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Ancient Greece Geography not a country, but a collection of lands and islands, many miles of coastline; inlets and bays – Sea: Aegean, Ionian, and Black seas united them • Poor resources on land meant increased sea travel, trade and imports – Land: ¾ mountains; highest Mt. Olympus • Difficult to unite under one government; divided by mountains • Broken into different city-states, called Polis (Poleis, pl.) – Climate: moderate temps. Men led outdoor life, most activity – shopping, civic meetings, athletic activities Ancient Greece Early Greeks Crete (2000-1400 BCE) – Minoans (after their king Minos) – Wealthy traders; built large homes, had fancy clothes, etc… – Ended by volcano, undersea earthquake, tidal waves, invasion, evidence exists for all these theories Bronze Age (2000 BCE) – Mycenae – mainland Greek city of Mycenae built on steep ridge • Fortified their cities with stone walls • Wealthy from piracy – Trojan War: 1200 BC • Greek kings attack Troy, a trading city on the coast of Asia Minor • Greek king’s (Menelaus) wife (Helen) stolen by a Trojan youth (Paris); archaeological evidence shows some proof of this, prolonged wars The Dark Ages 1200 BC (early iron age) Dorians – Greek speaking people from the north come in with iron weapons • Little skill, less advanced • Trade at a standstill • Skill of writing is lost for about 400 years (1150-750 BC) – Homer Carving of Trojan Horse; 7th C. BCE • The blind poet • Depended on spoken words (bards) • Wrote long epic poems, ideals of heroism, Arête: heroic ideal: strive for excellence, courage, fame and honor • Interested in individuals, heroes compete for glory – The Iliad and The Odyssey around 750 BC Bonds Uniting Greeks Language and Literature Religion: Polytheistic – Gods Lived on Mt. Olympus, immortal – The were very “human” – fought a lot, had human weaknesses – Religion linked to government and civic pride More Bonds Olympics – Began in 776 BC every 4 years – All athletes from Aegean area traveled to Mt. Olympus, home of the gods, to honor Zeus – Pentathlon most important event (racing, jumping, discus, javelin, wrestling) – Prize= honor and fame (arête) Fear of Persia – to the east, Greeks felt the Persians were Barbarians Greek War Chart Sides Peloponnesian War Persian War Dates 1. Describe a Hoplite. 2. Describe the Phalanx. 3. What was the Delian League? Cause Effect Who Won? Why? Interesting Stuff Dailies: Ancient Greece Describe Arete Why is the peninsula of Greece broken into different city states? Describe how the Greek gods acted. Where is Athens? Sparta? What four things united the Greeks?