Download Communicable Diseases/ Infectious Diseases What is an Infectious

Communicable Diseases/ Infectious Diseases
What is an Infectious Disease?
 Infectious diseases are illnesses ________ by microorganisms
 Microorganisms are small things found____________
 Most do not cause disease and actually help your body function normally
 Certain ones do ___________ infectious Diseases that can spread directly or indirectly
 These are known as contagious or communicable diseases
 They are passed from person to person, _______, or animal
How Diseases Are Spread
•Touching
•Coughing/Sneezing
•___________
•Sexual Contact
Causes of Communicable Diseases
 Pathogens are ______ organisms that cause communicable diseases
 Infection occur when pathogens enter the body, _________, and damage cells
 Bacteria-tiny one-celled organisms that live nearly _____________
 Common types: strep throat ( if not taken care of can cause heart damage), boils, bacterial
pneumonia, impetigo, sinus infection, tuberculosis, __________
 Virus- smallest disease causing organism, not alive, cannot reproduce on their own
 Common types- measles, mumps, chicken pox, common cold, influenza, ______________
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Preventing the Spread of Diseases
Good hygiene
_____ ____________
Take warm showers
Eat properly
____ ___________ __________
Use clean utensils
Do not share drinking glasses with others
Wear suitable clothing outside and use insect repellant
_________________________________________________
Avoid contact with contagious people
Cover your mouth-sneezing or coughing
Stay away during contagious period- length of time when a particular disease can spread from
person to person
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How Pathogens Are Spread
_______ contact with the infected person
__________ contact with an infected person
Contact with a vector- an organism such as an insect, that transmits pathogens
Other contacts- drink or eat after someone, uncooked meat, receive blood contaminated
Carriers- bacteria can remain ____________ in the lungs of some people because they do
exhibit any symptoms of the disease. Carriers get rid by taking medicine and living a healthy
lifestyle.
Antibiotics
Drugs that can kill or slow the growth of bacteria
Can be made from bacteria and mold
Penicillin was the first discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming on accident
1940 is when it became available to people
It is important to take _____ of the medicine to ensure to get rid of all the bacteria
The Body’s Defense Against Infection
Immune system- main line of defense- cells, tissues, and organs that fight off pathogens and
disease
 Immunity- body’s ability to resist germs that cause particular disease
 Two major kinds of _____________ strategies:
 Nonspecific Response-Inflammation or increased blood flow to affected area, send white blood
cells to speed to the __________ area and destroy invading pathogens
 Specific Response- Set in motion if it survives non-specific response, more ____________, it can
recognize this pathogen if it enters the body again.
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The Body’s Defense Against Infection
 Lymphatic System- secondary circulatory system that helps the body fight pathogens and
maintain its fluid balance
 Lymphocytes _________ to antigens that are released by invading pathogens
 Our body produces antibodies –proteins to attach to antigens and keep them from harming us
 Immune Response- B cells-____________ of antibodies and T cells- ________pathogens
 Vaccines-preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that is injected into the body to cause the
immune system to produce antibodies
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections
Disease that can be ___________ from person to person by any form of sexual contact.
STD/Is can be caused by___________, viruses, fungi, or parasites
Some STD/Is can cause lasting pain and infertility or the ____________ to produce children
Some can cause brain damage, paralysis, and death
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Practicing Abstinence
Sexual abstinence is the _________to take part in sexual activity
Can avoid contracting STI
There are ______ vaccines for STIs
Your body _________ build immunity to STIs
Responsible Behavior
 Choose your friends carefully- they should share your morals and values
 ___________________________________________________________
 Know your limits and communicate them with your date before you go out
 _____________________________________________________________
 Seek advice from a trusted adult on handling difficult situations
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Common STI/D’s
___________________
Human Papillomavirus
Genital Herpes
___________________
Syphilis
Trichomoniasis
______________________
Nongonocceal urethritis
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Other Infections
 _______________________________
 Vaginal Yeast Infections
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What is AIDS?
Deadly disease that affects the body’s _____________ ability to fight infection
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS
The only way to tell if infected is through a ___________ test
There is ____ vaccine to prevent infection of HIV and no cure for AIDS
Carriers appear healthy but can pass HIV to others
What does HIV do to the Body?
 Attacks immune system, activates B cells and destroys T cells
 Symptoms
o Swollen lymph nodes, __________, diarrhea, weight loss, fever
 Presence of opportunistic infection- infection that rarely occurs in a healthy person
How HIV Can Spread
 ___________________________
 Mother to Child
 ____________________________
 Blood Transfusion
How HIV Can NOT Spread
 Not spread through the _______________
 Not spread through kissing- _____________ mouth. Open mouth, only if both people have sore
 Not spread through casual contact- shaking hands
 Not spread by mosquitoes that have____________ an infected person
 Not spread by sharing eating utensils with an infected person
 Not spread by _______________________blood
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Preventing the Spread of HIV
Avoid sexual contact
___________________________