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Chapter 5 : theories &
therapies
Theory : statement that describe or explains •
relationship among events ,concept ,or ideas
Early theory : appear through observation •
&deducation ,while modern theory based on
observation & research
-with theory we should use model •
Model : an example or pattern that help explain •
atheory
e.g : amodel of airplan used to explain theory of •
flight
benefits of model & theory on
human life ;
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-they explain their behavior
2-describe psychodynamic of;
basic needs
drives
conflict
perception
values
attitude
belief system
cultural influences
3-describe the relation ship among people
4-explain various aspect of human life & environment
Historical theory : •
1-darwans theory •
‫البقاء‬- based on concept that nature will throw the weak & preserve the strong
‫لألقوى‬
Whose the weak individual : •
1-unsuccessful in his life •
2-poverty •
3- diseased •
4-alcholism •
5- mental illness •
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Psychoanalytic theory : •
Sigmund freud •
He explain that the individual through his emotion & thoughts away in the
area of unconscious because it willcause harmful sensation to them
-also patient is unaware of his behavior •
He focus on •
1- personality •
2-certain emotional disorder •
3-defence mechanism •
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Brain structure formed by three structure •
Id –ego –super ego
Id : governed by pleasure principle & avoidance of pain
Ego: conscious mind at 2 years old •
Superego :last to develop
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Concern with
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Attitude
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Values
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Role expectation •
Taboos •
Rules •
Ideals
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Standards •
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Two parts of superego ; •
1-conscience ( punishment & rewards ) •
2-un conscience conflict present & •
superego intervene
Also he focus on libido energy ( sexual desire 0 •
He describe defense mechanism as psychological strategies c •
By which person reduce or avoid negative state such as conflict ,frustration
,anxiety & stress
-individual not aware of using these defense mechanism •
The goal of using defense mechanism : •
To reduce uncomfortable negative emotions •
Individual psychotherapy •
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Inferiority ; •
Being inadequate or less than others •
Children : gain mastery over the environment
Cognitive development ( piaget ): •
Focus on intellectual function •
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table 5-2 •
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behavioral THEORY : Pavlov •
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all behavior is learned •
source of behavior ; •
past learning •
current motivation •
biological differences •
when behavior show success it reinforced & •
repeated
dysfunctional behavior :result from learned maladaptive behavior
characteristics of behavior : •
objective
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observable
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measurable
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all behavior is response to stimuli
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psychosocial development (erikson stages )* •
(table 5-3) •
-stimuls response theory
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Gestalt theory whole theory •
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Maslow hierarchy of needs ( 5-1) figure
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Box 5-1
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Logo therapy: persons need to search for meaning & value for life
Cognitive theory
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To know
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Box 5-2 ( problem solving process ) •
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Sociocultural theory
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Biobehavioral theory :follow the medical model (illness is the result of •
abnormalities in the structure ,function ,or chemistry of the body
History ,physical examination ,laboratory test ,ct ,ecg ,mri assist in •
diagnosis
Stress adapatation theory •
Which include general adaptation syndrome in the three stages •
1-alarm •
2- resistance •
3-exhaustion ( figure 5-2 •
Psychobiology •
The study of biochemical foundation of thought mood ,emotion ,& behavior
-learn ABOUT MOOD DISORDER •
Schizophrenia ,language disorder •
-mental illness relate to •
Gentics •
Neurotransmitter hypo or hyperactivity •
Viruses exposure •
Fetal development •
Immunosystem dysfunction •
@ neuropsychology •
@psychoneuro-immunology (PNI) •
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Psychotherapy ; •
Treating of mental & emotional disorder by psychological rather than physical means
psychoanalysis
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behavioral theapies •
cognitive therapies
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crisis intervention
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hypnosis
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types of psychotherapy
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individual therapies
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client centerd therapy
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group therapies
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on line therapy •
somatic therapy •
pharmacotherapy •