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English for Academic Skills Independence [EASI] Session 6 Vocabulary A quick review firstly to begin with one major… is in addition furthermore another… is however although nevertheless in summary it is clear that therefore for example such as for instance therefore because for this reason unless even if except in fact in particular obviously By the end of this session you will be able to … • use web resources, apps and e-dictionaries to learn technical vocabulary English vocabulary How many words are there in the English language? This depends on several factors, such as whether or not you count words which have more than one meaning: • rock – He likes to rock the baby to sleep. – They threw a rock into the river. Could be at least 250,000! pig roughly injure mixture announcement biological praise disagree electric excess fulfill depress fancy compose continuous complexity friendship stability accomplish comprise holder inquiry weakness noun… So many words to learn! How can we possibly learn them all? Thankfully, we don’t have to. Prioritise which words you should learn. Three lists of high frequency words: - The New General Service List - The Academic Word List (AWL) - The Academic Vocabulary List (AVL) New General Service List (NGSL) 2818 words which occur often in everyday English 90% of General English texts and everyday situations. Academic Word List (AWL) 570 word families most frequent in academic contexts - excludes the 2000 most frequent words in English - divided into 10 sublists - available on SLC website EASI Resources Vocab Session 3 You need to learn all of the AWL Academic Vocabulary List (AVL) http://www.wordandphrase.info/academic/fre quencyList.asp • • • • A new list of 3015 words in academic contexts 1991 word families Uses a better corpus than the AWL Can see definitions, collocates and relevancy to different subject areas • But you still need the technical vocabulary for your subject area Some words are more common than others: everyday language NGSL Academic Word List analyse galvanometer Academic Vocab List Technical Vocabulary - electronics Levels of specificity Some words are only used in a subject. Context specific and almost useless outside of that subject. These are the technical terms of the subject. Other words in a subject will also be used in more everyday contexts. Levels of specificity Law judge accused caution jactitation The history of jactitation Subject-specific dictionaries in AUT library • Paper dictionaries • Electronic dictionaries – some examples – – – – – – – – Dictionary of Business Dictionary of Finance and Banking A Dictionary of Marketing International Dictionary of Hospitality Management A Dictionary of Nursing Bender’s Dictionary of Nutrition and Food Technology A Dictionary of Astronomy The Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Marketing So much to learn! How can you remember the new words you meet in your studies? • Use vocabulary learning strategies… Vocabulary learning strategies (from session 1) • • • • • • • • • Read as much as possible Guess meaning from context Advanced Learners Dictionary Apps for SmartPhones Keep lists or make flashcards Repeat and review Associations/connections / mnemonics Use it or lose it Vocabulary learning websites, eg. www.vocabulary.com Use flashcard apps – (from session 1) 1. Cram www.cram.com/ 2. Quizlet https://quizlet.com/ 3. Studyblue https://www.studyblue.com • Make your own flashcards • Libraries of cards made by other users • Constant recall / self-testing most effective Summary • Use the Academic Word List (AWL) – Try apps like studyblue • Prioritise which words to learn – AWL – Technical vocabulary from your subject • Use one or more vocabulary learning strategies Homework Explore the following websites: http://esl.fis.edu/vocab/ http://www.vocabulary.com/ http://www.manythings.org/e/vocabulary.html Try the activities which follow … Follow-up activity: Technical Vocabulary What is technical vocabulary? • the vocabulary which specifically relates to a particular subject and does not occur in everyday situations Health Sport Engineering Computing bacne nutmeg torque Easter egg Follow-up activity: Online dictionaries Choose one or more of the following technical terms and find out its: - form - meaning - usage biofeedback pronunciation / spelling part of speech / where it fits into a sentence / collocations bogie Dictionaries: Cambridge Collins Macmillan mensuration Oxford Longman WYSIWYG Answers Health Sport Engineering biofeedback bogie mensuration Computing WYSIWYG Pronunciation /baɪəʊˈfiːdbæk/ /ˈbəʊɡi/ /menʃəˈreɪʃən/ /ˈwɪzɪwɪg/ Part of Speech noun noun noun Meaning and Examples adjective