Download Cell Biology Cancer 1

Biomedical Technology
Cell Biology & Cancer Unit
Objective 1
Cancer types, incidence,
pre-disposition, and risk factors
Cancer Facts
1. Group of 100 diseases
2. Diseases that develop across time
3. Characterized by uncontrolled cell
division
4. Can develop in any body tissue
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Cancer Facts
5. Hereditary and environmental factors
contribute to development of cancer
6. Second leading cause of death in US
7. Men have one in two risk and women
have one in three risk in their lifetime.
8. Risk increases with age
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Cancer types
• Benign
• Malignant
• Metastatic
• Classification of the cancer type depends
on cause and location
• Each type has its own growth rate,
prognosis and treatability
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Benign
• Not dangerous
• The best type of news a cancer
patient can receive.
• Does not invade nearby tissues or
spread to other parts of the body
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Malignant
• Is the invasive type of cancer.
• It invades nearby tissues and spreads
to other parts of the body.
• Malignant is the word often used to
describe cancer although not all
cancer is malignant.
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Metastatic
The spreading of the primary cancer
to another part of the body.
Examples:
• Breast cancer spreads most commonly to
the bones.
• Colon cancer spreads most commonly
to the liver.
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Inherited disposition
• Means they are more likely to develop
cancer than the general population
• Can inherit a susceptible mutation which
occurs in all body’s cells
For instance if your mother and
grandmother had breast cancer you are
more likely to develop breast cancer.
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Risk Factors
1.
2.
3.
4.
Exposure to carcinogens
Cigarette smoking
Exposure to the sun
Females – family history of breast
cancer
5. Fair skin
6. Chemicals, radiation, and viruses
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Relationship to exposure
and development of cancer
• Cancer can develop decades after
exposure to carcinogens
• Cancer does not always develop after
exposure
• Cancer develops over time and could be
from different causes.
• Cancer can occur at any age and any
location
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Terminology associated with the
diagnosis of cancer
1. Incidence rate – number of new
cases per year per 100,000 persons.
2. Mortality rate – number of deaths
per 100,000 persons per year
3. Survival rate – proportion of
patients alive at some point after
their diagnosis of a disease.
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Additional Information
• Mortality rate is the same as death rate
and fatality rate.
Example: If the mortality rate is 90% there is
a 90% chance of death.
• Survival rate is the opposite of mortality
rate.
Example: If the survival rate is 90% there is a
90% chance of survival or cure.
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Chance of surviving cancer
increases with early
detection and treatment
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Cancer Facts Review
1. Cancer is a group of how many diseases?
100
2. Cancer develops;
a. Suddenly
b. Across time
3. Cancer is characterized by;
a. uncontrolled cell division
b. controlled cell division
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Cancer Facts Review
4. What part of the body can cancer develop
in?
Virtually any of the body’s tissues
5. Name two known factors that contribute
to cancer.
Hereditary and environmental factors
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Cancer Facts Review
6. Cancer is one of the top 10 leading causes
of death in the U.S. What place does it
hold in the top ten?
Second
7. Men have one in _____ chance of getting
cancer in their lifetime.
two
8. Women have one in _____ chance of
getting cancer in their lifetime.
three
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Cancer Facts Review
9. Name three types of cancer.
Benign, Malignant and Metastatic
10. Cancer classification depends on two
factors. What are they?
Cause and location
11. Each type of cancer has three
characteristics that are unique to each.
What are they?
Growth rate, prognosis and treatability
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Cancer Facts Review
12. As a person gets older what happens to
the incidence rate of cancer?
It increases with age
13. What does inherited predisposition
mean?
Can inherit a susceptible mutation than
can become cancer
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Cancer Facts Review
14. Name eight risk factors associated with
increase incidence of cancer.
Exposure to carcinogens
Cigarette smoking
Exposure to the sun
Females – family history of breast cancer
Fair skin
Chemicals
Radiation
Viruses
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Cancer Facts Review
15. Name two actions that you can take to
increase your chance of surviving cancer.
Early detection and treatment
16. Number of new cases per year per
100,000 persons is the ___________ rate.
incidence
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Cancer Facts Review
17. The number of deaths per 100,000
persons per year is the _______
rate.
Mortality
18. Proportion of patients alive at some
point after their diagnosis of a disease is
the ________ rate.
Survival
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