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CHAPTER 4 The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. The West Encounters and Transformations Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. I. Macedon II. Hellenistic Society and Culture III. Rome's Rise to Power IV. Beginnings of the Roman Revolution Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. I. Macedon A. King Philip II (382-336 B.C.E.) 349 B.C.E., takes Greek cities 304, Demosthenes' Philippics League of Corinth assassinated, 336 B.C.E. B. The Conquests of Alexander Invasion of Persia, 334 B.C.E. Issus, 333 B.C.E. Gaugamela Persepolis, 330 B.C.E. Pakistan, 327 B.C.E. C. Successor Kingdoms Ptolemy - Egypt Ptolemy II (283-246 B.C.E.) Alexandria Antigonus - Macedon Seleucus - Persian Empire only Syria by 150 B.C.E. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. I. Macedon B. The Conquests of Alexander Invasion of Persia, 334 B.C.E. Issus, 333 B.C.E. Gaugamela Persepolis, 330 B.C.E. Pakistan, 327 B.C.E. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. I. Macedon C. Successor Kingdoms Ptolemy - Egypt Ptolemy II (283-246 B.C.E.) Alexandria Antigonus - Macedon Selucus - Persian Empire only Syria by 150 B.C.E. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. II. Hellenistic Society and Culture A. Cities from Greek poleis stoas, council halls, theatres B. Women Arsinoë II (276-270 B.C.E.) wife of Ptolemy II Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. II. Hellenistic Society and Culture C. Intellectual Life Comedy Menander (c.300 B.C.E.) Theocritus (c.300-260 B.C.E.) pastoral poetry Callimachus (c.305-240 B.C.E.) Collections of Wonders of the World Philosophy Xenocrates (d. 314 B.C.E.) Epicurus of Samos (341-271 B.C.E.) Zeno of Cition (c.335-c.263 B.C.E.) Stoicism Stoa Poikile Antisthenes (c.445-360 B.C.E.) Cynics Diogenes (412-324 B.C.E.) Crates of Thebes (c.328 B.C.E.) Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. II. Hellenistic Society and Culture Science Alexandria library Euclid (c.300 B.C.E.) Elements Archimedes of Syracuse (c. 287-212 B.C.E.) pi Heraclides of Pontus (c.388-312 B.C.E.) Erastosthenes of Cyrene (c.276-194 B.C.E.) Hipparchus of Nicaea (c.190-127 B.C.E.) Diocles Praxagoras of Cos (Galen, 129-99 C.E.) Alexander as Angra Mainyu's agent Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. II. Hellenistic Society and Culture Contact with Foreigners Eudoxos African Coast Pytheas of Marseilles (c.380-306 B.C.E.) from Gades to Britain Berosus Babylonian history, knowledge Manetho Egyptian history Hecataeus of Abdera Megasthenes Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. II. Hellenistic Society and Culture D. Resistance Zoroastrianism Alexander as Angra Mainyu's agent Egypt The Demotic Chronicle (c.250 B.C.E.) The Oracle of the Potter (c. 250 B.C.E.) Jews Maccabees Antiochus IV Epiphanes E. Celts from c. 750 B.C.E. Halstatt culture, c. 750-450 B.C.E. La Tène, from c. 450 B.C.E. Rhine, Danube Migrations from 400 B.C.E. 387 B.C.E., sack of Rome Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. II. Hellenistic Society and Culture E. Celts from c. 750 B.C.E. Halstatt culture, c. 750-450 B.C.E. La Tène, from c. 450 B.C.E. Rhine, Danube Migrations from 400 B.C.E. 387 B.C.E., sack of Rome Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. III. Rome's Rise to Power A. Roman Origins and Etruscan Influences settlement from 1000 B.C.E. 8th century B.C.E., aristocracy Etruscans by 800 B.C.E. by 600, south Sixth century control of Rome Jupiter, Minerva, Juno Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. III. Rome's Rise to