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Pathogen
An organism that causes disease
Infectious
Disease
A disease caused by the presence of a
living thing in the body
Toxin
A poison produced by biological
pathogens that damage cells
Inflammatory
Response
Part of the body’s defense against
pathogens, fluid and white blood cells
leak from blood vessels and destroy
pathogens
Phagocyte
A white blood cell that destroys
pathogens by engulfing them and
breaking them down
Immune
Response
Part of the body’s defense against
pathogens, white cells of the immune
system react to pathogens with defense
specifically designed to fight it
Lymphocyte
White blood cell that distinguishes
between each kind of pathogen
T Cell
A lymphocyte that identifies
pathogens and distinguishes one
pathogen from another
Antigen
A molecule that the immune system
recognizes either as part of the body
or as coming from outside of the body
B Cell
A lymphocyte that produces proteins
that help destroy pathogens
Antibody
A protein produced by as B cell of the
immune system that destroys
pathogens
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
A disease caused by a virus that
attacks the immune system
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
The virus that causes AIDS
Immunity
The body’s ability to destroy
pathogens before they can cause
disease
Active
Immunity
Immunity that occurs when a person’s
own immune system produces
antibodies in response to a pathogen
Vaccination
Vaccine
Antibiotic
Passive
Immunity
Noninfectious
Disease
The process by which harmless
antigens are deliberately introduced
into a person’s body to produce active
immunity
A substance used in a vaccination that
consists of a weaken or killed
pathogen that can trigger the immune
system into action
A chemical that kills bacteria or slows
down their growth rate without
harming cells
Immunity in which antibodies are
given to a person rather than
produced in a person’s body
A disease that is not caused by a
pathogen
Allergy
A disorder in which the immune
system is overly sensitive to a foreign
substance
Allergen
A substance that causes an allergy
Histamine
A chemical that is responsible for the
symptoms of an allergy
Asthma
A disorder in which the respiratory
passages narrow significantly
Insulin
A chemical produced in the pancreas
that enables the body’s cells to take
in glucose from the blood and use it
for energy
Diabetes
A condition in which either the
pancreas fails to produce enough
insulin or the body’s cells cannot use it
properly
Tumor
An abnormal tissue mass that results
from the rapid division of cells
Carcinogen
A substance or factor in the
environment that can cause cancer