Download federalism - SPIA UGA - University of Georgia

Federalism in Practice
Jamie Monogan
University of Georgia
August 31, 2016
Objectives
By the end of this meeting, participants
should be able to:
• Explain when it is beneficial to decide
policy at the state level.
• Describe the reasons why the states
and the people have allowed the
federal government's power to grow
in the past century.
50
"Laboratories of Democracy"
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40
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30
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20
Number of States With Lotteries
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1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Year
Louis Brandeis
State Lottery Adoption Over Time
Differing Needs and Preferences:
What Shapes State Minimum Wage Laws?
Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/view/quicktake/minimum-wages
City Ordinances
• San Francisco:
$15.00
• Seattle: $15.00
• Chicago: $13.00
• Oakland: $12.25
• Los Angeles (hotel
workers): $15.37
A Puzzle
• The Constitution establishes a system
of shared power between states and
the federal government.
• Why have the states and the
American people allowed the federal
government’s power to grow in the
past century?
Federalism as Solution to
Collective Action Problems
• The original problem:
Funding the
common defense
• Incentives to pollute:
Set national
standards for environmental laws
• Competition for industry can reduce tax
base and worker protections (federal
minimum wage)
Other Reasons National
Power Has Grown
• Constitutional Changes
– 16th Amendment: income tax
– 17th Amendment: direct election of senators
• National elections that focus on national
problems/solutions
• Supreme Court interpretation of vague
points in the Constitution
– How broad is the commerce clause?
Assignments
• For Friday: Read Bullock & Gaddie,
Chapter 8
• Chapters 4-5 critical thinking exercise
due at 11:59pm Wednesday.
–Login to ELC to complete.
• Also for Wednesday: Read Maltese,
Pika & Shively, pp. 108-133
Additional Material
Federal Influence on State Spending
• Grants-in-Aid
– General programs (e.g., infrastructure)
• Categorical Grants
– School lunches
• Revenue Sharing
– Interstate highways
• Block Grants
– 1995 welfare reform
• Contrast: Unfunded Mandates
– All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
Do People Get What They Want?
Opinion Liberalism v. Policy Liberalism
Future Day: Delegate v. Trustee Representation
6
CA
NY
MD DE
NM
2
WV
ME
WAIL
CO
SC
0
MO
IA
−2
NE
KS TX
IN
OK
MS
ND
SD
ID
AL
UT
TNAR
LA
NC
RI
NJ
NH
MI
OH
PA
WI
AZ
KY
VA
GA
−10
CT
OR
MT
−4
Public Policy Liberalism
4
MN
VT
MA
NV
WY
FL
0
10
Public Opinion Liberalism
20
Air Polluters in Georgia
33
32
31
Latitude
34
35
White dots=solid waste. Black plus signs=air polluters.
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−85
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Longitude
−82
−81