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Drill-pd 4
2/23/16
• Describe the difference between
diploid and haploid.
• What is the purpose of crossing
over?
• Describe the difference between
diploid and haploid. Cells with two sets of
chromosomes are diploid (2n) and one set are
haploid.(n).
• What is the purpose of crossing
over? Permits the exchange of genetic
material between mom and dad chromosomes.
Objective
SWBAT
• Define and give examples of terms related
to the topic of Genetics.
Agenda
• Genetics Vocabulary Challenge
• Videos
• Work on HW
Genetics Vocabulary
GENETICS
Vocabulary
Word
Genetics
Definition
The study of
how traits are
passed
from parents to
offspring
Other Things to
Know…
Gregor Mendel
-pioneer in
genetics
-crossed peas to
show how traits
were passed on
HEREDITY
Vocabulary
Word
Heredity
Definition
Other Things to
Know…
The transmission of Important for
traits from parents
appearance and
to their offspring
study of genetic
diseases
TRAIT
Vocabulary
Word
Trait
Definition
A category within
which alternate
characteristics can
be observed
Other Things to
Know…
Examples of
traits:
hair color,
eye color,
height
GENE
Vocabulary
Word
Gene
Definition
A segment of DNA
that codes
for a protein – a unit
of hereditary
information
Other Things to
Know…
Found on
chromosomes
within the
nucleus
ALLELES
Vocabulary
Word
Definition
An alternate form
of a gene (trait)
Alleles
Other Things to
Know…
Ex: Everyone
has an eye color,
but there are
different types:
blue, brown, etc.
DOMINANT vs. RECESSIVE
Vocabulary
Word
Dominant
Definition
Other Things to
Know…
An allele that masks
the presence of
another allele
for the same
trait
-Shown with a
capital letter
(ex: A, T, G).
-Will always be
seen if present.
Vocabulary
Word
Recessive
Definition
Other Things to
Know…
An allele that is
masked by the
presence of another
allele for the same
trait
-Shown with a
lower case letter
(ex: a, t, g).
-Will only be
seen if both
alleles for a trait
are recessive.
Vocabulary
Word
Definition
Referring to a gene
pair in which the
Homozygous two alleles code
for the same trait
Other Things to
Know…
Written as:
AA or aa
Vocabulary
Word
Definition
Referring to a gene
pair in which the
Heterozygous two alleles do not
code for the same
trait
Other Things to
Know…
Written as:
Aa
LAW OF SEGREGATION
Vocabulary
Word
Definition
Law stating that
pairs of genes
Law of
separate in meiosis
Segregation and each gamete
receives one gene
of a pair
Other Things to
Know…
Allows each
parent to
contribute half the
Chromosomes.
LAW OF INDEPENDENT
ASSORTMENT
Vocabulary
Word
Law of
Independent
Assortment
Definition
Other Things to
Know…
Different genes sort
separately from
each other.
The gene for
eye color sorts
separately
from hair color,
and skin color,
etc…
GENOTYPE vs. PHENOTYPE
Vocabulary
Word
Genotype
Definition
Other Things to
Know…
The genetic makeup
of an organism
Written with the
letters of alleles:
Aa, TT, bb, etc.
Vocabulary
Word
Phenotype
Definition
The external
(physical)
appearance of an
organism that is
determined by the
individual’s
genotype
Other Things to
Know…
Written as the
Physical Trait:
Brown hair,
blue eyes,
short, etc.
HOMOZYGOUS vs. HETEROZYGOUS
PUREBRED
Vocabulary
Word
Purebred
Definition
An organism that is
homozygous for
a trait
Other Things to
Know…
Ex: AA or aa
HYBRID
Vocabulary
Word
Hybrid
Definition
An organism that
is heterozygous
for a trait
Other Things to
Know…
Ex: Aa
PROBABILITY
Vocabulary
Word
Probability
Definition
Other Things to
Know…
The likelihood
that something
will happen
Ex: dice,
coin-flipping,
chance of have
blue eyes, etc.
