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Cellular Respiration Respiration • The breakdown of simple food molecules such as glucose and the release of the energy it contains • Respiration does not refer to a person breathing Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration • Aerobic- Occurs in the presence of oxygen • Anaerobic- Does not occur in the presence of oxygen. Does not yield as much energy • Aerobic: Glucose + oxygen yields carbon dioxide + water • Energy is produced in the form of ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate) • ATP is a high energy molecule that the body uses as its source of energy • Respiration is the process that produces ATP Aerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration • Begins with glycolysis (cytoplasm – 2 ATP) • Pyruvic acid (3-carbon compound) moves into mitochondria • Krebs cycle (2 ATP produced) • Electron transport chain (32 ATP produced) Glycolysis • First Stage of respiration • Glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm • The mitochondria can only breakdown smaller molecules to yield energy • Pyruvate • 3- carbon sugars • Occurs in both aerobic and Anaerobic respiration • Produces a net yield of 2 ATP • How many carbons does glucose have? Glycolysis Second Step of Cellular Respiration Krebs Cycle • • • • • • Small molecules (pyruvate) broken down further The chemical reactions require oxygen Minimal amount of energy is released Known as the krebs cycle Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix Produces electron carriers • Positively charged molecules • Produces 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain • Movement of electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) across the cell membrane • A hydrogen ion gradient is produced by actively transporting hydrogen ions out side of the mitochondria • As the hydrogen ions diffuse back into the cell through the enzyme atp synthase ADP and a phosphate ion are bound producing ATP. • Yields 34 ATP Anaerobic Respiration • Anaerobic (alcohol fermentation): • Glucose→ ethanol alcohol + carbon dioxide • Anaerobic (lactate formation): Glucose → lactic acid Fermentation • Occurs during anaerobic only • No additional ATP are made • End products vary • Yeast: ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide • Yeast is used to make bread rise (because CO2 is produced) and to make alcohol products • Bacteria: lactic acid Muscle Fatigue • Caused when not enough oxygen is reaching the muscles • Lactic Acid builds up and is not broken down fast enough • The more mitochondria there are in an area the less fatigued the muscles get Recap • Aerobic: Glycolysis & Kreb’s cycle/electron transport chain • Anaerobic: Glycolysis & Lactate Formation or Alcohol Fermntation • Respiration of Fats and Proteins • Cells can utilize other organic compounds in aerobic respiration • Compounds produced enter at a different point in the pathway • http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.l ife.cell.mitochondria/
