Download Document

Animal Behavior and
Life Functions
Life Functions
 After exploring the Six
Kingdoms…let’s dig deeper!
 In order for an organism to be
considered multi-cellular Eukaryotic, it
has to have the 7 life functions!
 Note: Different from 7 Characteristics
of Life!!!
Life Functions
 Grow and Develop
 Organisms increase in size
 Growth and Development (mitosis,
meiosis)
 Cells become Specialized
 Example: Organization of Life –
Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ
System, Organism (all growing!)
Life Functions
 Nutrition
 Obtain glucose for energy
 Example: Digestion or
Photosynthesis
Life Functions
 Transport Materials
 Movement of gasses, water,
nutrients, and waste throughout the
organism
 Passive and Active transport
 Examples: Diffusion, osmosis , and
xylem and phloem in plants
Life Functions
 Respiration
 Obtaining oxygen for cellular
respiration, a gas exchange
 Production of ATP
 Example: Respiratory system in
mammals to work the circulatory
system
Life Functions
 Excretion
 Removal of waste from metabolic
processes
 Examples: Exocytosis in cells, removing
carbon dioxide when breathing, oxygen
gas leaving plants through stomates.
Life Functions
 Reproduction
 Producing more organisms (offspring)
either asexually or sexually
 Examples: Process of meiosis, or
protists that undergo binary fission (the
cells just separate)
Life Functions
 Regulation
 Undergoing cellular communication
involving specialized cells or hormones
 Example: chemical signals traveling to
the brain from hormones elsewhere in
the body
Behaviors
 Behavior: ways living organisms
respond in their environment that help
them survive and reproduce
 Stimulus: anything that causes a
response or a reaction (change in the
environment)
 Innate Behaviors: inherited taxes,
reflexes, or instincts.
Types of Behaviors
 Taxes – movement
towards or away
from a stimulus.
 Reflex – a simple,
automatic response
to a stimulus.
Types of Behaviors
 Fight-or-Flight
Response – a stimulus
that triggers a reaction
causing an animal to
fight or run from
danger.
 Instinct – a series of
steps or body reactions
that continue until a
behavior is complete
Types of Behaviors
 Suckling Instinct –
mammals will suckle
the mother’s breast
right after their born
 Courtship – members
of the same species
carry out a specific
behavior before
mating
Types of Behaviors
 Territoriality - animals
defend a physical
space against other
members of their
species
 Migration – seasonal
movement of animals
to obtain food and
nesting sites
Types of Behaviors
 Hibernation –
reduced activity in
cold temperatures
 Estivation reduced activity in
warm temperatures
Types of Behaviors
 Circadian Rhythms - regulate all activities
based on a 24 hour cycle
Learned Behavior
 Different than innate behaviors, a
Learned Behavior is developed
through practice and experience.
 The more complex the brain, the more
capable of learned behaviors.
Learned Behaviors
 Habituation – animal
becomes “used to” a
stimulus that occurs
over and over
 Imprinting – occurs at
a critical time in a
young animal’s life –
shows the animal how
best it can survive
Learned Behaviors
 Trial-and-Error: trying
one solution after
another to obtain a
reward when the
action is done right
 Classical
Conditioning –
acquired through
associating different
stimuli together in
order to get a behavior
Social Behaviors
 Social Behavior: interactions among members of
the same species that is beneficial to one or more of
the individuals
 Examples…
 Group Protection: groups of the
same species gather to alert others if
predators enter their territory
Social Behaviors
 Live in Colonies with
Specialized Jobs –
organisms have jobs in
their colonies such as
gathering food or
protection
 Communication with
Pheromones –
genetically controlled
chemical scent
hormone
Social Behaviors
 Communication with
Visual/Audio – most
commonly seen in
courtship dances and
territorial defenses to
attract or defend
 Communication with
Language – organisms
create symbols and
sounds to
communicate ideas,
knowledge, and
experiences.