Download 10 Week Review 2016

Early Civilizations
10 WEEK REVIEW
Chapters 1-3
1. Describe what each of these people would study:
AnthropologistStudies culture through
people.
Archaeologist-
Studies culture through
artifacts
Geographer-
Study of people,
environment and resources.
How humans adapt to their
environment
Historian-
Uses written evidence to
study the past.
2. What are primary sources?
► First
hand accounts of information.
► Examples: journal or diary entries.
3. Where is the Great Rift Valley?
Why is it an important location?
► Located
in Africa.
► Believed to be the area where humans first
appeared in Africa.
► Lucy discovered there.
► Mary & Louis Leakey- anthropologists.
4. What was the early belief of
animism?
► Belief
that all objects, people and animals
had a spirit.
► Earliest spiritual beliefs, not a formal
religion.
► Cave paintings, buried dead with care- first
clues.
5. What is monotheism?
► Belief
► Ex:
in only one god
Judaism
6. What is polytheism?
► Belief
in many gods.
► Example:
Hinduism
7. What are the features/elements/characteristics of
a civilization?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Cities
Centralized Government
Public works
System of writing
Organized religion
Job specialization
Art & Architecture
Social Classes
8. What was the Neolithic
Revolution?
► Change
from nomadic lifestyle to
agricultural lifestyle.
► People learn to grow crops and domesticate
animals.
9. Why was the Neolithic Revolution
considered a turning point in history?
► People
growing their own foods, no longer
have to live a nomadic lifestyle.
► CIVILIZATIONS can get established.
► Food surplus, population increases
10. What is subsistence
agriculture?
► Growing
just enough food for your own
survival (your family), NOT a surplus.
► Does not allow for population growth.
11. What is surplus agriculture?
► Growing
more than enough food for your
own needs, large amount of extra food.
► Allows the population to grow.
12. Why did civilizations begin in
river valleys?
► Fertile
soil, transportation, water for
irrigation and animals.
13. What river provided transportation
and resources for the early people of
Africa (Egypt)?
►Nile
River
14. Why were the ancient Egyptians
successful in agriculture?
►Fertile
soil (silt) from the flooding of
the Nile River twice every year.
15. What was the main achievement
of the Old Kingdom in Egypt?
►Old
Kingdom = Pyramid Building
16. What was papyrus and why was
it important to Egypt?
►Plant
that grew along the Nile River
►Was used to make a type of paper
Egyptians used
17. What was the form of writing
used by ancient Egyptians?
► Hieroglyphics-
form of picture writing
18. What two rivers provided resources for
the people of Mesopotamia?
► Tigris
and Euphrates Rivers.
19. What was the form of writing used
by ancient Mesopotamians called?
► Cuneiform-
tablets
wedge-shaped writing on clay
20. What was Hammurabi’s Code?
► First
organized set of laws.
► Meant to unify empire.
► Harsh punishments to promote law and
order.
21. How did Hammurabi’s Code
create a more orderly society?
► For
the first time, laws were the same
throughout the entire empire.
► No question as to what the punishments
should be.
22. What was the Phoenician
civilization know for?
► Carriers
of Civilization- trade and travel
around the Mediterranean Sea.
► Created alphabet, glass
23. What rivers provided for India’s
first civilization?
►Indus
River and Ganges River
24. How did seasonal monsoons
affect India?
► Helped
with agriculture.
► Hurt if caused flooding.
► Timing and amount mattered!
25. What was unique about the Indus valley
cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro?
Well-planned out:
►
►
cities were formed in grid patterns
sewage systems
26. What was the caste system in
India?
► Social
class systemBrahmins- priests
Kshatriays- warriors
Vaisyas- skilled workers
Sudras- unskilled workers
► Can’t change your position in life until after
reincarnation
27. What were the major beliefs of
Hinduism?
► Dharma
► Karma
► Moksha
► Reincarnation
► Caste
System
► Polytheistic
28. What were the major beliefs of
Buddhism?
►4
Noble Truths
► 8 Fold Path
► Meditation
► Peaceful
► Reincarnation- Nirvana
► More of a “non-theistic” religion
29. What is a Golden Age?
► Time
of great cultural achievements in an
area.
► Peace and prosperity.
30. What were some of the achievements of
the Gupta Golden Age in India?
Gupta = Golden Age
Decimal System
Concept of Zero
Vaccines
Surgery
Wrote Books
Architectural Achievements
31. Where were the earliest Chinese
civilizations located?
► Huang
He River (or Yellow River)
32. What geographic barriers led to China
being more isolated than other civilizations?
Isolated by:
► Mountains
► Ocean
► Jungles
► Desert
33. What is ethnocentrism?
► Belief
that your culture is superior to all
other culture.
► Ex. Chinese were very isolated, believed for
a long time that they were the only people
on the earth.
34. What were the major beliefs of
Confucius?
►5





Relationships
Son obeys father
Younger brother obeys older brother
Wife obeys her husband
Subject obeys ruler
Friend to friend
► Filial
Piety
► Leaders must be well educated
35. What were the basic beliefs of
Taoism/Daoism?
► Best
government is no government
► Government is not natural, causes more
problems than it helps
36. What were the basic beliefs of
Legalism?
► Strict
laws and harsh punishments are the
only way to govern
► People are naturally evil, need to be
governed
37. What was the dynastic cycle in
China?
► Rise
and fall of dynasties (ruling families)
► Dynasty ages and loses mandate of heaven
► New dynasty takes over
38. How did Shi Huangdi create a
strong empire?
► Strict
control of his empire
► Burned books
► Buried scholars alive
► Built Great Wall
► Standardized weights and measures, writing
39. Why was the Silk Road
important?
► Served
as a trade route between China and
the West
► Silk becomes a major export in China
40. What were some of the achievements of
the Han Golden Age?
► Canals
& road improved
► Civil service exams
► Seismograph
► Paper from wood pulp
► Rudder
► Wheelbarrow
► Accupuncture