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PowerPoint® Clicker Questions
prepared by Heather
Williamson Jordan, Ph.D.,
University of Tennessee,
Knoxville
CHAPTER
15
Innate Immunity
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Each of the following choices is a way that the
epidermis acts as a nonspecific defense
EXCEPT ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
constant presence of T cells
acts as a physical barrier
continual cell turnover
presence of dendritic cells
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Each of the following choices is a way that the
epidermis acts as a nonspecific defense
EXCEPT ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
constant presence of T cells
acts as a physical barrier
continual cell turnover
presence of dendritic cells
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the role of ciliated cells in the human
airway?
a) to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from
the lungs
b) to prevent microbes from attaching
c) to sweep microbes trapped in mucus down to waiting
alveolar macrophages
d) to sweep microbes into the bloodstream, where they
can be attacked by complement proteins
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the role of ciliated cells in the human
airway?
a) to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from
the lungs
b) to prevent microbes from attaching
c) to sweep microbes trapped in mucus down to waiting
alveolar macrophages
d) to sweep microbes into the bloodstream, where they
can be attacked by complement proteins
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement best describes the
environment of the skin and its effect on
microbial growth?
a) The skin is simply a physical barrier to keep microbes
from entering the body.
b) The skin's defenses are minimal, and it is a suitable
environment for many microbes.
c) Salt, defensins, enzymes, and a low pH make the skin
inhospitable for all microbes.
d) The skin is inhospitable for most microbes, but some
normal microbiota are still present.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which statement best describes the
environment of the skin and its effect on
microbial growth?
a) The skin is simply a physical barrier to keep microbes
from entering the body.
b) The skin's defenses are minimal, and it is a suitable
environment for many microbes.
c) Salt, defensins, enzymes, and a low pH make the skin
inhospitable for all microbes.
d) The skin is inhospitable for most microbes, but
some normal microbiota are still present.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Antimicrobial peptides ________.
a) are enzymes that destroy cell walls of bacteria by
cleaving the bonds between the subunits of the walls
b) draw water osmotically from invading cells
c) secrete perspiration
d) are positively charged chains of 20 to 50 amino
acids that act against microorganisms
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Antimicrobial peptides ________.
a) are enzymes that destroy cell walls of bacteria by
cleaving the bonds between the subunits of the walls
b) draw water osmotically from invading cells
c) secrete perspiration
d) are positively charged chains of 20 to 50 amino
acids that act against microorganisms
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How do mucous membrane defenses differ from
skin defenses?
a) Mucous membranes contain many cell layers.
b) Sebum is present in mucous membranes.
c) Mucous membranes constantly shed and replace
cells.
d) Surface layers of mucous membranes are less
efficient barriers for pathogens than skin surface
layers.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How do mucous membrane defenses differ from
skin defenses?
a) Mucous membranes contain many cell layers.
b) Sebum is present in mucous membranes.
c) Mucous membranes constantly shed and replace
cells.
d) Surface layers of mucous membranes are less
efficient barriers for pathogens than skin surface
layers.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All of the following are ways that normal
microbiota help protect the body from
pathogens EXCEPT ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
they consume available nutrients
they can alter the pH
they keep the immune system stimulated and ready
they attack and kill pathogenic microbes
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All of the following are ways that normal
microbiota help protect the body from
pathogens EXCEPT ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
they consume available nutrients
they can alter the pH
they keep the immune system stimulated and ready
they attack and kill pathogenic microbes
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All of the following contribute to the first line of
defense EXCEPT ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
plasma reduces blood loss by clotting
vomiting eliminates microorganisms
saliva contains lysozyme
coagulation prevents entrance of many pathogens
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All of the following contribute to the first line of
defense EXCEPT ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
plasma reduces blood loss by clotting
vomiting eliminates microorganisms
saliva contains lysozyme
coagulation prevents entrance of many pathogens
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why are normal microbiota of the intestines
beneficial to humans?
a)
b)
c)
d)
They are neither beneficial nor harmful.
They provide us with folic acid.
They provide us with protein.
They provide us with vitamin D.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why are normal microbiota of the intestines
beneficial to humans?
a)
b)
c)
d)
They are neither beneficial nor harmful.
They provide us with folic acid.
They provide us with protein.
They provide us with vitamin D.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is NOT a function of
normal microbiota?
a)
b)
c)
d)
consumption of nutrients required by pathogens
production of mucus to trap pathogens
stimulation of host's second line of defense
creating a pH environment hostile to pathogens
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is NOT a function of
normal microbiota?
a)
b)
c)
d)
consumption of nutrients required by pathogens
production of mucus to trap pathogens
stimulation of host's second line of defense
creating a pH environment hostile to pathogens
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How does the stomach pose a barrier to
infection?
a) The grinding action of the stomach lyses pathogens.
b) The stomach is a center of immune activity.
c) The very acidic pH of the stomach kills most
potential pathogens.
d) The stomach is not a barrier to infection.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How does the stomach pose a barrier to
infection?
a) The grinding action of the stomach lyses pathogens.
b) The stomach is a center of immune activity.
c) The very acidic pH of the stomach kills most
potential pathogens.
d) The stomach is not a barrier to infection.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Some pathogens obtain iron by secreting
iron-binding proteins called ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
siderophores
lactoferrins
transferrins
hemoglobins
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Some pathogens obtain iron by secreting
iron-binding proteins called ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
siderophores
lactoferrins
transferrins
hemoglobins
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the primary function of neutrophils?
a)
b)
c)
d)
to phagocytize pathogens
to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
to aid in blood clotting
to clear away dead tissue
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the primary function of neutrophils?
a)
b)
c)
d)
to phagocytize pathogens
to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
to aid in blood clotting
to clear away dead tissue
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the function of erythrocytes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
to phagocytize any pathogens in the blood
to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
to aid in blood clotting
to transport nutrients in the blood
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the function of erythrocytes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
to phagocytize any pathogens in the blood
to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
to aid in blood clotting
to transport nutrients in the blood
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Phagocytes have Toll-like receptors on their
surface and NOD proteins in their cytoplasm
that help them recognize pathogenic microbes.
