Download French Revolution

French Revolution
Chapter 3
Section 3
Radical Days of the Revolution
Video
► Click
on www.khanacademy.org
► In the search box, type in “French
Revolution (Part 3) – Reign of Terror”
► Watch the video
► Read the Powerpoint
► Answer the Powerpoint/Video questions
Radical Phase
► The
French Revolution entered a frightening
and bloody phase in 1793
► The war with Austria not going well for
France
► Some revolutionaries believed the king was
supporting France’s enemies
► Supporters of the monarchy wanted to
restore the king’s power and end this
revolution
Radical Phase
► August
10, 1792: a violent mob stormed the
royal palace and slaughtered guards; royal
family escaped
► In September of 1792, citizens attacked
prisons that held nobles and priests accused
of political offenses (“September Massacre”)
► 1200 prisoners (including ordinary criminals)
were executed during the September
Massacre
New Rights
►
►
►
►
►
►
Radicals took control of the National Assembly and renamed it the National Convention
National Convention wanted to extend Suffrage to all male
citizens, not just to those who owned property
The Convention that met in September, 1792 was a more
radical body than earlier assemblies
The new Convention voted to abolish the monarchy and
establish a French Republic (elected representatives)
Louis XVI tried to escape, was captured, returned to Paris,
put on trial, and beheaded by guillotine in January, 1793 – a
true traitor!
Queen Marie Antoinette was also guillotined in October,
1793.
Queen Marie Antoniette
Execution of King Louis XVI
Committee of Public Safety
► The
Convention (former National Assembly)
created the Committee of Public Safety (CPS) to
deal with alleged “enemies of the revolution” (12
members)
► CPS issued levee en masse, a tax that required all
citizens to contribute to war effort
► Maxmillien Robespierre (lawyer and politician) was
the leader of CPS
► Robespierre was chief architect of the bloody
Reign of Terror (Sept. 1793-July 1794)
Maxmillien Robespierre
Reign of Terror
►
►
►
►
Sham courts conducted hasty trials
for those suspected of resisting the
revolution’s goals
17,000 people were beheaded by
the guillotine during Reign of Terror
Robespierre himself was eventually
arrested and guillotined (July 28,
1794)
The convention, tired of the
bloodshed, turned against the CPS
and executed its radical leaders
Guillotine
Third Stage of Revolution
(In Reaction to the Terror)
►Moderate
French reformers created a
Constitution of 1795 (third since 1789)
►The Constitution of 1795
established a five-man Directory
(1795-1799) to rule France with a twohouse legislature
►Middle class and professionals
dominated this 3rd stage of the French
Revolution
Discontent Grows
►
►
►
►
►
The Directory faced discontent among the population
War with Austria and Great Britain continued ; peace was
made with Prussia and Spain
Rising bread prices caused the sans-culottes to riot
Some emigres threatened the power of the Directory
because they favored a return of the former monarchy
The emigres who fled previously supported the monarchy
and resented the measures taken against the Catholic
Church.
Napoleon Bonaparte
►
Popular military leader Napoleon Bonaparte emerged as
new leader of France amidst the chaos
1799
► 10
year old French Revolution dramatically
changed France—politically, socially, and
economically
► Dislodged the old social order (Ancien Regime
destroyed)
► Monarchy overthrown with monarchs executed
► Church brought under French state control
► New symbols (red liberty caps and tricolor flag)
represented liberty/equality of all male citizens
Nationalism
►
►
Nationalism (a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to
one’s country) spread throughout France
Revolutionaries made social reforms:
 set up systems to help the poor,
 established state schools to replace religious ones,
 organized systems to help the poor, old soldiers, and
war widows
 abolished slavery in France’s Caribbean colonies
Powerpoint Questions
► 1.
What Committee did the Convention create?
► 2. Who was in charge of the Committee of Public
Safety?
► 3. The guillotine of many people became a period
in France known as the
_____________.
► 4. According to the video, what was the month of
July renamed?_________________
► 5. How many persons were executed during this
bloody stage of the French Revolution?
Powerpoint Questions
► 6.
What did the Constitution of 1795
establish? (2 points)
► 7. According to the video, name the artillery
captain in Toulon who displayed military
leadership.
► 8. What was the tax that required all
citizens to contribute to the war effort?
► 9. According to the video, what did the
Jacobins demand in July of 1791?
The End