Download Anatomy and Physiology Name: Chapter 6 DRO Period: Bones

Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 6 DRO
Bones, Sutures, Teeth, Processes and Foramina of the Human Skull
Name:
Period:
Bones of the Human Skull
Bones of the
Cranium:
Frontal bone:
forms the forehead and the roof of the orbits
Parietal bones:
(2): Posterior to the frontal bone- forms roof and superior walls of
cranium
Occipital bone:
Occipital Bone: forms the posterior and inferior portions of the
cranium
Temporal bones:
(2): found below the parietal bones- contains many anatomical
features such as the external acoustic meatus, eardrum,
mandibular fossa, mastoid and styloid processes.
Sphenoid bone:
(greater and
lesser wings)
forms the floor of the cranium, braces the sides of the skull and
acts like a bridge between the cranial and facial bones.
Ethmoid bone:
anterior to the sphenoid bone: honeycombed masses of bone.
Forms part of the cranial floor, contributes to the medial surface
of the orbits and forms the roof and sides of the nasal cavity.
Vomer:
*Along with the ethmoid bone forms part of the nasal cavity
*Articulates with the palatine bones
Palatine bone:
*forms the posterior portion of the hard palate
*contributes to the floor of the naval cavity
*forms part of the floor of the orbits
Bones of the Face:
Maxilla:
upper jaw- forms the floor and medial portion of the orbit, forms
the walls of the nasal cavity, and the anterior roof of the mouth.
Zygomatic
bones:
articulates with frontal and maxillary bones. With the temporal
bone forms the zygomatic arch.
Nasal bones:
forms the bridge of the nose
Lacrimal bone:
located within the orbit, house the lacrimal sacs or the tear ducts.
Mandible:
lower jaw
Sutures of the Human:
Sagittal suture:
Area of articulation between the two parietal bones- divides the
skull from left to right
Coronal suture:
area of articulation between the frontal bone and the two parietal
bones- divides the skull from front to back
Lambdoid suture:
point of contact between the parietal bones and the flat portion of
temporal bone.
Squamous suture:
point of contact between the occipital bone and the parietal bones.
*there are several other sutures on the human skull that will not
be covered in class
Teeth of the Human:
Teeth totals:
Total: 32 teeth
8 incisors- 4 upper, 4 lower (2 per quadrant)
4 canines- 1 per quadrant
8 premolars- 2 per quadrant
12 molars- 3 per quadrant
Incisors:
*used for cutting- 8 total
Canines:
*function in tearing flesh- 4 total
Premolars:
*bicuspids- two cusps- 8 total
*come before the molars
*guide food to the molars
Molars:
*cuspids- multiple cusps
*have a large surface area for grinding and chewing food
*12 total
Processes of the Human Skull:
Styloid process:
attachment for ligaments that support the hyoid bone and muscles
that control the tongue and pharynx.
Mastoid process:
origin or sight of attachment of the sternocleidomastoid that
rotates and elevates the head and clavicle
Coronoid process:
attachment point for the temporalis muscle that closes the jaw
Condylar process:
process that articulates with the mandibular fossa(mandibular
condyle)
Mandibular condyle:
smooth surface of the condylar process- articulates with
mandibular fossa
Occipital condyle:
surrounds the anterior portion of the foramen magnum
articulates with the first cervical vertebrae- atlas
allows for up and down motion of the skull- nodding motion
Zygomatic process
of the temporal
bone:
bony bridge extending from the cheek just anterior to the ear
External Occipital
protuberance:
Attachment for the nuchal ligament
Pterygoid process:
Attachment for muscles used for mastication
Superior walls of the orbit
Lateral/posterior walls of the nasal cavity
Hamulus of the
Pterygoid process:
Process around which the tendon from muscles of the soft palate
passes
Foramina and other structures of the Human Skull:
Supraorbital
(above the orbit)- opening for blood vessels and nerves passing to
foramen:
and from the eyebrows and eyelids
Infraorbital foramen:
(below the orbit)- opening for the facial nerves
Mental foramen:
distal/ lateral opening for the mental nerve and vessels that
innervate the lip.
Mandibular foramen: Proximal/ medial opening for the mental nerve and vessels that
innervate the lip
External acoustic
meatus:
opening that leads to the eardrum(tympanum)
Palatine foramen:
(anterior and
posterior)
nerves that innervate the palate
Foramen ovale:
Trigeminal nerve
Foramen lacerum:
Filled with cartilage
Foramen spinosum:
Arteries that innervate the meninges enters the brain
Foramen rotundum:
Trigeminal nerve:
Jugular foramen:
Jugular vein
Foramen magnum:
Spinal chord
Stylomastoid
foramen:
Facial nerve exits the skull
Carotid canal:
Carotid artery
Other Structure of the Human Skull:
Superior Nuchal
Attachment site for neck muscles
Line:
Inferior Nuchal
Line:
Attachment site for neck muscles
Mandibular fossa:
Articulation point between the mandible and skull