Download EnvScisamplebooktestChp13Questions

Name:____________________________________________ Date:__________________
Chapter: Chapter 13: Wildlife, Fisheries, and Endangered Species
Multiple Choice
1. The term for the population at which the number of individuals is just sufficient for the
resources available to them is:
a) logistic carrying capacity
b) maximum sustainable yield
c) minimum viable population
d) optimum sustainable population
e) maximum sustainable population
2. The estimated smallest population that can maintain itself and its genetic variability
indefinitely is termed:
a) logistic carrying capacity
b) maximum sustainable yield
c) minimum viable population
d) optimum sustainable population
e) maximum sustainable population
3. The term for the maximum population that can be sustained into the indefinite future
without degrading the species’ habitat or the viability of the species itself is:
a) logistic carrying capacity
b) maximum sustainable yield
c) minimum viable population
d) optimum sustainable population
e) maximum sustainable population
4. If a population grows beyond its carrying capacity, deaths _________ births, and the
population ________ back to the carrying capacity. If a population falls below its carrying
capacity, births _________ deaths, and the population ________.
a) are exceeded by; increases; exceed; decline
b) exceed; increases; are exceeded by; decreases
c) exceed; decline; are exceeded by; increases
d) are exceeded by; decline; exceed; increases
e) none of the above is the correct option
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5. Competition among individuals in a population:
a) increases the birth rate
b) increases the carrying capacity
c) keeps the population at a constant level and is beneficial to the population in the long run
d) slows the growth rate of the population
e) allows the population to increase at nearly exponential rate
6. Since 1600, nearly _________ of the extinctions of birds and mammals have been caused by
human beings.
a) 33%
b) 42%
c) 50%
d) 75%
e) 90%
7. A key to successful wildlife management is monitoring a population’s age structure. If most of
a catch by commercial fisherman shifted towards younger aged fish, what could this indicate?
a) this is an early sign of over-exploitation
b) that the fish stock has reached its carrying capacity
c) that the fishing is done according to the logistic growth curve
d) that the fish stock obtained its maximum sustainable yield
e) that global warming is impacting the population
8. Fishery management has used the optimum sustainable population in order to avoid overfishing. What exactly is the optimum sustainable population?
a) it is the largest number of fish that can be harvested
b) it is the fish harvest that generates the highest possible market price for the fish
c) it is the fish harvest that can be sustained through the lifetime of one fisherman
d) it is the population that equals the maximum sustainable yield
e) it is the largest fish harvest that can be sustained indefinitely
9. An ecological island is:
a) an island uninhabited by humans
b) the transition zone between two or more distinct ecosystems
c) an island managed for the preservation of specific natural features
d) an area that is biologically isolated
e) public land set aside to protect the habitats of endangered species
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10. Carrying capacity is the:
a) largest-sized individual that can survive in a given ecosystem
b) maximum number of a species that an environment can support without degradation to the
environment
c) maximum number of a species that can live in an environment without competition among
individuals
d) maximum number of a species confined to a specific area
e) variety of species that can live in one habitat without going extinct
11. The survival of an endangered species depends strongly on the:
a) competition of male individuals within the species
b) size of the ecological island the species lives in
c) maximum sustainable yield of the habitat
d) succession stage of the ecosystem
e) the macronutrients available within the ecosystem
12. Which of the following is a principle of wildlife conservation?
a) a safety factor in terms of population size
b) concern for the entire community of organisms
c) maintenance of the ecosystem of which the wildlife are a part
d) continual monitoring, analysis, and assessment
e) all of the above are principles of wildlife conservation
13. Traditional wildlife management was based on:
a) sustainable yield
b) exponential growth curve
c) age structure of the population
d) the logistic growth curve
e) the minimum viable population
14. “Population risk” refers to:
a) short-term changes in the habitat of a species
b) random variations in population rates that lead to species extinction
c) the risk of changes in genetic characteristics
d) the human population bomb
e) catastrophes that change the environment
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15. Species can be especially vulnerable to extinction when:
a) the population has high genetic variability
b) the population is small
c) the population lives far from human activity
d) the population is very widely distributed
e) the population’s ecosystem is productive and fertile
16. In the course of evolutionary history:
a) global warming has been the primary agent of extinction
b) about half of the species which have existed have become extinct
c) all species alive today will eventually go extinct
d) only poorly adapted species will go extinct
e) extinction occurs only in connection with meteorite impacts
17. ______________ involves variations in the physical or biological environment.
a) Population risk
b) Genetic risk
c) Human induced risk
d) Environmental risk
e) A natural risk
18. Much of the information we have concerning the abundance of grizzly bears in North
America prior to the western expansion of European communities comes from:
a) fossil evidence
b) the journals of Lewis and Clark
c) the reports of native Americans
d) the numbers of bear carcasses seen by frontier hunters
e) the number of bears shipped east by the early railroads.
19. Today’s population biologists estimate that a “safe” number of grizzly bears in a
population, that is a number that will continue to perpetuate itself, is:
a) 150
b) 250
c) 350
d) 450
e) 550
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20. The current number of bison present in the United States is about:
a) 5,000
b) 10,000
c) 50,000
d) 100,000
e) 250,000
21. Which of the following characterizes a population only by its total size?
a) a logistic population
b) a population nearing extinction
c) a maximal viable population
d) a minimal viable population
e) an optimal sustainable population
22. The primary goal of the United States Marine Mammal Protection Act is to conserve:
a) the health and stability of marine ecosystems
b) the seals of the oceans
c) the whales of the oceans
d) the porpoises of the oceans
e) the sea otters of the oceans
23. The estimated number of individuals in the whooping crane population from 1940 to the
present represents:
a) an estimate of the maximum sustainable yield
b) an estimate of the minimum sustainable yield
c) a time series
d) an estimate of the carrying capacity of the land
e) an estimate of the logistical growth of the population
24. Fish provide about what percentage of the human diet?
a) 6%
b) 16%
c) 26%
d) 36%
e) 46%
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25. Even though the continental shelves represent only about 10% of the ocean, they provide
nearly _______ % of the fishery harvest?
a) 20%
b) 30%
c) 50%
d) 70%
e) 90%
26. Codfish, flatfish, tuna, and swordfish are important to humans because:
a) they represent fish that are quickly becoming extinct
b) they are increasing their populations in spite of consistent hunting
c) their numbers are declining due to overfishing
d) they are important as fish that are processed as fish meal for agricultural food
e) they have been banned from commercial fishing
27. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature estimates that about _______ of all
known mammals are at the risk of extinction.
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 30%
d) 40%
e) 50%
28. Prior to the industrial revolution, how many species became extinct on a worldwide basis
every year?
a) one
b) five
c) 100
d) 500
e) 1,000
29. Life on Earth was dominated by jellyfish and worms during which geologic period?
a) Archaean
b) Proterozoic
c) Devonian
d) Jurassic
e) Triassic
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