Download Animal Behavior Need to Know For Test

Chapter 51: Animal Behavior Must Knows
Part One: Key Concepts
51.1
51.2
51.3
51.4
51.5
Discrete sensory inputs can stimulate both simple and complex behaviors.
Learning establishes specific links between experience and behavior
Both genetic makeup and environment contribute to the development of behaviors.
Selection for individual survival and reproductive success can explain most behaviors.
Inclusive fitness can account for the evolution of altruistic social behavior.
Part Two: AP Essential Knowledge
1.
Organisms exchange information with each other in response to internal changes and external
cues, which can change behavior (ex. flight or fight response, predator warnings, protection of
young, plant interactions due to herbivory, and avoidance response)
2.
Living systems have a variety of signal behaviors or cues that produce changes in the behavior of
other organisms and can result in differential reproductive success (ex. herbivory responses,
territorial marking, coloration in flowers)
3.
Animals use visual, audible, tactile, electrical and chemical signals to indicate dominance, find
food, establish territory, and ensure reproduce success (ex. bee dance, bird songs, territorial
marking, pack behavior, herd/flock/schooling behavior, predator warning, colony/swarming
behavior in insects, and coloration)
4.
Responses to information and communication of information are vital to natural selection and
evolution.
5.
Natural selection favors innate and learned behaviors that increase survival and reproductive
fitness (ex. migration patterns, courtship and mating behaviors, foraging in bees, avoidance
behavior, and parent/offspring interactions).
6.
Cooperative behavior tends to increase the fitness of the individuals and the survival of the
population (ex. pack behavior, herd/flock/schooling behavior, predator warning, and
colony/swarming behavior).
Part Three: Video Review
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Animal Behavior Lab (click here)
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Chi Square Analysis (click here)
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Behavior and Natural Selection (click here)
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Animal Behavior Review (click here)
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Vocabulary Review (click here)
Part Four: Key Terms
51.1 behavior
51. 1 proximate causation 51.1 ultimate causation
51.1 kinesis
51. 1 taxis
51. 1 pheromones
51. 2 innate behavior
51.2 habituation
51.2 associative learning
51.2 classical conditioning 51.2 operant conditioning 51.4 foraging
51.4 promiscuous
51.4 monogamous
51.2 imprinting
51.4 polygamous
51.4 polyandry
51.5 kin selection
51.4 agnostic behavior
51.5 altruism
51.5 reciprocal altruism
51.5 social learning
Part Five: Be able to
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Explain the difference between innate and learned behaviors.
Describe the evolutionary basis for behavioral ecology.
Explain the difference between ultimate and proximate causations of behavior.
Describe a fixed-action pattern and a sign stimulus.
Define habituation.
Discuss imprinting, imprinting stimulus, and critical period.
Define associative learning.
Distinguish among classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
Describe and define kinesis, taxis, and migration.
Describe optimal foraging strategies in terms of energetics and prey densities.
Describe agonistic behavior.
Describe a dominance hierarchy and explain the advantages to individuals in the hierarchy.
Explain how dominance hierarchies and territories may stabilize population densities
Describe the advantages of courtship.
Explain how ritualized courtships may have evolved.
Discuss the intimate bases for mate selection.
Discuss how the needs of the young influence the development of mating systems.
Describe how the certainty of paternity influences the development of mating systems.
Describe the various modes of communication.
Relate an animal's mode of communication to its lifestyle.
Discuss why altruistic behavior might evolve.
Define inclusive fitness and kin selection.
Define reciprocal altruism.
Describe and illustrate with examples kinesis, taxis, landmarks, cognitive maps, and migration.
Relate the coefficient of relatedness to the concept of altruism.
Part Six: Possible Essays (These are past AP essay question)- essays won’t be on the quiz.
1.
Without adaptive behaviors, animals would not survive. (2007 form B)
a.
Describe what innate and learned behaviors are. Explain the adaptive value of each of these
two categories to an individual animal.
b.
During mating season, male snakes exhibit tracking behavior when they follow chemical
pheromone trails deposited by females. Design a controlled experiment to determine whether
a male garter snake will track a female of his species or will also follow the female of a
related species.
2.(2002)
3. (2010 Form B)
4. Survival of organisms depends on adaptive behavior and species interactions. Behaviors of organisms
may be influenced by environmental factors. Select two of the following types of behavior: taxis/kinesis,
migration, and courtship. (2005 Form B)
For each type, Explain
i) how the environment affects the behavior
ii) why this behavior increases the survivorship of individuals of a species
5. To survive, organisms must be capable of avoiding, and/or defending against, various types of
environmental threats. Respond to each of the following: 2000
a) Describe how adaptive coloration, mimicry, or behavior functions as animal defenses against
predation. Include two examples in your answer.