Download US Hist B – U 6, Ch 18 imperialism

Chapter 18 :
Becoming a World Power
The Pressure to Expand
• Growth of Imperialism
• Imperialism – Stronger nations attempt to
create empires by dominating weaker
nations; economically, politically,
culturally, and militarily.
• Several factors accounted for the burst of
imperialistic activity in the late 1800s and
early 1900s.
Reasons for Imperialism
• 1. Economic Factors – need for natural
resources; need for new markets
• 2. Nationalist Factors – pride in one’s
country; competition between countries
• 3. Military Factors – superiority of armed
forces; need for bases and fuel
• 4. Humanitarian Factors – spreading of
culture (religion, medicine, politics…)
Europe leads the way
• “The sun never sets on the British Empire!”
• This was a popular slogan that
demonstrated the power and land control
that the British had world wide!
• In other words, the British owned or
controlled land on just about every
continent.
The U.S. and Imperialism
• In 1796, President George
Washington advised
Americans to avoid active
involvement in international
affairs.
– Make no permanent alliances!
• His advice was generally
followed over the next
century.
• By 1890, however, the U.S.
was eager to join the
competition for new overseas
territories.
Causes of the Spanish American War
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wFrAny77UY
• American desire to expand
• Revolution in Cuba
– General Weyler
• Concentration Camps
• The De Lome Letter
– Accused McKinley of being
weak
• The sinking of the USS Maine
– 250 killed
• Yellow Journalism
– Joseph Pulitzer and William
Randolph Hearst
– Jingoism
Artists Rendering of the Sinking of the Maine
Source: Chicago Historical Society
Sinking of the USS Maine
• One of the topics used by the yellow journalists
was the loss of the Navy Baseball team on the
Maine.
•All lost at Havana except J.H. Bloomer
Course of the War
• Philippines
– May 1, 1898 – 1st war
action.
– Gen. George Dewey
demolished the Spanish
fleet in Manila Bay.
• Cuba and Puerto Rico
• Rough Riders
• Battle of San Juan Hill
• Theodore Roosevelt and
the Rough Riders -->
– Big victory at San Juan Hill
Controversy: Buffalo Soldiers
-- African Americans
•
After the Battle of San Juan Hill,
Rough Rider Frank Knox said, "I never
saw braver men anywhere." Lieutenant
John J. Pershing wrote, "They fought
their way into the hearts of the
American people." (17)
•
Theodore Roosevelt commented "… no
one can tell whether it was the Rough
Riders or the men of the 9th who came
forward with the greater courage to
offer their lives in the service of their
country." (18) Despite this praise,
incredibly Colonel Roosevelt later
wrote: "Negro troops were shirkers in
their duties and would only go as far as
they were led by white officers."
Ever heard this song?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEpSBs
UjY-0
Treaty of Paris 1898
• Ended the Spanish American War.
– Sec. of State John Hay, “a splendid little war.”
• Spain recognizes Cuban independence.
– Platt Amendment
• Stated that the U.S. was allowed to limit foreign
intervention and to set up naval bases in Cuba
(Guantanamo Bay)
• U.S. gets: Philippines, Puerto Rico, and
Guam for $20 million.
Other effects of the war…
• No more European powers in the Western
Hemisphere.
– Monroe Doctrine
• U.S. becomes a world power.
• Effects on Soldiers:
– 385 Killed in Action
– Over 3,000 killed by diseases
• malaria, yellow fever, bad meat…
The U.S. and Imperialism
• The economy was expanding and many
leaders felt the U.S. needed to find new
markets.
• The U.S. began to build a modern navy
– By 1900, the U.S. had one of the most
powerful navies in the world.
• A new period of American Foreign Policy
had begun.
U.S. Foreign Policy 1890-1914
• Isolationism
– Strict non-involvement in the affairs of other nations.
• Collective Security
– Working with other countries to influence world
affairs
• Internationalism
– Intervening in other countries’ affairs to promote
important national interests and /or to safeguard
national interests
• Imperialism
– Extending power by acquiring territory around the
globe or exploiting weaker nations to serve national
interests
Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882.
• In 1882, the U.S.
slammed the door shut on
Chinese immigration for
ten years.
• It banned entry to all
Chinese except students,
teachers, merchants,
tourists, and gov’t
officials.
• This ban was not repealed
until 1943.
