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Consciousness, then, does not appear to itself
chopped up in bits. Such words as 'chain' or 'train'
do not describe it fitly as it presents itself in the
first instance. It is nothing jointed; it flows. A 'river'
or a 'stream' are the metaphors by which it is most
naturally described. In talking of it hereafter, let us
call it the stream of thought, of consciousness, or
of subjective life.
The Stream of Consciousness
William James (1892), in Psychology.
All she could do now was to admire the refrigerator, and turn the
pages of the Stores list in the hope that she might come upon
something like a rake, or a mowing-machine, which, with its prongs
and its handles, would need the greatest skill and care in cutting
out. All these young men parodied her husband, she reflected; he
said it would rain; they said it would be a positive tornado.
But here, as she turned the page, suddenly her search for the picture of a rake
or a mowing-machine was interrupted. The gruff murmur, irregularly broken by
the taking out of pipes and the putting in of pipes which had kept on assuring
her, though she could not hear what was said (as she sat in the window which
opened on the terrace), that the men were happily talking; this sound, which had
lasted now half an hour and had taken its place soothingly in the scale of sounds
pressing on top of her, such as the tap of balls upon bats, the sharp, sudden
bark now and then, “How’s that? How’s that?” of the children playing cricket, had
ceased; so that the monotonous fall of the waves on the beach, which for the
most part beat a measured and soothing tattoo to her thoughts and seemed
consolingly to repeat over and over again as she sat with the children the words
of some old cradle song, murmured by nature, “I am guarding you ― I am your
support,” but at other times suddenly and unexpectedly, especially when her
mind raised itself slightly from the task actually in hand, had no such kindly
meaning, but like a ghostly roll of drums remorselessly beat the measure of life,
made one think of the destruction of the island and its engulfment in the sea, and
warned her whose day had slipped past in one quick doing after another that it
was all ephemeral as a rainbow ― this sound which had been obscured and
concealed under the other sounds suddenly thundered hollow in her ears and
made her look up with an impulse of terror.
Who shall blame him, if, so standing for a moment he dwells upon
fame, upon search parties, upon cairns raised by grateful followers
over his bones? Finally, who shall blame the leader of the doomed
expedition, if, having adventured to the uttermost, and used his
strength wholly to the last ounce and fallen asleep not much caring
if he wakes or not, he now perceives by some pricking in his toes
that he lives, and does not on the whole object to live, but requires
sympathy, and whisky, and some one to tell the story of his
suffering to at once? Who shall blame him? Who will not secretly
rejoice when the hero puts his armour off, and halts by the window
and gazes at his wife and son, who, very distant at first, gradually
come closer and closer, till lips and book and head are clearly
before him, though still lovely and unfamiliar from the intensity of
his isolation and the waste of ages and the perishing of the stars,
and finally putting his pipe in his pocket and bending his
magnificent head before her ― who will blame him if he does
homage to the beauty of the world?