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Review of Trading Systems
AP World History
Trading Systems 500 BCE to 500 CE
Silk Road Trade 200 B.C.E. to 220 C.E.
Silk Road Trade 200 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.
• Trade in silk grew under the Han Dynasty ( 202
BC - AD 220) in the first and second centuries
C.E.
• Central Asian herders ran caravans linking trade
between China and urban areas in Mesopotamia.
• The 7000 mile route spanned China, Central Asia,
Northern India, and the Roman Empire. It
connected the Yellow River Valley to the
Mediterranean Sea and passed through presentday countries Iran, Iraq and Syria.
Silk Road Trade 200 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.
• The Chinese traded their silk with the
Indians for precious stones and metals such
as jade, gold, and silver, and the Indians
would trade the silk with the Roman Empire
• Buddhism spread from India to China
because of trade along the Silk Route.
•
Indian Ocean Trade 500 BCE to 500 CE
• The Silk Roads included not only land routes but
also sea lanes in the Indian Ocean.
• The Indian Ocean trade network included sailors
from China Malaysia, Southeast Asia and Persia.
• Chinese pottery was traded along with Indian
spices and ivory from India and Africa.
Indian Ocean Trade 500 BCE to 500 CE
• Sailors used the monsoon winds to chart
their course and carry out voyages that
linked sections from East Africa to Southern
China.
• The banana came to Africa from S.E. Asia
via the Indian Ocean. The banana spread
throughout Sub-Saharan Africa.
INDIAN OCEAN TRADE 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E.
Trans-Saharan Trade
• It is possible the camel arrived in Africa
from Arabia in the first century B.C.E.
• Early Saharan trade patterns included the
exchange of salt and palm oil.
• During the days of the Roman Empire,
North Africa also supplied Italy with olives,
wheat and wild animals.
Trading Systems 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.
Silk Road Trade 600 CE to 1450 CE
Silk Road Trade 600-1450 C.E.
• Silk Road Trade under the Tang and the
Mongols was protected.
• Mongols kept Silk Road Trade safe.
• However, the Mongolswere also responsible
for carrying the bubonic plague into Eurasia
via the Silk Road.
Indian Ocean Trade 600-1450
Indian Ocean Trade 600-1450
C.E.
• When Silk Road trade declined with the fall of the
Mongols, Indian Ocean trade picked up.
• The Ming also renewed focus on Indian Ocean
Trade with the voyagers of Zheng He. These
voyages were short-lived.
• By the 13th century, the Bantu people arrived on
the east coast where their language merged with
Arabic languages from Muslim traders. This
formed the Swahili languages.
Trans-Saharan Trade 600-1450
Trans-Saharan Trade 600-1450
• The Saharan trade extended from the SubSaharan West African kingdoms across the
Sahara desert to Europe. The Saharan Trade
linked such African empires as Ghana, Mali,
and Songhay to the European world.
• Ghana possessed a large amount of gold.
• The Desert regions of present day Morocco
and Algeria contained huge salt resources.
• The gold-salt trade between the Ghana
Empire and the Arab desert merchants
flourished.
Trans-Saharan Trade 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E.
Trans-Saharan Trade – 600 - 1450
• Just as Buddhism reached the Chinese Empire
via Indian merchants, Islam reached black
West Africa through Arab merchants on
caravan routes.
• During the Ghana, Mali, and Songhay
empires, Arab merchants brought the Koran
and the written language Arabic to the oral
culture of each empire.
• By the 13th century, rulers of western empires
had converted to Islam, while common people
remained true to their polytheistic beliefs.
Trading Systems 1450-1750
Columbian Exchange
• Trade network that exchanged crops, livestock, and
diseases between the Eastern and Western
hemispheres.
• Tobacco was introduced to the Eastern Hemisphere.
• American food crops such as maize and sweet
potatoes spread to China and parts of Africa.
• White potatoes spread to Europe and manioc to
Africa.
• Coffee, sugar cane, wheat, rice, and bananas made
their way across the Atlantic from the Eastern to the
Western Hemisphere.
• Livestock such as cattles, horses, sheep, and pigs
came to the Americas.
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
• The Atlantic slave
trade was part of a
triangular trade that
involved three
segments.
• The Middle Passage
was the journey that
Africans took across
the Atlantic to the
Americas.
Atlantic Slave Trade
• As many as 25 percent of the slaves who
came from central Africa died on the march
to the coast.
• It is believed that 20 percent of slaves died
on the Middle Passage from illness or
suicide.
• If supplies ran low aboard ship, some slaves
were thrown overboard.
Trading Systems 1750-1914
Latin American Trade 1750-1914
• After the Latin American
independence movements, the
U.S. and Great Britain both
formed trading partnerships with
these new countries.
• The sugar plantations of the
Caribbean and Brazil were at the
heart of Latin American trade with
Europe.
Latin American Trade 1750-1914
• The sugar plantations of the
Caribbean and Brazil were at the
heart of Latin American trade with
Europe.
• Brazil also produced cotton and
cacao for European use.
• Cuban tobacco and sugar
• Mexican copper and silver
• Argentine beef
• Latin American rubber
Trade with the Islamic World
1750-1914
• Trade in the Ottoman Empire decreased due to
disinterest in industrialization and the inability of
artisans to compete with European imports.
• Egyptian commerce suffered from European
competition.
Trade in China 1750-1914
• The Qing dynasty lifted restrictions on trade
which had been established by the Ming.
• Trade in Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain brought
in large quantities of silver which was the basis
of the Chinese economy.
• The Chinese purchased opium from British
merchants in India.
• British victory in the Opium War resulted in the
opening of China to European trade.
Trading Blocs 1914-present
•Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
regulates oil prcies and controls oil distribution.
•European Union was organized to reduce tariffs among
member nations and create a common tariff policy for other
world nations.
•North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) abolished
tariffs between Canada, the US, and Mexico.
•The World Trade Organization was established in 1995 to
organize world trade.