U.S. Overseas Expansion
Causes
1. Western frontier closes
2. Businesses seek raw
materials in new
markets
3. European nations
compete for resources
and markets
Effects
1. U.S. develops a strong
navy
2. Open Door Policy
protects trade w/China
3. After Spanish
American War U.S.
gains lands in the
Caribbean and Pacific
4. Panama Canal Built
5. U.S. sends troops in
Latin America to
protect interests
China’s Open Door
• European spheres of
influence.
• Chinese resistance.
• Opium Wars – China and
GB.
• US fears exclusion,
declares “open door”.
• Boxer Rebellion –
quickly put down.
• Puppet Gov’t to the West.
American Expansion
• Seward’s Folly
– Secretary of State
William Seward
– U.S. purchased Alaska
for $7.2 million from
Russia in 1867
– Also in 1867, the U.S.
acquired the Midway
Islands (midway b/w
U.S. and Asia)
Annexation of Hawaii
• Queen Liliuokalani & Sanford Dole
– She was the last Queen.
– Dole sabotaged his own pineapple plantation and
blamed the Hawaiians, so the US would come.
• Marines for backup and Hawaiian surrender.
• Hawaii declared a republic, Dole declared
himself first President and requested US
annexation…McKinley said yes.
Roosevelt Becomes President
• Under Roosevelt the U.S.
followed an aggressive
foreign policy and
continued to expand its
power overseas.
• “Speak softly and carry a
big stick!”
– SS – use diplomacy
– CABS – use deterence,
maybe military
• Panama Canal.
• Negotiated peace with
Russia and Japanese.
– Won a Nobel Prize
Roosevelt Corollary
• Issued to add onto the
Monroe Doctrine in 1904.
• He denied the US wanted
any territory!
• He said the Us only
wanted “to see
neighboring countries
stable, orderly, and
prosperous.
• But the US might be
forced to exercise “an
international police
power.”
• “It must be understood that
under no circumstances will
the US use the Monroe
Doctrine as a cloak for
territorial aggression. We
desire peace will all the world,
but perhaps most of all with
the other peoples of the
American continent…It is
always possible that wrong
actions towards this
nation…may result in our
having to take action to protect
our rights; but such action will
not be taken with a view to
territorial aggression.
Panama Canal
• 1903 - Panama gets
independence from
Columbia in a US
backed revolution.
• 1903 – construction
begins.
• 1913 – construction
ends.
• 1914 – canal opens.
• 1999 – canal is returned to
Panama.
http://www.pancanal.com/eng/photo/camera-java.html (watch
it live!)
Taft and Dollar Diplomacy
• Elected 1908.
• Not as aggressive with
foreign policy as Teddy.
• Wanted to:
– Maintain open door to Asia
– Preserve stability in Latin
America.
– Substitute dollars for
bullets.
• Dollar Diplomacy
• Pumping $ into unstable
gov’ts doesn’t always
work…
Differences with Taft…
Imperialist vs. Anti-Imperialist
• Americans need a new
frontier
• Economy would benefit
from more markets
• Military would gain
power by having bases
around the world
• American ideals of liberty
and democracy would be
spread
• People in territories under
American control will be
denied their liberties
• Racists beliefs are used to
justify controlling other
nations
• Overseas involvement is
expensive, leading to
higher taxes and debts
• U.S. has enough
problems at home, should
not take on more
responsibilities
Time to elect a NEW president
Wilson’s New Freedom
Wilson and the Democrats Prevail
Main Idea: In the 1912 presidential election, the Republican Party was divided
between Taft and Roosevelt, leading the way for Woodrow Wilson to be elected.
Once in office, Wilson developed a Progressive plan that placed strong
government control on corporations.
Wilson Regulates the Economy
Main Idea: Wilson worked to give the government more control of the economy.
Some of the laws passed during his term included lowering tariffs, reforming the
banking system, strengthening antitrust regulation, and supporting labor unions
and workers’ rights.
Progressivism Leaves a Lasting Legacy
Main Idea: Changes in the American economy and the government’s role in
managing natural resources still have an impact on society today.
Continued...
Election of 1912 – Wilson wins!
45
Democrat
Republican
Progressive
Socialist
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Wilson
Taft
Roosevelt
Debs
• Under Presidents Taft and
Wilson, progressive
reforms continued until
1916.
• The Progressive party, led
by TR, at times was called
the “Bull Moose” party.
(TR at one time said he
felt as strong as a bull
moose!)
TRANSPARENCY
The Election of 1912
CHART
Presidential Election of 1912
NOTE TAKING
Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas