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Locate, Label, and Color the 3 territories ,10 provinces, and the following Physical Features of Canada Gulf of Alaska Hudson Bay Great Lakes Rocky Mountains St. Lawrence River 3 territories 10 provinces Ontario Quebec Prince Edward Island New Brunswick Newfoundland & Labrador Nova Scotia British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Yukon Territory Northwest Nunavut Canada Canada is a federation (union) of 10 provinces and 3 territories. John Cabot John Cabot landed on the Atlantic coast of North America, claiming it for England. Cabot's discovery led to England's interest in what is now Atlantic Canada, especially the fishery and furs Fast Facts For Canada Second largest country in the world Canada extends across the continent of North America Canada is slightly larger than its southern neighbor (United States) 75% of people live within 100 miles of the southern border Most of rest is uninhabited or thinly populated Rugged terrain and a severe climate Ottawa-capital Toronto-largest city Highest peak-Mount Logan Fast Facts For Canada Land of great variety Contains mountains, lakes, and forests Fields of wheat and other grains cover vast prairies Most of the nation's largest population centers and industrial areas are near the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River in central Canada. They are the major aquatic trading highways for Canada In the east, fishing villages and sandy beaches line the Atlantic coast Cultural Fun Facts: Religions, Sports, Education, & Food Most are Roman Catholic & Protestant Winter sports- skiing, snowboarding, skating, and tobogganing Summer sports include swimming, canoeing, fishing, hiking, tennis, and golf Professional sports teams Most are well-educated Food is similar to how Americans eat, but less fastfood Climate/Terrain The climate varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north The terrain is mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast Early Inhabitants of Canada First Nations hunters migrated from Asia to North America across Beringia, a land bridge that connected Alaska and Siberia. They subsequently settled every part of what is now called Canada. They were commonly called Intuits or Eskimos that hunted and gathered food People Like Canada's landscape, the country's people are also varied. Nearly half of all Canadians have ancestors who came from England, Ireland, Scotland, or Wales. What continent are those countries located? Europe ¼ of Canadians have French ancestry. B/C of this the Canadian government recognizes both English and French as official languages. Most French Canadians live in the province of Quebec, and have kept the language and many customs of their ancestors. People Other ethnic groups include German, Italian, Ukrainian, and Chinese people. Large numbers of Asians live in Western Canada and Ontario Native peoples—American Indians and Inuit—make up a small percentage of the nation's population. Based on the majority of ethnic groups found in Canada what country do you think colonized Canada before it became independent? Europe Quebec Quebec differs greatly from the rest of Canada because of its French language and culture. The French explorer Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec City, the first permanent European settlement in Canada, in 1608. Quebec remained a French colony until the United Kingdom gained control of it in 1763. Today, about 80 percent of Quebec's people are of French descent. French is the official language of Quebec. In the past, the Roman Catholic Church dominated Quebec's politics and daily life. Today, the church generally has a less important role in the lives of the people of Quebec. For example, the feast day of Saint Jean Baptiste (Saint John the Baptist) in June is now celebrated largely as a secular (nonreligious) holiday. It serves as an occasion for the French-speaking people of Quebec to display their pride in their province. Quebec is the largest province, and the second largest in population. Montreal, Quebec's largest city, is the hub of the province's economic and cultural life. The largest industries in the Quebec region are service industries and manufacturing. Other important economic activities include agriculture, mining, forestry, and fishing. Quebec Quebec's French-speaking citizens are called Quebecois Controversial-Quebec's legislature has passed a number of laws dealing with language issues 1970's--passed laws that: made French the language of government and business banned the use of English on commercial signs (laws were eventually changed) Bilingual commercial signs are okay now as long as the French lettering is larger than the English Natural Resources/Economy A wealth of natural resources can be found in Canada. European settlers first came to Canada to fish in its coastal waters, and to trap the fur-bearing animals in its forests. Forests were sources of timber for shipbuilding and other construction. Today, pulpwood from these forests enables (allow) Canada to lead the world in the production of newsprint (paper for newspapers). Fertile soil helps Canada rank among the world's leading wheat producers. Power plants on its rivers allows Canada to be the leader in the generation of hydroelectric power. Plentiful resources of petroleum, iron ore, timber and other minerals provide raw materials that help make Canada a top manufacturing nation. Trade/Economy Canada ranks among the leading countries in the world in international trade. The nation's exports total hundreds of billions of dollars annually. About three-fourths of Canada's trade, both exports and imports, is with the United States. Automobiles and automobile parts, chemicals, and various kinds of machinery