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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure Chapter 03 Bacterial Cell Structure Fill in the Blank Questions 1. The genus of bacteria that undergoes cell division in random planes, forming grape like clusters of round bacteria, are the __________. staphylococci ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Discuss the factors that determine the size and shape of a bacterial cell Section: 03.02 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 2. Bacteria that do not have a fixed shape are said to be __________. pleomorphic ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures Section: 03.02 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-1 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 3. A branched network of hyphae formed by the Actinomycetes is called a __________. mycelium ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Discuss the factors that determine the size and shape of a bacterial cell Section: 03.02 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 4. Actinomycetes form long filaments called ___________. hyphae ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures Section: 03.02 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-2 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure True / False Questions 5. Sterol-like molecules called hopanoids are thought to be important for the structural integrity of many bacteria because of their suspected role in membrane stabilization. TRUE ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Compile a list of the structures found in all the layers of bacterial cell envelopes, noting the functions and the major component molecules of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 6. The cell membrane is a rigid structure that provides bacteria with their characteristic shapes. FALSE ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-3 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 7. Gram-positive bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan than gram-negative bacteria. FALSE ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Compare and contrast the cell walls of typical Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Section: 03.04 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 8. Gram-positive bacteria have a structurally and chemically more complex cell wall than gram-negative bacteria. FALSE ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Compare and contrast the cell walls of typical Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Section: 03.04 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-4 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 9. Bacteria growing at lower temperatures have more saturated fatty acids in their membranes. FALSE ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes Fill in the Blank Questions 10. When the cell wall is removed from a Gram-negative bacterium without removing the outer membrane, the resulting form is called a(n) __________. spheroplast ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Compare and contrast the cell walls of typical Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Section: 03.04 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-5 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 11. Enzymes that are secreted out of the cell to aid in the acquisition and digestion of environmental nutrients are called __________. exoenzymes ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Compare and contrast the cell walls of typical Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Section: 03.04 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 12. Molecules or regions of molecules that readily interact with water are said to be __________, whereas molecules or regions of molecules that are insoluble in water or do not readily interact with water are said to be hydrophobic. hydrophilic ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes Section: 03.03 Topic: Prokaryotes 3-6 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 13. A __________ layer consists of diffuse unorganized polysaccharide material that lies outside the cell wall and is easily removed. slime ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Compile a list of the structures found in all the layers of bacterial cell envelopes, noting the functions and the major component molecules of each Section: 03.05 Topic: Prokaryotes 14. A __________ is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell wall and is not easily removed. capsule ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Compile a list of the structures found in all the layers of bacterial cell envelopes, noting the functions and the major component molecules of each Section: 03.05 Topic: Prokaryotes 3-7 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 15. (p. 52) _______ bind ferric iron and transport it into a bacterial cell. siderophores ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 Discuss the difficulty of iron uptake and describe how bacteria overcome this difficulty Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 16. (p. 49) Nutrients that are used by bacteria in relatively large amounts are _____. macronutrients ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-8 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure True / False Questions 17. (p. 42) Prokaryotes were once described based on structures that were present in eukaryotes, but absent in prokaryotes. TRUE ASM Objective: 01.01 Cells, organelles (e.g. mitochondria and chloroplasts) and all major metabolic pathways evolved from early prokaryotic cells. ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01.01 List the characteristics originally used to describe prokaryotic cells Section: 03.01 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes Multiple Choice Questions 18. (p. 52) You discover a new transport system used by a newly discovered bacterial species. The sugars that are transported using this system are phosphorylated as they enter the bacterial cell. You would describe this transport system as a(n) _____. A. facillitated diffusion B. micronutrient regulator C. passive diffusion D. group translocation ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 3-9 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure True / False Questions 19. Growth factors cannot by synthesized by the bacteria that use them and include amino acids, pyrimidines, and vitamins. TRUE ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Provide examples of growth factors needed by some microorganisms Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes Fill in the Blank Questions 20. (p. 77) Endospores are resistant to most environmental stressors because they have _____ complexed with calcium ions which stabilize DNA. Dipicolinic acid ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.09.04 Describe those properties of endospores that are thought to contribute to its resistance to environmental stresses Section: 03.09 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-10 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure Multiple Choice Questions 21. (p. 77) Which of the following structures is NOT found in an endospore? A. capsule B. coat C. core D. exosporium ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.09.01 Describe the structure of a bacterial endospore Section: 03.09 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes True / False Questions 22. If you remove the peptidoglycan layer from a Gram positive cell, it would still stain purple with a Gram stain. FALSE ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.04.03 Relate bacterial cell wall structure to the Gram-staining reaction Section: 03.04 3-11 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure Fill in the Blank Questions 23. The most widely accepted current model for membrane structures is called the __________ model. fluid mosaic ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes Section: 03.03 Topic: Prokaryotes True / False Questions 24. The layers of peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall can be cross-linked by peptide intrabridges or by direct cross-linking. FALSE ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Describe peptidoglycan structure Section: 03.04 Topic: Prokaryotes 3-12 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 25. Some photosynthetic bacteria produce gas vacuoles that regulate their buoyancy but contain no lipid. TRUE ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions Section: 03.06 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes Fill in the Blank Questions 26. Intracellular granules of organic or inorganic material that are stockpiled by bacteria for future use are called __________. inclusions ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions Section: 03.06 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-13 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 27. Bacteria have a region of the cytoplasm known as the __________, which is not bounded by a membrane but contains the chromosome. nucleoid ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions Section: 03.06 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 28. Small circular DNA molecules capable of replicating and containing genes that are useful but not necessary to the bacterium are called __________. plasmids ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions Section: 03.06 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-14 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 29. Some species of aquatic bacteria use inclusion bodies known as ________ to orient themselves in Earth's magnetic field. magnetosomes ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions Section: 03.06 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 30. _______ are the site of protein synthesis in the cell. Ribosomes ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions Section: 03.06 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-15 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure True / False Questions 31. Sedimentation coefficients are proportional to the molecular weight of a particle and are not affected by the volume and shape of the particle. FALSE ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions Section: 03.06 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes Fill in the Blank Questions 32. Bacterial flagella are composed of three parts: the ______ body, which is embedded in the cell, the hook, and the _______, which is the longest part of the flagellum. basal, filament ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.07.01 Distinguish pili (fimbriae) and flagella Section: 03.07 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-16 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 33. Proteinacious projections from the surface of a bacterium that are used to mediate conjugation are called sex __________, whereas projections that mediate attachment to surfaces such as host cells are called __________. pili, fimbriae ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.07.01 Distinguish pili (fimbriae) and flagella Section: 03.07 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes True / False Questions 34. During the assembly of the flagellar filament, the flagellin protein monomers assemble at the cell proximal base of the flagellum. FALSE ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.07.01 Distinguish pili (fimbriae) and flagella Section: 03.07 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-17 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure Fill in the Blank Questions 35. Matching: Match the definition with the word. 1) monotrichous 2) peritrichous 3) lophotrichous 4) amphitrichous a. a single flagellum b. a single flagellum at each pole of an organism c. a cluster of flagella at one or both ends of an organism d. a relatively even distribution of flagella over the entire surface of the bacterium 1-a, 2-d, 3-c, 4-b ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.07.02 Illustrate the various patterns of flagella distribution Section: 03.07 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-18 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure True / False Questions 36. The rotation of bacterial flagella is powered by ATP hydrolysis. FALSE ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08.01 Compare and contrast flagellar swimming motility, spirochete flagellar motility, and twitching and gliding motility Section: 03.08 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes Fill in the Blank Questions 37. The bacterium E. coli swims in a straight line, called a __________, for a