Download Elements of Poetry notes-2

POETRY
Directions:
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Copy the definitions and examples from this
presentation onto your “Elements of Poetry”
packet.
Write neatly, as you do not have a lot of space;
feel free to shorten the longer definitions as long
as you do not lose any essential information.
You will need this packet to analyze poems and
study for assessments in the future, so take good
care of it!
Structure and Meter
Poems consist of lines that may be
organized into groups called stanzas.
Meter is the rhythmic pattern
establish by stresses or best within
each line of a poem. Meter is
measured in units called feet.
RHYME
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Is the repetition of vowel and consonant
sounds at the end of words
Ex: proud and allowed
Write down your own example!
The repetition of identical
sounds at the ends of lines of
poetry.
“He clasps the crag
with crooked hands
Close to the sun in
lonely lands”
from “The Eagle” by Alfred
Lord Tennyson
The repetition of
identical sounds within a
line of poetry.
“We three shall flee across the sea to Italy.”
OR
“Hold infinity in the palm of your hand
And eternity in an hour.”
A slant rhyme or half
rhyme occurs when the
vowel sounds are not quite
identical.
“And on that cheek and
o’er that brow”
A mind at peace with all
below”
Rhyme Scheme
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Pattern of end rhymes in a poem
Ex:
Roses are red
Violets are Blue
I am awesome
And so are you!
(Rhyme scheme =ABCB)
Couplet
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A pair of rhyming lines usually of the
same meter and length. It usually
expresses a single idea and functions as a
complete stanza
Ex:
So long as men can breath, or eyes can see,
So long lives this gives life to thee
-William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18
The repetition of consonant
sounds at the beginnings of
words.
“Swiftly,
swiftly flew
the ship”
Assonance and Consonance
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Assonance- Repetition of vowel sounds
within stresses syllables that end in
different consonant sounds
Ex: We dully trudged along the dusty tunnel.
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Consonance- Repetition of final consonant
sounds in stressed syllables that have
different vowel sounds
Ex: the nervous move at every living sound
The use of words whose
sounds suggest the sounds
made by objects or activities.
Other examples:
buzz, hum, kiss
“Blind eyes
could blaze
like
meteors”
Speaker and Tone
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Tone: the attitude projected toward the
subject and audience
Formal tone features formal grammar
 Informal tone may feature colloquial language
(local idioms and slang expressions)
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Speaker: serves the same function as the
narrator in a story
Poetic Language
Poets combine literal and figurative
language to generate layers of meaning or
to invite a deeper understanding of a
subject.
Denotation and Connotation
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Denotation- a word’s dictionary definition
Connotations-the emotional associations a
word evokes
Ex: Car is a neutral word, however…
“Junker” suggests an old, broken down vehicle
 “Classic” implies a car worthy of showing off
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The use of concrete
details that appeal to the
five senses.
Cold, wet
leaves float on
moss-colored
water.
Language that departs
from literal meaning in
order to achieve a
special effect
A direct comparison between
two basically different things
that is introduced by the words
“like” or “as”.
My love is
like a red,
red rose.
An implied comparison between
two basically different things that
is not introduced with the words
“like” or “as”.
His eyes were
daggers that cut
right through
me.
Human characteristics are
given to non-human animals,
objects, or ideas.
The sun kissed
the flowers.
A great exaggeration to
emphasize strong
feeling.
My
backpack
weighs a
ton.
The main idea or
underlying meaning of a
literary work.
“Prejudice is
caused by people
judging others
without knowing
them”
Poetry without a
regular pattern of
meter (beat) or
rhyme.
Formal Verse
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Follows established patterns. Each
standard poetic form has specific
requirements regarding rhyme scheme,
meter and line or stanza structure.
Narrative Poem
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Tells a story and has a plot, characters,
and a setting.
Two common types of narrative poems
are epic poems and ballads
Epic Poem and Ballad
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Epic Poem- a long narrative poem about
gods or heroes, such as “The Odyssey” by
Homer
Ballad- a shorter poem that describes a
single event and may be set to music.
Most include short stanzas and a refrain
that repeats several times, like a chorus in
a song.
Dramatic Poetry
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Tells a story using character’s own
thoughts or spoken statements, is a
component of many classical play, in
these plays noble characters may deliver
rhythmic, poetic speeches, while lowerclass characters speak in regular prose
Also used to refer to poems in which one
or more characters speak
Lyric Poetry
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Expresses the feelings of a single speaker,
using melodic language, imagery, rhythm,
and sounds devices to express emotions
Most common poetry in modern language
Poems of praise that often
exhibit complex metrical
patterns, specific rhyme
schemes, and stanzas of ten
or more lines each
Elegy
 Poems
of loss that express
both praise for the dead and
an element of consolation
SONNET
A fourteen-line poem, that is divided into
three quatrains (rhyming four-line
stanzas) and a concluding couplet
(pair of rhyming lines)
Each quatrain makes a point or gives an
example, and the couplet sums it all
up.
Petrarchan Sonnet
A
sonnet in which an eightline stanza with an abbaabba
rhyme scheme is followed by a
six-line stanza with a cdecde
rhyme scheme
Shakespearean Sonnet
 Three
stanzas of four lines
apiece have an
abab/cdcd/efef rhyme
scheme, followed by a two-line
stanza with a gg rhyme
scheme
Italian Sonnet
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Another name for a Petrarchan sonnet
Villanelle
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Nineteen-line form with a pattern of
repeated lines and a specific rhyme
scheme
The lines are grouped in five, three-lined
stanzas and one four line stanza
 Rhyme scheme is aba, aba, aba, aba, aba, abaa
 Line 1 is repeated in lines 6, 12, and 18 and
line 3 is repeated in likes 9, 15, and 19
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Haiku
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A form of Japanese poetry that consists of
three unrhymed lines of five, seven and
five syllables.
Example:
My heart aches with pain.
When I see you, I vomit.
Die, away from me.
(-Hyde, from That 70s Show)
Tanka
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A form of Japanese poetry that has five
unrhymed lines consisting of five, seven,
five, seven, and seven syllables
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Example:
The sun is blinding.
Glaring on the frozen lake,
It’s fire without warmth.
Beneath the ice, the fish swim,
Oblivious to season.