are exported and imported by both countries. Canada's chief trading partners, besides the United States, include China, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. North American Free Trade Agreement The North American Free Trade Agreement or (NAFTA) offers Canadian-based companies access to U.S. and Mexican markets. Unique economic ties are reinforced by easy travelling distances between the key U.S. markets and all major Canadian urban centers, as well as outstanding NorthSouth transportation links. Environmental Issues air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affects lakes and damages forests metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impact agricultural and forest productivity ocean waters become contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities Government Canada is an independent, self-governing nation. Constitution Act of 1982 recognizes the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, as queen of Canada. This position symbolizes the country's historic ties to the United Kingdom. Why?? The United Kingdom ruled Canada completely until 1848, when Canada began to gain control of its domestic affairs. United Kingdom continued to govern Canada's foreign affairs. In 1931, Canada gained full independence. Government Canada is a constitutional monarchy that is also a parliamentary democracy and a federation Constitutional Monarchy-a system of government in which a monarch is guided by a constitution whereby his/her rights, duties, and responsibilities are spelled out in written law or by custom. Federal (Federation) - a form of government in which sovereign power is formally divided - usually by means of a constitution - between a central authority and a number of constituent regions (states, colonies, or provinces) so that each region retains some management of its internal affairs; differs from a confederacy in that the central government exerts influence directly upon both individuals as well as upon the regional units. Parliamentary democracy - a political system in which the legislature (parliament) selects the government - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor along with the cabinet ministers - according to party strength as expressed in elections; by this system, the government acquires a dual responsibility: to the people as well as to the parliament. Executive Branch Chief of State: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Michaelle JEAN (since 27 September 2005) Head of Government: Prime Minister Stephen HARPER (since 6 February 2006) Cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons is automatically designated prime minister by the governor general Legislative Branch Bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of: Senate or Senat (105 seats; members appointed by the governor general with the advice of the prime minister and serve until reaching 75 years of age) House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (308 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms starting in 2009 elections Judicial Branch Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general) Federal Court of Canada Federal Court of Appeal Provincial Courts Regions of Canada Canada has six cultural and economic regions. They are: Atlantic Provinces Lie on the Atlantic Ocean-Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia Important fishing centers that provide most of Canada’s fish Agriculture, mining, and manufacturing are important to the region Quebec Mostly French language and culture Founded by Samuel de Champlain in 1608 80% of Quebec are French because of its French colonization and settlement Largest province and second most populated Montreal is the largest city and hub for culture and economic life Economic activities are agriculture, mining, forestry, and fishing Ontario Most populated province in Canada Fur trading was a major economic activity in 1600’s The southern boundary passes through 4 of the 5 Great Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario Produces half of Canada’s manufactured goods Toronto is the capital and is the largest city in Canada Prairie Provinces These provinces are Alberta, Saskatchewan, Monitoba British Columbia The province lies on the Pacific Ocean British Columbia's largest city, Vancouver, has Canada's busiest port two-thirds of the province’s people have some British or Irish ancestry. Other large ethnic groups include German and French. British Columbia has a higher percentage of Asians than any other province Evergreen forests cover much of British Columbia, many people work in the logging and wood-processing industries. Other major economic activities include agriculture, fishing, and mining. The territories are: Yukon, Northwest, and Nunavut territories make up more than a third of Canada's land area B/C of remote location and severe climate, few of the nation's people live there The terrain in Yukon and in the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories consists mainly of forest-covered mountains. Most of the rest of the region is a frozen wasteland for much of the year. The territories have rich mineral deposits, and mining is the chief economic activity. Jasper National Park- Rockies Interior Plains of Canada Park in the Canadian Shield Assignment Choices 1) What would the U.S. be like today if we were colonized by the French instead of the English. Give course descriptions of the classes offered at your school based on the French influence. 2) Is the U.S. better at everything? Role play a Canadian soccer team arguing with an American football team about what sport is best. 3) Discuss the attributes of Canada. Create a slogan and a poster to attract tourists. 4) Create an Acrostic poem exemplifying Canadian attributes.
