Download II. BODY CAVITY DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF

ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT &
CHARACTERISTICS
tutorial
II.
III.
I.
I First Characteristic to categorize
(shape) SYMMETRY
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/animation_quizzes/graphics/dim7s1c.ram
• RADIAL (round)
• BI-LATERAL (2 even
sides)
Zygote to Embryo Development
mesoderm
A. EARLY DEVELOPMENT
http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp20/200200
1.html
• 3 LAYERS OF GASTRULA
• a. Ectoderm, outer layer, skin, nerves,
sense organs
• b. Mesoderm, middle layer, circulatory,
muscle, reproductive & excretory
systems.
• c. Endoderm, inner layer, digestive
tract, respiratory system
COELOM (body cavity)
DIGESTIVE
TRACT
II. BODY CAVITY
DEVELOPMENT
• 1. COELOMATES ANIMALS W/A BODY CAVITY lined
by MESODERM tissue around digestive tract
-a fluid filled space for cushioning organs-Like a tube
w/in a tube
All Vertebrates (animals w/backbones) are
COELOMATES , earthworms, crustacean, insects &
shellfish
II. BODY CAVITY
DEVELOPMENT
• 2. PSEUDOCOELOMATES
-There is a BODY CAVITY, but the digestive
tract is not lined by MESODERM tissue
-Roundworms are PSEUDOCOELOMATES
II. BODY CAVITY
DEVELOPMENT
• 3. ACOELOMATES
- NO BODY CAVITY –solid mass of
ectoderm, mesoderm & endoderm
tissues, there are no hollow spaces
- Flatworms are acoelomates
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS
A. Movement
• at any point in life cycle
• Water based movement Some animal movement is only
when gametes or zygotes like sea sponges and coral
• Air based movement flying-insects, birds, bats
• Land based movement- crawling-snakes, walkingmammals
• Appendages for movement legs, wings etc
B. Digestion
on the hyperlinks, click the arrows to advance
• 1. INTRACELLULAR
occurs w/in cells. Use
organelles, vacuoles &
lysosomes to digest.
Sponges, Paramecium
2. EXTRACELLULAR
food is broken down inside a
gastrovascular cavity &
inside cells both use
enzymes.
Earthworms, Humans
some examples
C. Respiration
Exchange of O2/CO2
• Different Types of Structures
• 1. TRACHEAL TUBES-insects, INTERNAL
• 2. BOOK LUNGS-Anthropods -crabs, spidersEXTERNAL
• 3. GILLS, water animals fish, sharks, EXTERNAL
– Fish use a complex gill structure
• 4. MANTLE LUNGS-Mollusks -snails, Internal
membranes for diffusion of gases
– Humans are internal, but lungs are membranes, so
gases diffuse through our aveoli at the ends of our
lung tissue. CO2 goes out O2 goes in
Air Sacs in birds
lungs
Normal
Breathing
Take the quiz after you
are done with the
animations
Book lungs
Anthropodsspiders, crabs
Mantle lungs
mollusks
Types of Circulation
click the arrow to advance the tutorial
• 2 TYPES OF CIRCULATION SYSTEMS
• OPEN-Blood is not in veins. Diffuses
through membranes
• CLOSED -blood is in VESSELS, i.e.-veins,
capillaries, etc
D. Excretion
Sweating & Removal of waste that
contains Nitrogen
• Water Animals Excrete
Ammonia NH3
• Land Animals- mammals
urea as urine
• Birds & Insects-Excrete
uric acid, a thick paste.
There is no urine & feces.
It is all one package.
• Simple animals,
flatworms, spongesDiffusion of ammonia
through cell membranes
E. Respond to Environment
• Nerves
• 1. Simple -Nerve net, Chord or ring structures
– Jellyfish , starfish, flatworms
Nervous System
• 2. CEPHALIZATION more complex-Sensory nerves on
end of body. Primitive brain- shell fish, squid
• Animals that are bilateral usually have a brain
Nervous System
• 3. Central nervous system -more complex
animals, mammals
– NERVE NETWORK, Spinal cord, complex brain
F. Reproduction
• 1. INTERNAL-more
complex organisms,
Mammals, some fish
– Protects offspring
– Produce fewer offspring
placentas
• 2. EXTERNAL-Less
complex organisms,
Amphibians, Jellyfish,
some Insects. Eggs
– Lots of offspring, offspring
are not protected from the
environment