONGLY AGREE B. AGREE C.SOMEWHAT AGREE D.NEUTRAL E. SOMEWHAT DISAGREE F. DISAGREE G.STRONGLY DISAGREE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% ew Ag re e ha tA gr ee So Ne m ew ut ra ha l tD isa gr ee D St isa ro gr ng ee ly Di sa gr ee 0% So m St ro ng ly Ag r ee 0% 3. Therefore, homosexual activity is wrong. A.STRONGLY AGREE B. AGREE C.SOMEWHAT AGREE D.NEUTRAL E. SOMEWHAT DISAGREE F. DISAGREE G.STRONGLY DISAGREE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% ew Ag re e ha tA gr ee So Ne m ew ut ra ha l tD isa gr ee D St isa ro gr ng ee ly Di sa gr ee 0% So m St ro ng ly Ag r ee 0%