few seconds; then it stops, tumbles, then swims away in a new direction. run ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08.01 Compare and contrast flagellar swimming motility, spirochete flagellar motility, and twitching and gliding motility Learning Outcome: 03.08.03 Explain why bacterial chemotaxis is referred to as a “biased random walk” Section: 03.08 3-19 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 38. In many spirochetes, multiple flagella combine to form a bundle known as a(n) ____________ fibril, which winds around the cell and confers motility on the cell. axial ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08.01 Compare and contrast flagellar swimming motility, spirochete flagellar motility, and twitching and gliding motility Section: 03.08 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 39. __________ is the process through which endospores are formed within a vegetative cell. Sporulation ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.09.03 Describe in general terms the process of sporulation Section: 03.09 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-20 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 40. __________ is the main part of the process through which a vegetative cell is formed from an endospore. Germination ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.09.05 Describe the three stages that transform an endospore into an active vegetative cell Section: 03.09 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes Multiple Choice Questions 41. The concept of a prokaryote was first fully outlined in 1962 by A. Watson and Crick. B. Stanier and Van Niel. C. Hersey and Chase. D. Gilbert and Cech. ASM Objective: 01.04 The traditional concept of species is not readily applicable to microbes, due to asexual reproduction and the frequent occurrence of horizontal gene transfer. ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 Form an opinion on the “prokaryote” controversy using current evidence about bacterial cells Section: 03.01 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-21 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 42. The term used to describe bacteria that are intermediate in shape between spherical and rod-shaped is A. cocci. B. bacilli. C. vibrio. D. coccobacilli. ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures Section: 03.02 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 43. Bacterial cells that are variable in shape are called A. vibrio. B. pleomorphic. C. coccobacilli. D. hyphal. ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Discuss the factors that determine the size and shape of a bacterial cell Section: 03.02 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-22 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 44. Square planar arrangement of cells that forms when round bacteria remain attached to each other during reproduction are called A. streptococci. B. staphylococci. C. tetrads. D. sarcinae. ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures Section: 03.02 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 45. Flexible bacteria with a helical shape are called A. vibrios. B. spirilla. C. spirochetes. D. coccobacilli. ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures Section: 03.02 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-23 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 46. Rigid bacteria with a helical cell shape are called A. vibrios. B. spirilla. C. spirochetes. D. coccobacilli. ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures Section: 03.02 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 47. The term used to describe bacteria that are shaped like curved rods is A. coccus. B. bacillus. C. vibrio. D. coccobacillus. ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures Section: 03.02 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-24 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 48. The term used to describe bacteria that are rod shaped is A. coccus. B. bacillus. C. vibrio. D. coccobacillus. ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures Section: 03.02 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 49. The term used to describe bacteria that have a spherical shape is A. coccus. B. bacillus. C. vibrio. D. coccobacillus. ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures Section: 03.02 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-25 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 50. The cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria A. retains the cytoplasm and its contents. B. acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing some molecules to pass while preventing the movement of others. C. is the major site of ATP synthesis in aerobes. D. all of the choices. ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Section: 03.03 51. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is also known as A. exotoxin. B. teichoic acid. C. murein. D. endotoxin. ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Compile a list of the structures found in all the layers of bacterial cell envelopes, noting the functions and the major component molecules of each Section: 03.05 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-26 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 52. Which of the following is/are true of capsules? A. They help bacteria escape phagocytosis by host cells. B. They retain water and help prevent desiccation of the bacteria. C. They prevent entry of many bacterial viruses. D. all of the choices. ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Compile a list of the structures found in all the layers of bacterial cell envelopes, noting the functions and the major component molecules of each Section: 03.05 53. Proteins that are loosely associated with the cytoplasmic membrane are called __________ proteins. A. peripheral B. integral C. external D. internal ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-27 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 54. Proteins that are embedded within the cytoplasmic membrane and not easily extracted are called __________ proteins. A. peripheral B. integral C. external D. internal ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 55. Shrinkage of the plasma membrane away from the cell wall when the bacterium is placed in a hypertonic environment is called A. osmolysis. B. plasmolysis. C. hydrolysis. D. hypertonolysis. