Download Civil War

Civil War
SS5H1
I can explain the causes , major events, and
consequences of the Civil War.
Introduction




A civil war is a war between people who
live in the same country.
The American civil war was fought between
the Northern and the Southern states.
It lasted from 1861-1865.
The war was triggered by the election of
Abraham Lincoln in 1860.
Free States and Slave States
Slavery
 American colonists began bringing African slaves in 1619.
 Africans were captured, sold, and owned like property.
 Many died from disease and abuse as they sailed on slave
ships across Atlantic.
 Worked long hours
 Often beaten if they did not obey or worked to slow
 Slave families were often separated
 Some escaped to freedom
 Most slaves born in the 17th, 18, and
19th centuries lived all of their lives as
a slave.
Plantations


Large farms on which
landowners raised their
cash crops were called,
plantations.
Plantation owners relied on
slaves to work in the fields,
cook, clean, and run the
farm.
Missouri Compromise





1820- Missouri applied to be a
state
Southerners wanted it to be slave
state
Northerners wanted it to be a free
state
The Missouri Compromise allowed
Missouri to enter the Union as a
SLAVE state while Maine entered
as a FREE state. It also stated that
all future states north of Missouri’s
border would be FREE and south
of the border would be SLAVE.
Compromise of 1850





California became a state in 1850
Allowed California to enter the Union as a FREE state
Let people of Utah and New Mexico decide on the issue
of slavery through popular sovereignty (people would be
allowed to vote on whether or not to allow slavery)
In order to get Southerners to agree, it included the
Fugitive Slave Law (that northerners must return
runaway slaves to their southern masters.
Many northerners did not like the law or obey it.
What started it?


The North and the South
disagreed about Slavery
 The Southern states believed
they had the right to own
slaves.
 The Northern states believed
that slaves should be free.
Southern states wanted to
secede (leave) the United States.
 The Northern states said that
no state could leave the
Union.
 The South believed they had
to right to secede.
Abolitionist Movement



Abolitionists wanted to
end slavery.
Both whites and blacks
took part
Harriet Beecher Stowe
published a book, Uncle
Tom’s Cabin. It showed
the cruelty of slavery.
Abraham Lincoln




One of the most
remembered and
influential people in
the Civil War.
President of the
United States
Opposed slavery
Believed in staying as
one nation, not as
individual states.
Ulysses S. Grant



General of the
Northern army that
defeated the South.
Opposed to slavery.
Became President
later in life.
Frederick Douglass


Former slave who
escaped, came North,
and opposed slavery.
Great writer who made
many speeches
against slavery and
the war.
Jefferson Davis



President of the
Confederate states.
Wanted the South and
Union to be separated.
Wrote Rise and Fall of
the Confederate
Government in 1881.
Robert E. Lee




Leader of the Confederate
Army in Northern Virginia
Offered command of
Union troops, but chose
not to fight against
Virginia.
Opposed secession
Urged Southerners to
accept defeat and reunite.
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson


One of the most
skilled Confederate
generals, from
Virginia.
Earned the nick name
“Stonewall” because
he refused to let his
troops back down.

General Barnard said he
was “like a stone wall.”
William T. Sherman



Commander of the Union
army
Known for the:
Atlanta CampaignSherman’s artillery devastated
Atlanta

March to the Sea

In 24 days he was
determined to bring the South
to their knees
Famous Battles

Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861)



Battle at Bull Run (July 21, 1861)


Confederate victory
Gettysburg (July 1, 1863)


Confederate victory
Antietam (September 16, 1862)


Confederate victory
Shiloh (April 6, 1862)


Beginning of the Civil War
Confederate victory
Union victory
Vicksburg (July 4, 1863)

Union victory
Major Events of the War



The Emancipation Proclamation, in 1863,
made “freeing the slaves” the focus of the war.
In the Gettysburg Address on November 19,
1863, Lincoln said the Civil War was to preserve
a government “of the people, by the people, and
for the people.”
General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General
Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9,
1865, ending the Civil War.
Constitutional Changes



Amendment 13 Abolishment of
Slavery.
Amendment 14 Equal protection of
laws for all races.
Amendment 15 Voting rights for all
men.