Download File

Warm Up: 3-2-1
Write down the following to turn in with your movie
handout from yesterday:

What are 3 interesting facts you learned about the Rosetta
Stone
What are 2 Ways the Rosetta stone was involved in world
power struggles?
What is 1 conclusion you can draw about the relationship
between Religion and Power in Egypt based on the Podcast
and your learning from Monday & Tuesday this week?
Agenda

 Remember: Project Due Friday @ 2:10 pm
 Today we cover 2,000 years of Pharaohs in 1 class
 Tomorrow in class activity to show your knowledge
of Egypt based on notes
 Friday Settlers
 Monday Test in Early River Civilizations
 60% fill in the blank 40% Essay
Chapter 2 Lecture Outline: “The Four Early River Valley Civilizations”
Egypt on the Nile
III. EGYPTIAN CULTURE
A. RELIGION
1. Polytheistic
a. Over 2,000
Ra, the sun god; Horus, sky god; Isis, mother goddess “giver of life” associated with Nile
Above: The pantheon of Egyptian gods*
Example of Religious Syncretism
Right: The depiction of the seated mother holding the suckling child Horus was a
Right:
ofimage
household
gods were
often
on altars
in Egyptian
commonImages
painted
throughout
Egypt
anddisplayed
is reminiscent
of the
iconography of
homes.
This
is
the
goddess
Taweret
one
of
the
most
popular.
Taweret
Mary and Jesus. Also, Horus, being the child of Osiris and Isis – the god of the
protected
their children
thethe
risks
pregnancy
living andmothers
the deadand
- would
grow upagainst
to defeat
evilduring
Seth and
cast himand
into
birth.
darkness. Seth eternally strives for revenge, battling Horus at every turn. When
The
goddess
was usually
as and
a pregnant
hippopotamus
thethen
limbs
Horus
wins, Maat
(justice)depicted
is upheld
the world
is at peace. with
Horus
protects
and
paws
of
a
lion
and
a
mane
in
the
form
of
a
crocodile's
tail.
Her
us in this life. Given all that…can you see how the early Christians had an easy
frightening
appearance
was
probably
meant
away evil
spirits. after
time marketing
their new
Roman
religion
to to
thescare
Egyptians,
particularly
convincing
them that Mary, mother of Jesus, was an incarnation
of Isis!
ca. 712
- 332 B.C.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Chapter 2 Lecture Outline: “The Four Early River Valley Civilizations”
Egypt on the Nile
II. UNITED EGYPT’S GOVERNMENT
C. The Pharaoh [means, royal house] – the ruler of Egypt
1. were considered gods; served both political and religious roles
Define
Type of government where the political rulers are thought to be
type of
divinely-guided, or even divine themselves is a theocracy.
government
2. Believed each pharaoh ruled even after death, because
they all possessed the same eternal spirit = ka;
and being god, naturally bore full responsibility for Egypt’s well-being.
3. Therefore, Pharaoh’s tomb very important, because it was still a place of rule.
Built massive tombs called pyramids.
4. The pyramids were built
mainly in the
Old Kingdom Period.
The Great Pyramids at Giza.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Mummies

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMs_IGKxMu0
EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD 2920-2575 BCE
• Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Menes.
• Foundation of the capital Memphis.
• Early Step Pyramid is built at Saqqara.
OLD KINGDOM - 2660-2180 BCE
• The Great Pyramids of Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Chephren), Menkaure (Mycerinus) are built at Giza.
• Pyramids of Sahure, Neferirkare, Raneferef, Neuserre are built at Abusir.
MIDDLE KINGDOM 2180-1550 BCE
• Fragmentation of centralized power.
• Kings in Thebes establish control over all Egypt.
• Chaos leads central administration in Lower Egypt to disappear following infiltration by Hyksos,
an Asiatic people in the Nile Delta.
• Upper Egypt dominated by kings in Thebes.
(CH 2 Coverage)
----------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------NEW KINGDOM 1550-1070 BCE
(CH 4 Coverage)
• Theban king Ahmose expels the Hyksos and reunites Egypt.
• Reigns of such kings as Amenhotep and Thutmose (Thutmosis). Memphis now main residential city.
• Ramses II (1290- 1224 BC) divides power in Middle East with the Hittites; Qantir capital of Egypt.
• Invasions of mysterious sea peoples wreck havoc throughout Mediterranean region.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Future history….
• Alexander the Great of Macedonia / Greece conquers and the Ptolemy dynasty governs; 332 – 30 BC
• After the defeat of Cleopatra, the last Ptolemy ruler, the Roman emperors exploit Egypt as the main
production center of wheat, papyrus and textiles for the vast Roman Empire; 30 BC – 394 AD
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Timeline
 Old Kingdom
2650 BC – 2181 BC
 Middle Kingdom
2055 BC – 1650 BC
 New Kingdom
1550 BC – 1095 BC
Why is this different? Do you notice anything about the dates?
Rise & Fall of Power Pt 1

 Pharaoh Djoser, Snefru & Kufu (Cheops in Greek)
expand power and build the Pyramids
 Between Each “Kingdom” Egypt’s United power
falls and we don’t see a unified government or great
building projects
nd
2
Hyskos in
Intermediate Period

 They came from Syria and Palestine.
 They introduce technologies such as the horse drawn
chariot, and the compound bow, copper arrowheads
and daggers.
 The Hyskos are eventually overthrown with the
same technology they introduced.
The New Kingdom

The most well known
Pharaohs come from this
period
Egypt was at the height
of its power
Great Building Projects
and Territorial
Expansion to place
The New Kingdom
1550 BCE saw the age of conquering
pharaohs.
Thotmoses I, and III would conquer
Mesopotamia and Nubia.
Hatshesput would disguise herself as a man
and reign as pharaoh for 22 years. She would
build the temple Dier El-Bahri

Engravings at Karnak

Why do we
know how
to read
these again?
Amenhotep & Aten
 Amenhotep IV would change
the Egyptian religion to a
monotheistic religion called the
Amarana Revolution.
 They could only worship the
Sun god Aton.
 Amenhotep = Akenaton
 No physical form – just sun rays
 Earliest known monotheism in
the world!
 Did he steal it from the Jews or
did the Jews steal it from him?
Ramses 1320-1070
 Wait, How many years did he rule???

 All the Ramses had to fight various enemies
 Ramses II (The Great!) signed one of the world’s
first peace treaties
 Liked himself a lot:
Pharoah’s of the New
Kingdom

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7ukJSMlazc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOVb9PfOGCU
Collapse of Egyptian
Dominance

 The end of Egypt’s dominance as a power coincided
with the end of the Bronze age civilizations all over
the middle east including Canaan (which Egypt
Ruled under Ramses
 This Collapse leaves way for the development of
new groups of civilizations…..one of which would
impact the world in the way that no other ancient
civilization does….Guess Who?