Download Anatomy of female genital organs

Anatomy of female genital organs
Obstetrics: science deals with females during 
pregnancy ,labor ,& after labor.
Gynecology: science deals with female genital 
organs.
anatomy of female genital organs
3 parts: 
THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA 
THE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 
SUPPORTS 
THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA
THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA
The Mons Pubis 
The mons pubis is a rounded fatty elevation located anterior to 
the pubic symphysis and lower pubic region
The mons pubis becomes covered with coarse pubic hairs 
during puberty, which also decrease after menopause.
Labia Majora 
The labia (L. large lips) are two symmetrical folds of skin, 
which provide protection for the urethral and vaginal orifices.
These open into the vestibule of the vagina. 
The Labia Minora 
The labia minora (L. small lips) are thin, delicate folds of fat- 
free hairless skin.
They are located between the labia majora. 
They meet just superior to the clitoris to form a fold of skin 
called the prepuce (clitoral hood).
The Vestibule of the Vagina 
The vestibule (L. vestibulum, antechamber) is the space 
between the labia minora.
The urethra, vagina, and ducts of the greater vestibular glands 
open into the vestibule
Barsolin glands: 
 These glands secrete a small amount of lubricating mucus nto
the vestibule of the vagina during sexual arousal.
 They are located on each side of the vestibule of the vagina,
posterolateral to the vaginal orifice.
THE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
 The female internal genital organs include the vagina,
uterus, uterine tubes and ovaries
The Vagina

VAGINA
The vagina is a muscular, ridged sheath connecting the 
external genitals to the uterus serving as the birth canal.
A) The anterior borders include the bladder 
and the urethra. 
B) Laterally, the ureters and broad and 
round ligaments. 
C) Posteriorly, the peritoneum and the rectovaginal 
fascia. 
This is the female organ of copulation and is a fibromuscular 
tube or sheath lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
It forms the inferior portion of the female genital tract and the 
birth canal.
VAGINA
It extends from the cervix of the uterus to the vestibule of the 
vagina.
The vagina communicates superiorly with the cervical canal 
and opens inferiorly into the vestibule of the vagina
The Sphincters of the Vagina 
There are 3 muscles that can compress the vagina and act like 
sphincters:
The pubovaginalis muscle, the anterior part of the levator ani; 
The urogenital diaphragm; 
And the bulbospongiosus muscle. 
The Uterus
UTERUS
This is a hollow, thick-walled, pear-shaped muscular organ 
located between the bladder and the rectum.
It is 7 to 8 cm long, 5 to 7 cm wide, and 2 to 3 cm thick. 
The uterus normally projects superoanteriorly over the urinary 
bladder.
During pregnancy, the uterus enlarges greatly to accommodate 
the embryo and later the foetus.
The uterus consists of 2 major parts: 
The expanded superior 2/3 is known as the body; 
The cylindrical inferior 1/3 is called the cervix (L. neck). 
UTERUS
The uterus is usually bent 
anteriorly(anteflexed) between the cervix and
body. The entire uterus is normally bent or
inclined anteriorly (anteverted). It is frequently
retroverted (inclined posteriorly) in older women
. The Fundus of the Uterus 
The fundus of the uterus is the rounded superior 
part of the body.
The Uterus
The Cervix of the Uterus 
As the cervix projects into the vagina, it is divided into vaginal 
and supravaginal parts. The vagina ends at the cervix (external
os) , the lower portion or neck of the uterus (internal os).
The Isthmus of the Uterus 
This is about 1 cm long and is the narrow transitional zone 
between the body and cervix.
This slight constriction is most obvious in nulliparous women. 
The Uterine Tubes
THE UTERINE TUBES
These are 10 cm long and 1 cm in diameter. 
They extend laterally from the cornua of the uterus 
The uterine tube is divided into 4 parts: infundibulum, 
ampulla, isthmus, and intramural or uterine parts.
THE OVARIES
The ovaries are two almond shaped bodies measuring 3 x 2 x 
1half cm, attached to the uterine cornu behind the tubes by the
ovarian ligament and to the posterior surface of the broad
ligament by the mesovarium. The function of the ovaries is to
produce ova and sex hormones (Oestrogen and Progesterone).
These two functions are present only in reproductive period. 
Pelvic floor
The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle 
fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated
connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis
Levator ani
The levator ani is composed of three parts 
a) The pubo-coccygeus muscle 
b) The ileo-coccygeus muscle 
c) Ischio-Coccygeous muscle 
Action of the levator ani 
a) Strong support for the bladder, urethra, vagina and anus 

Action of the levator ani
b) Sphincteric action: By constriction of the urethra, 
vagina and anus.
c) Gutter like action to cause internal rotation of the foetal 
head during 2n stage of labor
Nerve supply of the levator ani: 
Perineal branch of the 4th sacral and rectal branch of the
pudendal nerve (2-3-4 sacral).

Supports:
1.fibrous part 
2.Muscular support 
3. peritoneum 
4.anteversion,anteflexion 
5.pelvic viscera, from anterior bladder, from posterior 
rectum
1-Fibrous support
There are primary support,act continously,ligamentary 
support(true ligamentary support, false ligamentary support)
A.True ligamentary support (3 ligaments):very 
important
1-cervical ligament (cardinal ) 
This extends from the cervix and lateral parts of the vaginal 
fornix to the lateral walls of the pelvis.
2-The Uterosacral Ligaments 
These pass superiorly and slightly posteriorly from the sides of 
the cervix to the middle of the sacrum.
Prevent occurance of RVF 
3-Pubo cervical ligament 
From the back of symphysis pubis surround urethera 
B.false ligamentary support: 
1-The Broad Ligament 
This is a fold of peritoneum with mesothelium on its anterior 
and posterior surfaces.
It extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and 
floor of the pelvis.
The broad ligament holds the uterus in its normal position. 
The Round Ligament of the Uterus 
These ligaments are 10 to 12 cm long and extend for the lateral 
aspect of the uterus, passing anteriorly between the layers of
the broad ligament.
They leave the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal 
and insert into the labia majora.
2-Muscular supports
Work during stress only as cough,kneezing,secondry support, 
composed of :
1. levator anie ms. 
2.preneal ms. 
3- peritoneum
Thin sheet ,cover abdominal wall &bladder ,anterior wall of 
the uterus except isthmus ,cover upper posterior wall of the
vagina cover rectum