Download Prince Henry Notes and Portugal

SS6H6 The student will analyze the impact of European exploration and colonization on various world regions.
a. Identify the causes of European exploration and colonization; include religion, natural resources, a market for goods, and the
contributions of Prince Henry the Navigator.
Vocabulary:
1. Cartography – mapmaking
2. Crusades – (1096 – 1272) military expeditions sent by different Popes, or leaders of the Roman Catholic Church, to capture the
Holy Land from the Muslim Turks.
3. colony – a foreign area controlled by a country and contributing to its wealth
4. empire - a group of nations or peoples ruled over by powerful government
The Causes of European Exploration and Colonization
 During the 15th century, Portugal led the world in sea exploration.
 Portugal explored western coast of Africa.
o Wanted to find a route around Africa into the Indian Ocean
o Wanted to spread Christianity
 Europeans wanted Asian silks and spices
o Wanted to find a way to get them at a cheaper cost
Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)
 Son of Portuguese king
 Fought in a battle that helped capture Ceuta, a city on the coast of North Africa
o Gave Portugal an important outpost from which to explore Africa
 Sent more than 50 expeditions down the west coast of Africa
o Wanted to find a route around the continent of Africa to India and China
 Studied navigation and mapmaking
 Established a naval observatory
o Students learned navigation, astronomy and cartography
 Unable to make money trading in gold
o Tried to create sugar cane plantations
 One expedition discovered the island of Madeira – climate there good for growing sugar cane
 He took slaves from Africa to work the fields.
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By 1513, Portuguese trade extended to China and Japan.
The Empires of Portugal, Spain, England, and France in Asia, Africa, and the Americas
 Crusades were not successful but one positive result was that the people of Western Europe learned how to draw better maps
and build better ships.
 Crusades exposed European Crusaders to products from the East.
 By 15th century, major trade routes from the East to Europe went to two Italian cities, Venice and Genoa.
o Italian merchants marked up prices on spices, precious jewels, fragrances, woods, and finished goods and sold them
throughout Europe.
 Portugal, Spain, France, and England did not like the huge profits made by Italian cities, Venice and Genoa.
o European countries wanted to find trade routes to India, China and Spice Islands.
The Empire of Portugal
 Bartolomeu Dias
o Reached the southern tip of Africa and discovered the Cape of Good Hope and the Indian Ocean
 Vasco da Gama
o Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and continued on to India
 By 1571 – had series of settlements that connected Portugal with Africa, India, south Pacific islands, and Japan.
 Most profitable colony: Brazil in South America
o Was Portuguese colony until 1822