PUNNETT SQUARE
Vocabulary
Word
Punnett
Square
Definition
A model used to
determine the
probabilities of the
results of a genetic
cross
Other Things to
Know…
Mom’s alleles
go together on
one side and
Dad’s go together
on the other.
Drill # 15
2/20/14
• Which of these best describes the correct
sequence in the expression of a trait?
a)trait → gene → enzyme
b)gene → protein → trait
c)protein → gene → trait
d)gene → trait → DNA
Drill #17
3/2/15
• How would our lab results change if a
larger population was polled? Why?
SWBAT
• Explain Mendel’s experiment
• Demonstrate how the results of his
experiment paved the path to
understanding genes.
Agenda
• PTC Extension
• Mendel notes
Drill # 15
2/20/14
• Which of these best describes the correct
sequence in the expression of a trait?
a)trait → gene → enzyme
b)gene → protein → trait
c)protein → gene → trait
d)gene → trait → DNA
Lab Reports
Data tables and graphs must have:
• proper titles that identify independent and
dependent variables
• properly labeled axes
Conclusion must:
•
•
•
•
identify whether the hypothesis was supported
use data to support your claim
connect with previous research
identify sources of errors, relevance of findings and
new problems.
• http://science.discovery.com/tvshows/greatest-discoveries/videos/100greatest-discoveries-shorts-genetics.htm
Gregor Mendel
• Founder of genetics (study of heredity)
• Monk who lived in a monastery
• Studied garden pea plants
– Researched heredity=
the passing of genetic traits
from parent to offspring
MENDEL’S EXPERIMENTS
• Pollinated pea plants
– Self-pollination
• Transfer of pollen to same flower or
plant
– Cross pollination
• Transfer of pollen between 2 different
plants
• Studied 7 pea plant characteristics
– Height, pea color, seed texture, seed
color,
flower color, etc.
Pea Plant Characteristics
Genes
•
•
Genes-part of the DNA on a
chromosome that controls a
particular trait
Alleles- alternate forms of a gene
– 2 types
1. Dominant-masks
•
Capital letters: A, R, F, T, B
2. Recessive-the masked
•
Lowercase letters: a, r, f, t, b
Examples
• Homozygous dominant
– BB
• Homozygous recessive
– bb
• Heterozygous
– Bb
Drill #16
2/26/15
• What process produces male and female
sex cells in plants?
a)mitosis
b)meiosis
c)replication
d)fertilization
Sample Question
• What process produces male and female
sex cells in plants?
a)mitosis
b)meiosis
c)replication
d)fertilization
Sample Question
• A pair of laboratory mice are crossed to obtain
offspring. Three alleles found in the female
gamete are ABC. Three alleles found in the male
gamete are Abc.
• What is formed when a male gamete combines
with a female gamete?
a)
b)
c)
d)
zygote
egg
sperm
chromosome
Sample Question
• A pair of laboratory mice are crossed to obtain
offspring. Three alleles found in the female
gamete are ABC. Three alleles found in the male
gamete are Abc.
• What is formed when a male gamete combines
with a female gamete?
a)
b)
c)
d)
zygote
egg
sperm
chromosome
Sample Question
• Apomixis is a type of asexual reproduction
in which adult plants grow directly from
egg cells. Which of these does not occur
during apomixis?
a)
b)
c)
d)
mitosis
translation
fertilization
transcription
Sample Question
• Apomixis is a type of asexual reproduction
in which adult plants grow directly from
egg cells. Which of these does not occur
during apomixis?
a)
b)
c)
d)
mitosis
translation
fertilization
transcription
Sample Questions
• Which of these make up the primary link
between a gene and the expression of a
trait?
a)
b)
c)
d)
proteins
sugars
lipids
vitamins
Sample Questions
• Which of these make up the primary link
between a gene and the expression of a
trait?
a)
b)
c)
d)
proteins
sugars
lipids
vitamins