Download Reconstruction

Surrender
• On April 8, 1865, General Lee surrendered his
army at the Appomattox Court House
• Civil War is over
Reconstruction
• The rebuilding and healing of the country
after the war
• A plan to reunite the country as quickly as
possible
Reconstruction
• President Lincoln came up with a plan:
– Former Confederate states: 10% of the citizens
must swear loyalty to the United States
– Representatives from that state would then be
sent to Congress and the state would become a
part of the U.S. again
Reconstruction
• Congress did not
agree with
President Lincoln
– They wanted HALF
of the citizens to
swear loyalty
– President Lincoln
did not sign the
plan into law
South in Ruins
• The Civil War destroyed the South
• White southerners were angry and resentful
– No desire to treat freedmen as equals
• “My shoes are gone, my clothes are almost
gone. I’m sick. I’m weary. My family have been
killed or scattered.” –Confederate General
Assassination
• The murder of a political or
government leader
• On April 14, 1865, President
Lincoln was shot by John
Wilkes Booth as he watched
a play at Ford’s Theater
• He died early the next day
Andrew Johnson
• Andrew Johnson was quickly sworn into office
after President Lincoln died
• Johnson blamed the war on wealthy
southerners (had tricked poor farmers)
– Did NOT believe that blacks should have equal
rights
• Continued Lincoln’s easy plan and pardoned
hundreds of former Confederates
Andrew Johnson
• Declared secession
illegal
• Passed the 13th
Amendment to the
Constitution
– Abolished slavery
forever
Andrew Johnson
• Allowed elections to
take place in the
South, but only
whites could vote
• Former Confederates
took control again
and created Black
Codes
– Laws that denied
African Americans
many civil rights
Black Codes
• Black codes took away freedmen’s civil rights
– Hoped to return them to slavery
– Not allowed to vote
– To travel, had to receive permission from white
employer
– Had to receive permission from a judge to work
any other job besides a farmer
– Violence broke out throughout the South
Freedmen’s Bureau
• Congress formed the
Freedmen’s Bureau in March,
1865
– Opened offices throughout
the South
– Gave clothes, food, and
medicine to Freedmen
– Established schools and
offices
• Freedmen now became legally
married and searched for lost
loved ones
• 4,000,000 slaves were freed!
Freedmen’s Bureau
• Northerners were outraged by the Black
Codes
• Congress wanted power to defend blacks
against the Black Codes
– President Johnson VETOED the bill!
• Wanted each state to make their own decisions
The Freedmen’s Bureau
http://safeshare.tv/w/fBFmkFxdfS
Congress
• Congress continued to push for equal rights
and had enough votes to override Johnson’s
veto
– Johnson claimed that Congress was filled with
traitors!
• June, 1866, the 14th Amendment was passed
– Gave African American’s citizenship and said that
states had to provide equal protection for all
First Reconstruction Act
• Congress took over and changed everything
• Passed the First Reconstruction Act
– Disbanded all southern state governments
– New elections would take place
• Ex-Confederates could NOT vote!
• Union soldiers marched in the South to keep peace
Congress in Charge
• Sixteen African
Americans were
elected to the US
Congress
• Reforms:
– First public schools
established in the
South
– Taxes spread evenly
among poor and
rich
Congress in Charge
– Congress tried
to impeach
Andrew
Johnson, but
one vote saved
him
• Impeachment:
bringing of
charges against
an elected
official
Carpetbaggers
• Many northerners moved South to start
businesses
– Called carpetbaggers (“Yankee invaders”)
• Southerners said that carpetbaggers made money off
of the misery of the South
– Southerners who worked with carpetbaggers were
called scalawags (traitors)
Sharecroppers
• Poor blacks and whites
in the South became
sharecroppers
– System of farming where
farmers rent land and
pay the landowner with
a share of the crops
– http://www.phschool.com/atschool/ca
lifornia/webcodes/history_interactive/
myp-5127/common_player.html
15th Amendment
• In 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment was passed
– Guaranteed all men the right to vote
Reconstruction Ends
• In 1877, Union soldiers left the South
• Reconstruction Success:
– Public school system established
– Industries expanded
Reconstruction Ends
• Reconstruction Failure:
– White Southerners
gained control of the
South again and Jim
Crow laws were passed
• Laws that enforced
segregation, or
separation of blacks and
whites
• Endured racism, poverty,
and segregation until the
1950’s
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
• KKK was formed to
drive out
Republicans, return
blacks to a state of
slavery, and return
southern whites to
power
– Members dressed in
white robes and
masks to conceal
their identity
Reconstruction Video
http://safeshare.tv/w/uYRjMovHNI
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