Download Genitive Case

Genitive Case
Lingua Latina I
Nominative Case Review
• Before we learn about the genitive case,
let’s review:
The nominative case is used either for the
subject or the predicate of a sentence:
Ex.: The tall girl is beautiful.
subject
predicate
This is what the previous sentence would
look like in Latin:
Ex.: Puella alta est pulchra.
subject
predicate
NOTA BENE: BOTH THE SUBECT AND THE PREDICATE
HAVE NOMINATIVE ENDINGS.
Here are the singular and plural nominative
endings for 1st and 2nd declension:
Singular
rosa (rose)
Plural
rosae (roses)
equus (horse)
equi (horses)
Accusative Case Review
The accusative case is used for the direct
object of a sentence:
Ex.: The servant is carrying the water.
Direct object
• Here is the same sentence in Latin:
Ex.: Servus aquam portat.
Direct object
NOTA BENE: THE DIRECT OBJECT IN LATIN HAS
AN ACCUSATIVE ENDING. THE DIRECT OBJECT
DIRECTLY RECEIVES THE VERB’S ACTION.
“Ad” + Accusative Case
You can also use the accusative case with
the Latin preposition “ad” (“to/toward”):
Ex.: Nauta ad Italiam navigat.
accusative case
The sailor is sailing to Italy.
Here are the singular and plural accusative
endings for 1st and 2nd declensions:
Singular
rosam (rose)
Plural
rosas (roses)
equum (horse)
equos (horses)
Genitive Case
The genitive case is used to show
ownership or possession:
Ex.: The farmer’s horse is big.
Shows possession
• Here is the same sentence in Latin:
Ex.: Equus agricolae magnus est.
Genitive, possession
NOTA BENE: THE GENITIVE CASE ENDING IN LATIN ACTS
LIKE THE “-’s” IN ENGLISH. THIS ENDING IN LATIN
SHOWS POSSESSION.
Here is what your “-a” ending nouns look like
with the genitive endings:
Sing.
Pl.
agricolae
agricolarum
reginae
reginarum
puellae
puellarum
familiae
familiarum
ALL NOUNS THAT END IN “-A” FOLLOW
THE ABOVE PATTERN.
Here is what these same Latin nouns mean in English
when they’re in the genitive case:
Sing.
Pl.
Agricolae (farmer’s)
agricolarum (farmers’)
Reginae (queen’s)
reginarum (queens’)
Puellae (girl’s)
puellarum (girls’)
Familiae (family’s)
familiarum (families’)
EXAMPLES:
Equus puellae magnus est.
(The girl’s horse is big.)
Aquam familiarum paramus.
(We are getting the families’ water.)
Terras reginae amas.
(You like the queen’s lands.)
Carri agricolarum boni sunt.
(The farmers’ carts are good.)
Now, here are the “-us” ending nouns in the
genitive case:
Sing.
Pl.
Amici (friend’s)
amicorum (friends’)
Equi (horse’s)
equorum (horses’)
Servi (slave’s)
servorum (slaves’)
ALL “-US” ENDING NOUNS FOLLOW THIS
PATTERN.
EXAMPLES:
Aquam equi paro.
(I am getting the horse’s water.)
Vitae servorum durae erant.
(The slaves’ lives were hard.)
Fortuna amici bona est.
(The friend’s luck is good.)
Partitive Genitive
In addition to showing possession, you can
also use the genitive case in Latin to
indicate a part of an entire amount or
group:
Ex.: Est numerus magnus equorum.
Genitive, partitive
There is a great number of horses.
Examples of the Partitive Genitive:
Pars magna terrae bona est.
(A great part of the land is good.)
In viā numerus parvus carrorum erat.
(There was a small number of carts/cars on
the road.)