Download Protist Notes 2017

Kingdom Protista
Chapter 19
Kingdom Protista – “Catch all”
 Eukaryotes
 Unicellular and Multicellular (MOST are
Unicellular!)
 Autotrophic or heterotrophic – classified by the
way they obtain food!
 Some have cell walls
 Many have structures specific for movement.
Types of Protists
 Animal-like Protists
 Plant-like Protists
 Fungus-like Protists
Animal-like Protists
 Typically heterotrophic, motile, unicellular
 Live in water, but can be found in moist soil
 Grouped by method of locomotion
Phylum Zoomastigina:
Zooflagellates
 Move by flagella
 Live symbiotically
Examples:1. Trichonympha
collaris – termites
2. Tyrpanosoma brucei
– tsetse fly that causes
sleeping sickness
Sarcodines
Amoeba
 Unicellular
 Reproduce by binary
fission
 Move by psuedopods
“false foot”
 Feed by phagocytosis
 Can cause dysentery
Sarcodines
Amoeba
Phylum Ciliophora: Ciliates
Paramecium
 Use cilia for feeding
and movement.
 Discharge trichocysts
to disable prey
 Reproduce sexually
and asexually
Phylum Ciliophora: Ciliates
Paramecium
Trichocysts
Lysosomes
Oral groove
Gullet
Anal pore
Contractile vacuole
Micronucleus
Macronucleus
Food vacuoles
Cilia
Phylum
Sporozoa
 Nonmotile parasites
 Form spores
Example: Plasmodium vivax causes malaria
 Infected female Anopheles mosquito
 Cells bursts, high fever and severe chills
Malaria
Plant-like Protists
 Chlorophyll and accessory pigments allow
algae to harvest and use the energy from
sunlight.
Euglenophytes: Euglena
Chloroplast
Carbohydrate
storage bodies
Gullet
Pellicle
Flagella
Eyespot
• Unicellular
•Moves by flagella
•Heterotrophic or autotrophic
Nucleus
Contractile
vacuole
Diatoms
 Produce cell walls rich in
silica (Si – the main
ingredient in glass)
Dinoflagellates
 Half are photosynthetic and
the other half are
heterotrophic
 Warm surface waters cause
“blooms”
 Red tide can paralyze
humans
 Many have luminescence
Plant-like Protists - Algae
 Live in water and photosynthesize (produce much of
the earth’s oxygen)
 Named for the type of chlorophyll and accessory
pigments they contain - Green, golden brown, brown,
and red
 Produce food that maintains communities in oceans and
fresh water
 Alternation of Generations

Many algae switch back and forth between the diploid and
haploid stages during their life cycle
Red, Brown, and Green Algae
Red Algae:• live at great depths due to
their efficiency in harvesting
light energy
• contain chlorophyll a and
reddish accessory pigments
called phycobilins
• Reflect red light
• Important for coral reefs
Red, Brown, and Green Algae
Brown algae:• contain chlorophyll a and c, as
well as a brown accessory
pigment, fucoxanthin
• Giant kelp: largest known
algae
Red, Brown, and Green Algae
Green Algae:• share many characteristics
with plants, including their
photosynthetic pigments
and cell wall composition
• Unicellular- or Multicellular
• Colonial
Unicellular Green Algae
Chlamydomonas
Colonial Green Algae
Volvox
 Chlamydomonas
Filamentous Green Algae
Spirogira
Multicellular
Green Algae
Fungus-like Protists


Lack chlorophyll
Decomposers: absorb dead and decaying organic
matter
 Not classified as true fungi as they do not contain
chitin their cell walls.
Examples:1) Slime molds are fungus-like protists that play key
roles in recycling organic material
2) Water molds thrive on dead or decaying organic
matter in water and are plant parasites on land.
Role of Protists
 Serve as food in aquatic food chains
 Phytoplankton carry out more than 70% of Earth’s
photosynthesis.
 Protozoans are predators of bacteria.
 Algae (seaweed) are used in food products: wrap
sushi, added as thickener and flavor enhancer to
milk shakes, ice cream, soups, puddings, cake
frostings
 Diatoms are used in insulation, filters, detergents,
abrasives, and as polishing agents in toothpaste