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Transcript
Ticks and Lyme Disease What’s the connection? What do I need to know? Committed to making Lyme disease easy to diagnose and simple to cure bayarealyme.org Photograph: Ervic Aquino What is a Tick? • Ticks are not insects, they are arachnids (Spiders are also arachnids). • Ticks are external parasites that live off of the blood of other animals – mostly small mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. © 2015 Bay Area Lyme Foundation 2 The lifecycle of a tick is 2 years long! © 2015 Bay Area Lyme Foundation 3 What is Lyme disease? Lyme disease is an infection that can be contracted through a tick bite. © 2015 Bay Area Lyme Foundation 4 Visual sign of Lyme Disease: • Expanding rash (bull’s-eye) 3-30 days following tick bite* • Round, oval, triangular, irregular shaped rash • Rash is not normally itchy or painful Bull’s-eye rash This rash may be confused with allergic reactions to tick bites. (However, allergic reactions occur within 24 hours of the bite and they do not spread) *The rash does not appear on everyone who has been exposed to Lyme disease—it’s only 43-70% of cases. © 2015 Bay Area Lyme Foundation 5 Other signs of Lyme disease: • Within days of exposure: • • • Flu-like symptoms—fever, chills, fatigue, muscle aches, joint pain, headache, swollen lymph nodes Within weeks to months of exposure: • Musculo-skeletal: arthritis in one or more joints • Nervous system problems: Bell’s Palsy, numbness, tingling, or pain in the arms and legs • Heart problems (<10%): disturbances in the heart rhythm Within months to years of exposure: • Musculo-skeletal: severe joint pain & swelling (60% of patients) • Neurologic complaints: shooting pains, numbness, tingling, problems with short-term memory © 2015 Bay Area Lyme Foundation 6 How common is Lyme disease? Reported Cases of Lyme Disease by Year, United States, 1995-2013 Number of CDC-Reported Cases © 2015 Bay Area Lyme Foundation CDC-Estimated Total Diagnosed Cases 7 http://www.bayarealyme.org/our-research/ecology-lyme-disease/ How common is Lyme disease in California? © 2015 Bay Area Lyme Foundation 8 Eisen et al. 2006 Am J Trop Med Hyg How to avoid Lyme disease… • Check for ticks every day • Ticks can be very small—so feel for bumps (especially on the scalp) • Ticks like certain parts of the body: groin, armpits, around the waistband, backs of knees, naval, neck and ears (be sure to check those areas) • When hiking, walk in the middle of the trail • Avoid bushes, grasses, leaf piles, logs and tree trunks • Wear light-colored clothing covering ankles and wrists • Ticks crawl UP, so tuck pants into socks • Consider treating clothing with insect repellent • If you find a tick on you, stay calm and find an adult! © 2015 Bay Area Lyme Foundation 9 Our Hero: The Western Fence Lizard! There are proteins in the blood of this lizard that kill the Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria! The proteins in the blood of the lizard are like a neutralizing agent and the bacteria is unable to survive This means that this lizard could help stop the spread of Lyme disease! © 2015 Bay Area Lyme Foundation 10 What to do if you get bitten: • • Find an adult immediately to help you! Using fine point/needle nose tweezers, grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible (do NOT use wide/square ended tweezers). • Gently pull the tick straight out, using a firm steady motion. • Wash your hands and the bite site with soap and water. Apply an antiseptic to the bite site. • Prompt tick removal can prevent transmission of infection. • DON’T USE matches/lighters etc. http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/121-a120/ © 2015 Bay Area Lyme Foundation 11