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Genitive Case Lingua Latina I Nominative Case Review • Before we learn about the genitive case, let’s review: The nominative case is used either for the subject or the predicate of a sentence: Ex.: The tall girl is beautiful. subject predicate This is what the previous sentence would look like in Latin: Ex.: Puella alta est pulchra. subject predicate NOTA BENE: BOTH THE SUBECT AND THE PREDICATE HAVE NOMINATIVE ENDINGS. Here are the singular and plural nominative endings for 1st and 2nd declension: Singular rosa (rose) Plural rosae (roses) equus (horse) equi (horses) Accusative Case Review The accusative case is used for the direct object of a sentence: Ex.: The servant is carrying the water. Direct object • Here is the same sentence in Latin: Ex.: Servus aquam portat. Direct object NOTA BENE: THE DIRECT OBJECT IN LATIN HAS AN ACCUSATIVE ENDING. THE DIRECT OBJECT DIRECTLY RECEIVES THE VERB’S ACTION. “Ad” + Accusative Case You can also use the accusative case with the Latin preposition “ad” (“to/toward”): Ex.: Nauta ad Italiam navigat. accusative case The sailor is sailing to Italy. Here are the singular and plural accusative endings for 1st and 2nd declensions: Singular rosam (rose) Plural rosas (roses) equum (horse) equos (horses) Genitive Case The genitive case is used to show ownership or possession: Ex.: The farmer’s horse is big. Shows possession • Here is the same sentence in Latin: Ex.: Equus agricolae magnus est. Genitive, possession NOTA BENE: THE GENITIVE CASE ENDING IN LATIN ACTS LIKE THE “-’s” IN ENGLISH. THIS ENDING IN LATIN SHOWS POSSESSION. Here is what your “-a” ending nouns look like with the genitive endings: Sing. Pl. agricolae agricolarum reginae reginarum puellae puellarum familiae familiarum ALL NOUNS THAT END IN “-A” FOLLOW THE ABOVE PATTERN. Here is what these same Latin nouns mean in English when they’re in the genitive case: Sing. Pl. Agricolae (farmer’s) agricolarum (farmers’) Reginae (queen’s) reginarum (queens’) Puellae (girl’s) puellarum (girls’) Familiae (family’s) familiarum (families’) EXAMPLES: Equus puellae magnus est. (The girl’s horse is big.) Aquam familiarum paramus. (We are getting the families’ water.) Terras reginae amas. (You like the queen’s lands.) Carri agricolarum boni sunt. (The farmers’ carts are good.) Now, here are the “-us” ending nouns in the genitive case: Sing. Pl. Amici (friend’s) amicorum (friends’) Equi (horse’s) equorum (horses’) Servi (slave’s) servorum (slaves’) ALL “-US” ENDING NOUNS FOLLOW THIS PATTERN. EXAMPLES: Aquam equi paro. (I am getting the horse’s water.) Vitae servorum durae erant. (The slaves’ lives were hard.) Fortuna amici bona est. (The friend’s luck is good.) Partitive Genitive In addition to showing possession, you can also use the genitive case in Latin to indicate a part of an entire amount or group: Ex.: Est numerus magnus equorum. Genitive, partitive There is a great number of horses. Examples of the Partitive Genitive: Pars magna terrae bona est. (A great part of the land is good.) In viā numerus parvus carrorum erat. (There was a small number of carts/cars on the road.)