Download Genetics of prokaryotic cell

Cytogenetics in Humans
Marie Černá
Chromosome
Chromosome
On each chromosome
• is apparent the centromere as a primary constriction
• dividing the chromosome into two arms –
a short arm p (for petit)
a long arm q
Chromosomes are classified by
their length
the position of the centromere into four types:
• metacentric
• submetacentric
• acrocentric (satellites attached to short arms)
• telocentric (do not occur in humans)
Karyotype
Haploid:
1n chromosome complement
23 chromosomes (gamete)
Diploid:
2n chromosome complement
46 chromosomes (somatic cell)
Human karyotype:
• 46, XY - male
• 46, XX - female
Chromosome -
homologous: autosomes
heterologous: sex chromosomes
Human karyotype
Cell cycle
interphase
• G1 (Gap 1)
• S phase
(DNA synthesis)
• G2 (Gap 2)
M mitosis
Mitosis
Meiosis
Gamete maturation
Barr body
Literature
Biology, eighth edition,
Campbell, Reece
Unit three: Genetics
Chapter 15:
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
Concept 15.1, 15.2, 15.3.
Pages 286 – 296