Power B. Beginnings of the Roman State by 600 B.C.E. Forum drained, temples, senate house c. 500 B.C.E. end of monarchy 509 B.C.E., traditional date Brutus v. Tarquin the Arrogant Centuriate Assembly Consuls Capitoline temple to Jupiter Temple to Vesta Vestal Virgins Struggle of the Orders 494 B.C.E., Tribunate 471 B.C.E., Plebeian Assembly 287 B.C.E., decisions binding 450 B.C.E., Twelve Tables 445 B.C.E. intermarriage permitted 367 B.C.E. one consul must be a plebeian C. Roman Territorial Expansion By 263 B.C.E., Italian peninsula 493 B.C.E., Latin league 396 B.C.E., Veii 338 B.C.E. peace with Latin allies Pyrrus of Epirus leads Greeks v. Rome 280 B.C.E., victorious but withdraws Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. III. Rome's Rise to Power C. Roman Territorial Expansion First Punic War, 264-241 B.C.E. Carthage surrenders Sicily Hamilcar Barca (238-229 B.C.E.) Spain Second Punic War, 218-201 B.C.E. Hannibal, son of Hamilcar takes Saguntum into Italy Trebia River Lake Trasimene, 216 B.C.E. Cannae, 216 B.C.E. Fabius "the Delayer" Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus defeat of Carthage in Spain Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. III. Rome's Rise to Power (C. Roman Territorial Expansion) Marcus Porcius Cato (234-149 B.C.E.) "Carthage must be destroyed“ Third Punic War, 149-146 B.C.E. Celts Aedui, by c. 100 B.C.E. 58 B.C.E., Julius Caesar invades Gaul Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. III. Rome's Rise to Power D. Rome and the Hellenistic World Macedonian Wars, 215-168 B.C.E. First Macedonian War (215-205 B.C.E.) Philip V (221-179 B.C.E.) allies with Hannibal after Cannae Second Macedonian War (205-197 B.C.E.) Philip and Antiochus III of Syria Greek poleis appeal to Rome Titus Quinctius Flamininus 189 B.C.E., Antiochus defeated Third Macedonian War (172-168 B.C.E.) Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations (D. Rome and the Hellenistic World) Greek and Latin Culture Livius Andronicus from 240 B.C.E. translates Greek drama Quintus Fabius Pictor 220 B.C.E., history of Rome, in Greek Polybius Greek History Philosophy Epicurus Lucretius (d. c. 51 B.C.E.) On the Nature of the Universe Stoicism Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 B.C.E.) Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. III. Rome's Rise to Power E. Life in the Republic Clientage Social hierarchy Senatorial class Equestrians Plebeians Allies Slaves Family paterfamilias Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. IV. Beginnings of the Roman Revolution A. The Gracchi Tiberius Gracchus (162-133 B.C.E.) assassinated, 133 B.C.E. Gaius Gracchus tribune, 123 B.C.E. suicide, 121 B.C.E. Gaius Marius (157-86 B.C.E.) B. Social Wars socii = allies Lucius Cornelius Sulla (138-78 B.C.E.) 82 B.C.E., attacks Rome Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Chapter 4: The Hellenistic World and the Roman Republic, 336-31 B.C.E. IV. Beginnings of the Roman Revolution C. The First Triumvirate Gnaeus Pompeius (106-48 B.C.E.) Marcus Licnius Crassus (c.115-53 B.C.E.) Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.E.) Pompey and Crassus crush Spartacus' slave revolt, 71 B.C.E. made consuls, 70 B.C.E. Gallic War (58-50 B.C.E.) Commentaries on the Gallic War Pompey v. Caesar 49 B.C.E., Caesar crosses Rubicon Pompey defeated, 48 B.C.E. Caesar named dictator for life, 45 B.C.E. Senate from 600 to 900 assassinated 44 B.C.E. D. Second Triumvirate Marcus Antonius, Octavian, Marcus Lepidus Philippi, 42 B.C.E. Antony and Cleopatra VII Actium, 31 B.C.E. Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007