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From: Molecular Basis of Inherited Epilepsy Arch Neurol. 2004;61(4):473-478. doi:10.1001/archneur.61.4.473 Figure Legend: Illustrations of experimental approaches used to identify and characterize epilepsy genes. A, Linkage analysis uses large, multigenerational kindreds segregating an epilepsy phenotype. The shaded pedigree symbols represent affected individuals. Pairs of vertical lines beneath each pedigree symbol represent hypothetical alleles or haplotypes (designated by different colors) at a specific chromosomal region. An asterisk marks the allele or haplotype that segregates with the disease. Circles indicate female members; squares, male. B, Chromosome 2 ideogram illustrating the location of a single epilepsy-associated gene (SCN1A) Copyright © 2004 American Medical Date of download: 6/9/2017 identified by linkage analysis. C, Representative DNA sequence trace demonstrating a heterozygous mutation (C/T) that illustrates Association. All rights reserved. an approach to mutation screening. D, Simplified model of the SCN1A voltage-gated sodium channel illustrating the use of a