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Cellular Respiration
Respiration
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The breakdown of simple food molecules such as glucose and the release of the
energy it contains
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Respiration does not refer to a _______________ __________________
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
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Aerobic- _________________ in the presence of oxygen
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Anaerobic- Does not occur in the presence of ________________.
Does not yield as much energy
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Aerobic: __________________ + oxygen yields ___________________________ + water
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Energy is produced in the form of _________ (Adenosine Triphosphate)
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ATP is a high energy molecule that the body uses as its source of energy
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Respiration is the process that produces ATP
Aerobic Respiration
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Begins with glycolysis (cytoplasm – _____ ATP)
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Pyruvic acid (3-carbon compound) moves into mitochondria
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Krebs cycle (______ ATP produced)
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Electron transport chain (___________ ATP
produced)
Glycolysis
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First Stage of respiration
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Glucose is broken down in the ________________________
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The mitochondria can only breakdown smaller molecules to yield energy
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Pyruvate
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3- carbon sugars
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Occurs in both aerobic and Anaerobic respiration
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Produces a net yield of 2 ATP
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How many carbons does glucose have?
Krebs Cycle - Second Step of Cellular Respiration
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Small molecules (pyruvate) broken down further
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The chemical reactions require oxygen
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Minimal amount of energy is released
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Occurs in the mitochondrial_______________________
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Produces electron carriers
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Positively charged molecules
Produces 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain
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Movement of electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) across the cell membrane
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A hydrogen ion gradient is produced by actively transporting hydrogen ions out side of the
mitochondria
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As the hydrogen ions diffuse back into the cell through the enzyme atp synthase ADP
and a phosphate ion are bound producing ATP.
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Yields 34 ATP
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Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic (alcohol fermentation):
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Glucose→ _______________ alcohol + carbon dioxide
Anaerobic (lactate formation): Glucose → ______________acid
Fermentation
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Occurs during _________________ only
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No additional ATP are made
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End products vary
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Yeast: ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
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Yeast is used to make bread rise (because CO2 is produced) and to make alcohol
products
Bacteria: lactic acid
Muscle Fatigue
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Caused when not enough oxygen is reaching the muscles
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Lactic Acid builds up and is not broken down fast enough
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The more mitochondria there are in an area the less fatigued the muscles get
Recap
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Aerobic: Glycolysis & Kreb’s cycle/electron transport chain
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Anaerobic: Glycolysis & Lactate Formation or Alcohol Fermentation
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Respiration of Fats and Proteins
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Cells can utilize other organic compounds in aerobic respiration
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Compounds produced enter at a different point in the pathway
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.cell.mitochondria/