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DO NOWThis mini-unit is about: the development
of new ways to govern people.
1) What choices do people have when
deciding how to be governed?
2) What do people need to consider when
making those choices?
In this Mini - Unit, we see the effect that one person can
have on a country or in the world.
What one person comes to your mind when you think of
someone who has contributed his knowledge and
energy to making a social change?
The Minoans
• Lived on the
island of Crete
• Had great power in
the Mediterranean
Sea by trading with
other civilizations
**Minoans are actually
settlers from Egypt and were
therefore very different from
the rest of the Greeks.
Crete: Minoan Civilization
(Palace at Knossos)
The Minoans
• Had very
sophisticated art
• Enjoyed building
palaces and
decorated them
with FRESCOES
–FRESCO:
* Shows BULL Vaulting: a
ground up
ritual sport.
paint in
limewater mix
Minoan Civilization
Minoans known for
their knowledge and
use of pottery.
Minoans were very advanced for their time period. There main
city – Knossos was more civilized than other Greeks cities at
the time. Knossos was also home to King Minos.
The Minatour (half bull/half human) was sacrificed to with male and
female virgins who were forced to try and escape through a Labyrinth or
maze.
Minoan Decline
• No one knows
why this powerful
civilization
stopped to exist
• One THEORY:
Volcanic eruption
on Thera
– Toxic gas
– Caused Tsunamis
Indo-Europeans
• Began to settle in the
main areas which
are today considered
Greece and Turkey
– Aegean Islands
– Peloponnesus
– Ionia
– Anatolia
– Shade in the area
where the Greeks
Settled
The Mycenaeans
•
•
•
•
Traded in Baltic Sea Area
Conquered Minoans in 1400 BCE
Had no major cities but Mycenae;
about 90 miles SW of Athens
– Surrounded by massive wall about 20
feet thick (citadel)
• Adapted Minoan writing system
• Advanced in Bronze & Iron
The Citadel or fortification around the town usually
housed the royal family, some nobles, and artisans.
The rest of the population lived outside.
The Mycenaean's were not Greek speaking peoples
and built up power near the Anatolian Coast.
The Mycenaean Civilization
Agamemnon's
famous Lions Gate
Pottery vessels were very
important to the Mycenaean’s
and the Greeks because it was
used to sell goods in and
trade.
King Agamemnon – Proves
Mycenaean and eventually
Greek use of bronze .
Greeks lived in all
parts of Greece, the
low-lands near
seas, in the
mountains and near
the limited fertile
areas.
They were divided by mountains and seas and were never
really an organized country unless they had to be. In fact,
Greek settlement in the Mediterranean Sea continued for years
as they were always looking for more trees to build boats and
more fertile land. Sometimes this would lead to trouble. These
tiny civilizations are known as the Greek Polis’ or City States.
** Greeks civilizations referred to as tribes, orders or Fraternities.
POLIS or CITY STATE – the
city including all its institutions,
social, political and economic
parts
Vatican City
SUMERIA
Agrigento –
Greek City State
in Sicily, Italy
The Trojan War
• 1200 BCE – The
Mycenaean kings
unite the Greeks and
fought a 10 year war
with Troy
• WHY!?!?
* Troy
Greek mythology: Zeus had become king of the gods by overthrowing
his father Cronus. Zeus was not faithful to his wife and had many
relationships from which many children were born. Since Zeus believed
that there were too many people populating the earth, he used the Trojan
War as a means to depopulate the Earth, especially his descendants
Helen
Kidnapped?
Caused War
The TROJAN Wall!
How do
we get
in???
The Trojan Horse of Course!
Fact or Fiction?
• Heinrich
Shliemann
excavated
Turkey
–Discovered this
story may be
TRUE!!
The Boring Theory
• Trojan war was Fought over:
–Struggle for control of a crucial
waterways in the Aegean Sea
Effects of the Trojan War:
1) The Dorians destroy Greek unity shortly after war.
a)
Less advanced then the Mycenaean's
b)
Forgot the art of writing during this age
- No written record exists
c) Little known about this time
2) The area of Greece falls into a Dark Age with limited trade and a
lengthy isolation ( about 300 years)
3) Epic Literature Period
1) Homer – possible writer of the time period, supposedly blind.
Maybe did not exist?????
a) Illiad – Story about Trojan War
b) Odyssey – Story about Odysseus Voyage home
Homer: The “Heroic Age”
The Dorians (who
defeated the
Mycenaean's around
1100 BCE) didn’t read
or write but have a
strong oral tradition
leading to Homeric
Epics: The Iliad and
Odyssey. – IS HE
REAL?????
Reemergence of Greek City - States
beginning in 900s BCE
•Beginning of contact with other
Mediterranean People especially
Phoenicians
•More written Records
•Citadels no longer used
•Only Free Classes have Say in government
•Separation of People into Citizens and
slaves
Greek City-States – Individual political units consisting
of the city center and the surrounding fertile farmland.
Same as countries (nation-states) today.
Greeks are the experimenters of government
Archon – a ruler (vague)
Democracy – people rule
Oligarchy – rule of the Few
Monarchy – rule of the One
Tyrannum – deliberate will
of the people to set up one
ruler by coup
Plutocracy – Rule of the
Wealthy
Aristocracy – rule of the
Best
Aeropagus –
War Council
or High
Council
Gerusia –
High Council
of Elders
Go To Persian
War PPT
1. In a democracy, only citizens are allowed to participate in the
government.
2. Democracy is a better form of government than tyranny.
3. If Athens was really a democracy, Athenian women should have been
able to participate in the government.
4. Spartan women enjoyed more personal freedoms than Athenian
women.
5. Draco issued laws that made some offenses punishable by death.
6. Draconian laws were cruel and placed unreasonable demands on
citizens.
7. The Ionians believed the Dorians were barbarians.
8. The Ionians exported the finest pottery in ancient Greece.
9. The military-minded Spartans regularly won the Olympic games.
10. As most Athenians realized, it is more important to cultivate the mind
than to build up the body.
11. By 507 B.C., all male Athenian citizens—regardless of their class
status—were members of the assembly.
12. By 507 B.C., all male Athenian citizens—regardless of their class