These receptors and proteins recognize
________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
self proteins
surface proteins
PAMPs
70S ribosomes
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Phagocytes have Toll-like receptors on their
surface and NOD proteins in their cytoplasm
that help them recognize pathogenic microbes.
These receptors and proteins recognize
________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
self proteins
surface proteins
PAMPs
70S ribosomes
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the term for the process in which
pathogens are coated with antimicrobial
proteins to increase the likelihood of
phagocytosis?
a)
b)
c)
d)
opsonization
chemotaxis
diapedesis
endocytosis
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the term for the process in which
pathogens are coated with antimicrobial
proteins to increase the likelihood of
phagocytosis?
a)
b)
c)
d)
opsonization
chemotaxis
diapedesis
endocytosis
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the primary function of eosinophils?
a)
b)
c)
d)
to coat pathogens with antimicrobial proteins
to engulf Gram-negative bacteria
to attach to and attack parasitic worms
to aid in blood clotting
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the primary function of eosinophils?
a)
b)
c)
d)
to coat pathogens with antimicrobial proteins
to engulf Gram-negative bacteria
to attach to and attack parasitic worms
to aid in blood clotting
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is NOT an outcome of the
activation of the complement system?
a)
b)
c)
d)
opsonization of microbes
inflammation
lysis of the microbe
prevention of infection by microbes
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is NOT an outcome of the
activation of the complement system?
a)
b)
c)
d)
opsonization of microbes
inflammation
lysis of the microbe
prevention of infection by microbes
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
________ is produced by activated T
lymphocytes and by natural killer lymphocytes.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Beta interferon
Complement
Gamma interferon
Defensin
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
________ is produced by activated T
lymphocytes and by natural killer lymphocytes.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Beta interferon
Complement
Gamma interferon
Defensin
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which pathway of complement activation acts in
conjunction with the action of antibodies?
a)
b)
c)
d)
the classical pathway
the alternative pathway
the lectin pathway
the attack pathway
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which pathway of complement activation acts in
conjunction with the action of antibodies?
a)
b)
c)
d)
the classical pathway
the alternative pathway
the lectin pathway
the attack pathway
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the function of the membrane attack
complex?
a)
b)
c)
d)
to phagocytize pathogens
to opsonize pathogens
to cause the release of interferon
to form a circular hole in the membrane of
pathogens
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the function of the membrane attack
complex?
a)
b)
c)
d)
to phagocytize pathogens
to opsonize pathogens
to cause the release of interferon
to form a circular hole in the membrane of
pathogens
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All of the following are signs and symptoms of
inflammation EXCEPT ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
redness
pus
heat
swelling
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All of the following are signs and symptoms of
inflammation EXCEPT ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
redness
pus
heat
swelling
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The process in which leukocytes adhere to
receptors of blood vessels at the site of infection
is ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
margination
vasodilation
migration
inflammation
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The process in which leukocytes adhere to
receptors of blood vessels at the site of infection
is ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
margination
vasodilation
migration
inflammation
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why is vasodilation a beneficial response if the
body is invaded by pathogens?
a) Pathogens are engulfed by the increased number of
erythrocytes.
b) Pathogens are overwhelmed by platelets.
c) More blood, oxygen, and nutrients are delivered to the
site of infection.
d) all of the above
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why is vasodilation a beneficial response if the
body is invaded by pathogens?
a) Pathogens are engulfed by the increased number of
erythrocytes.
b) Pathogens are overwhelmed by platelets.
c) More blood, oxygen, and nutrients are delivered to
the site of infection.
d) all of the above
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the physiological trigger for a fever?
a)
b)
c)
d)
pyrogens
complement
interferons
bradykinin
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the physiological trigger for a fever?
a)
b)
c)
d)
pyrogens
complement
interferons
bradykinin
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How is a fever beneficial for fighting an
infection?
a) A fever is only beneficial for viral infections.
b) The higher temperature inhibits the growth of some
microbes.
c) A fever is just a sign of infection and is not beneficial.
d) A fever is only beneficial for helminth infections.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How is a fever beneficial for fighting an
infection?
a) A fever is only beneficial for viral infections.
b) The higher temperature inhibits the growth of
some microbes.
c) A fever is just a sign of infection and is not beneficial.
d) A fever is only beneficial for helminth infections.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If someone has a fever, why does his or her
skin often feel cool to the touch?
a) because during a fever, the body conserves heat
b) because during a fever, blood vessels are dilated
c) because during a fever, a person sweats and the
sweat is cool
d) because during a fever, blood vessels are
constricted
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
If someone has a fever, why does his or her
skin often feel cool to the touch?
a) because during a fever, the body conserves heat
b) because during a fever, blood vessels are dilated
c) because during a fever, a person sweats and the
sweat is cool
d) because during a fever, blood vessels are
constricted
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.