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Module 14: Plants
Study Guide
Complete this study guide to prepare for the test.
Step 1. What to Use for Review:
● Complete all the assignments for this module. Read your instructor’s feedback.
● Review all of the Let’s Practice Learning Objects in the Content.
● Review all your quizzes and the problem sets.
Step 2. Review Key Words for this Module:
Print off your vocabulary list from the first page of the content (blue sidebar.) Some students
find it helpful to make note cards.
Step 3. Complete the following questions to practice and to focus your studies on any
weak areas first.
For this module, you were given a number of Notes Guide and Handouts. Test questions may
come from those as well. Supplement those with questions from this study guide.
Plant Anatomy and Physiology
1. List characteristics that all plants share:
2. Describe/draw a plant cell. Include features that are unique to plants and label them.
3. For each tissue in plants, describe its function and give examples:
Tissue
Description/Function
Dermal
Vascular
Ground
Meristem
4. What is the difference between xylem and phloem?
5. Distinguish between primary and secondary growth:
Example
6. Describe the location of xylem and phloem in a woody stem. What produces the xylem and
phloem?
7. Distinguish between heartwood and sapwood in woody plants. Where are each located?
8. For each type of plant organ, list it’s function and some examples:
Organ
Description/Function
Example
Roots
Stem
Leaf
9. Distinguish between a taproot and a fibrous root. Give examples.
10. What is a root hair? What does it do for plant roots?
11. Draw a plant. Label an internode and a node.
12. What are the three functions of stems?
13. What is a vascular plant? Do they have “true” roots, stems and leaves or not?
14. Is the cuticle of a leaf alive? Explain where it comes from.
15. What is the purpose of guard cells for plants? Where are they located?
16. Which layers of the leaf do most of the photosynthesis for the plant?
17. Describe transpiration pull and why it is important for photosynthesis.
18. What is a tropism? List three types.
19. Describe a nastic movement. How is it different than a circadian response in plants?
20. Describe an epiphyte, hydrophyte and xerophyte:
21. Are carnivorous plants, plants? Why do they consume insects or other organisms?
Plant Classification and Evolution (use Notes and Graphic Organizer for this section, too)
22. Label the following cladogram, indicating where each shared, derived feature belongs:
cutin, seeds, pollen, vascular tissue, fruits, flowers, lignin, multicellularity,
23. Plants have an “alternation of generations” life cycle. What two stages make up this life
cycle and what is their ploidy level? (N or 2N)
24. What differences exist between the Bryophytes and Pteridophytes?
25. Why are bryophytes so small?
26. Does a fern have a dominant sporophyte or gametophyte generation?
27. What differences exist between the Gymnosperms and the Angiosperms?
Angiosperm Reproduction
28. List some reasons why the Angiosperms are so successful (focus on their unique features.)
29. What are the four whorls of a flower? Which whorls are female reproductive structures and
which are male?
30. Think about the plants in your yard, at your local church or at a park. Which are annuals?
Which are perennials?
31. Students often confuse pollination and fertilization, but you won’t do that on the test, right?
:) What is the difference between the two events?
32. Oak trees produce loads of pollen in tiny flowers that are not showy and do not provide
nectar for insects. Would they most likely be wind or animal pollinated?
33. What group of plants displays double fertilization? ______________ Double fertilization
involves two sperm. What does each sperm fertilize? What is the resulting structure?
34. What are the three main parts of an Angiosperm seed?
35. How is an Angiosperm seed different than a Gymnosperm seed?
36. What part of a flower typically becomes a fruit?
37. Describe characteristics of a fruit that would be distributed by wind.
38. An avocado has a single seed in the center and is produced from one carpel. Is it a simple
or complex fruit?
39. List some factors that may affect germination. Put a star next to a factor that all seeds
would need to germinate.
40. If a seed has not germinated yet, is it dead? What is the name for this state?
Be sure to study all of your quizzes, reading guides and practice activities in this module. Read
instructor feedback for assignments to focus on any weak areas.
Best of luck on the test!