Download Government by many people

Main Idea: Greek philosophers developed ideas that are still
used today.
1
-The word
philosophy
comes from the
Greek word for
“love of
wisdom.”
3
-Greek thinkers
who believed the
human mind could
understand
everything were
called
philosophers.
2
-Greek philosophy
led to the study
of history,
political science,
science, and
mathematics.
4
-Many philosophers
were teachers.
They
believed
students should
use time to
improve
themselves and
taught students
how to win an
argument and
make good
political
speeches.
The Sophists were professional
teachers in ancient Greece who
traveled from city to city and
made a living by teachers
others
Who were
the Sophists?
They rejected the idea
absolute right or wrong
and that what might be
right for one person might
be wrong for another.
They did not
believe that
the gods and
goddesses
influenced
people.
The most notable
Greek philosophers
and their ideas were:
Pythagora
s
Aristotle
Socrates
Plato
Taught his pupils that
the universe followed
the same laws that
governed music
and numbers
Developed many new
ideas
about
mathematics
Known for developing
the Pythagorean theorem
which is a way to determine
the length of the sides
of a triangle.
Left no
writings behind
and what
is known came
from the
writings
of his students
sculptor
Invented the Socratic
method of teaching
Which encouraged
people to question
everything for truth
critic of
the
Sophists
Believed
absolute
truth existed
and that
all real
knowledge
was in each
person
Forced students to use
their power to reason
and see things
for themselves
What
happened
To
Socrates?
.
He lost the favor of the Athenian
leaders because they saw
him as a threat and he was
sentenced to death.
Student of Socrates
Opened a school in Athens
called The Academy
. Wrote, The Republic,
which explains
his ideas about
the perfect
type of government
Promoted the idea
of equality
between
the sexes.
Divided society into
3 classes:
1. philosophers-kings to
rule with logic and reason
2. warriors to defend the state
3. ordinary people who
produced the state’s
food, clothing, and
shelter
Believed a just and
reasonable
government
was a necessity
Rejected democracy as
a system of government
because he didn’t think
the rule by the
people produced
fair or
sensible policies
Student of Plato who
wrote more than 200 books
Opened a school called the Lyceum
and taught his students
the “golden mean” which holds that
a person should do
nothing in excess.
(not too much or too little)
Who
Was
Aristotle
?
Helped advance science
Urged people to use
their senses to
make observations
Described his idea of the
best style of government in his book, Politics.
Divided governments into 3 types:
Government by one person (tyrant)
Government by a few people
(aristocracy or oligarchy)
Government by many people (democracy)
Greeks wrote the first real histories in
Western civilization
In most places in the
ancient world, people
did not write
their history.
Legends and myths
were used to explain
the past and many
were passed on by
oral tradition before
being written down.
Used gods and goddesses to explain
some events.
Wrote the History of the Persian Wars
Western historians consider him the
“father of history”
Considered the greatest historian of the ancient
world by many historians.
Fought in the Peloponnesian War and wrote the
“History of the Peloponnesian War”
Saw war and politics as activities of humans not gods