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Section: 03.04 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-28 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 56. Lipids with polar and nonpolar ends are said to be A. amphipathic. B. amphibolic. C. bilateral. D. none of the choices. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 57. Although penicillin inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis, bacterial cells will continue to grow normally in the presence of penicillin in a(n) __________ environment. A. hypotonic B. isotonic C. hypertonic D. nonpolar ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Describe peptidoglycan structure Section: 03.04 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-29 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 58. All of the following statements about the periplasmic space are true except: A. It is found only in gram-positive bacteria. B. It is located between the plasma membrane and outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. C. It contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins involved in nutrient acquisition. D. All of the above are true. ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Compare and contrast the cell walls of typical Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Section: 03.04 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 59. Which of the following protects bacteria from lysis in dilute solutions and helps to determine their cellular morphology or shape? A. plasma membrane B. peptidoglycan C. capsule D. gas vacuoles ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Describe peptidoglycan structure Section: 03.04 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-30 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 60. Sortase is a protein enzyme of bacteria that A. plays a key role in directing proteins to the periplasm. B. catalyzes covalent attachment of some surface proteins to peptidoglycan. C. directs secretion of proteins across the outer membrane. D. functions by transporting flagellum proteins to their extracellular site of assembly. ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Describe peptidoglycan structure Section: 03.04 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 61. Which of the following is not true of bacterial plasmids? A. They can replicate independently of the chromosome. B. They may carry genes for drug resistance. C. They are required for host growth and/or reproduction. D. They may carry genes that enhance survival of the bacterium under certain conditions. ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions Section: 03.06 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-31 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 62. Bacterial and archaeal ribosomes are known as _____ ribosomes, based on their sedimentation coefficient. A. 50S B. 30S C. 80S D. 70S ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions Section: 03.06 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 63. The type III bacterial protein secretion machinery: A. has a needlelike structure through which proteins are secreted. B. includes structural features that may be evolutionarily related to the basal bodies of bacterial flagella. C. is found in gram-negative bacteria. D. all of the choices are correct. ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Section: 03.07 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-32 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 64. Export of flagellin subunits is mediated by A. an apparatus in the basal body of the flagellum that is related to the type II secretion pathway. B. the type I secretion pathway. C. an apparatus in the basal body of the flagellum that is related to the type III secretion pathway. D. none of the above. ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Section: 03.07 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 65. The power used by most bacterial flagellar motors is produced by A. synthesis of glucose. B. ATP hydrolysis. C. proton motive force (PMF). D. all of these. ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08.02 State the source of energy that powers flagellar motility Section: 03.08 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-33 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 66. Chemotaxis is a process by which bacteria A. move toward an attractant or away from a repellent. B. avoid phagocytosis. C. respond metabolically to the presence of autoinducer molecules. D. move on solid surfaces by means of type IV fimbriae. ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.08.03 Explain why bacterial chemotaxis is referred to as a “biased random walk” Section: 03.08 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 67. Twitching or gliding motility involves A. type IV pili. B. axial fibrils. C. movement of slime. D. both type IV pili and movement of slime can be involved in twitching or gliding motility. ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08.01 Compare and contrast flagellar swimming motility, spirochete flagellar motility, and twitching and gliding motility Section: 03.08 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-34 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 68. Endospores represent a challenge to the fields of industrial and medical microbiology because A. they are resistant to harsh environments, thus allowing survival of endospore-forming organisms under conditions in which non-endospore-forming cells would not survive. B. endospore-forming organisms are often dangerous pathogens. C. endospores are significantly smaller than vegetative cells. D. endospores are resistant to harsh environments, thus allowing survival of endosporeforming organisms under conditions in which non-endospore-forming cells would not survive, and endospore-forming organisms are often dangerous pathogens. ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.09.02 Explain why bacterial endospores are of particular concern to the food industry and why endospore-forming bacteria are important model organisms Section: 03.09 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 69. Elements that are required in relatively large amounts by microorganisms are called A. multivitamins. B. meganutrients. C. macronutrients. D. macromolecules. ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 3-35 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 70. Which of the following is not considered a macronutrient? A. carbon (C) B. calcium (Ca) C. potassium (K) D. cobalt (Co) ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 71. Which of the following is not considered a micronutrient? A. manganese (Mn) B. magnesium (Mg) C. zinc (Zn) D. copper (Cu) ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 3-36 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure True / False Questions 72. The trace amounts of micronutrients needed by microorganisms are usually supplied as inadvertent contaminants in water and regular media components. TRUE ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 73. Zinc (Zn) is considered a macronutrient. FALSE Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 74. Copper (Cu) is considered a micronutrient. TRUE Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-37 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 75. Sulfur can be obtained from inorganic sources only. FALSE Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 76. Phosphorus can be obtained from organic sources only. FALSE ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 77. Nitrogen can be obtained from either organic or inorganic sources. TRUE ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis). ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-38 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure Fill in the Blank Questions 78. __________ __________ are required organic compounds because they are essential cell components or precursors of such components that cannot be synthesized by the organism. (2 words) Growth factors Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Provide examples of growth factors needed by some microorganisms Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes Multiple Choice Questions 79. Which of the following is not a major class of growth factors? A. amino acids B. purines and pyrimidines C. vitamins D. nucleic acids ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Provide examples of growth factors needed by some microorganisms Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-39 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure Fill in the Blank Questions 80. Small organic molecules called __________ function as enzyme cofactors. vitamins Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Provide examples of growth factors needed by some microorganisms Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes Multiple Choice Questions 81. A wide variety of microorganisms are commercially used to manufacture _________ for human consumption. A. vitamins B. sugars C. fatty acids D. none of the choices ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Provide examples of growth factors needed by some microorganisms Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-40 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure Fill in the Blank Questions 82. Many bacteria facilitate the uptake of iron by secreting low molecular weight molecules, called ___________, to form complexes with the iron that can then be readily transported into the cell. siderophores ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 Discuss the difficulty of iron uptake and describe how bacteria overcome this difficulty Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 83. Transport of two different substances can be linked. If the transport is in the same direction it is called __________; if the transport is in opposite directions it is called __________. symport, antiport ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 Discuss the difficulty of iron uptake and describe how bacteria overcome this difficulty Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-41 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 84. __________ are carrier proteins embedded in the membrane that increase the rate of diffusion of specific molecules across selectively permeable membranes. Permeases Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes True / False Questions 85. Organisms usually have only a single transport system for any nutrient. FALSE ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-42 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 86. Different transport systems for the same nutrient that are part of the same organism are usually regulated in different ways. TRUE ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 87. Permease proteins that aid in the transport of nutrients resemble enzymes in their specificity for the substance to be transported. Each carrier is selective and will transport only a closely related set of substances. TRUE ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-43 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 88. The extreme insolubility of ferric iron leaves little free iron available for transport into bacterial cells. TRUE ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 Discuss the difficulty of iron uptake and describe how bacteria overcome this difficulty Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes Multiple Choice Questions 89. Which of the following processes can be used to bring nutrients into a cell against a concentration gradient? A. Active transport. B. Facilitated diffusion. C. Passive diffusion. D. Active transport and facilitated diffusion. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-44 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 90. Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport? A. Saturable uptake rate. B. Use of ATP or a proton gradient as a source of metabolic energy. C. Can move materials against a concentration gradient. D. All of the choices. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 91. The movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration with the expenditure of energy is called A. facilitated diffusion. B. osmosis. C. passive diffusion. D. active transport. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-45 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 92. The movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the use of a carrier molecule embedded in the membrane is called A. facilitated diffusion. B. osmosis. C. passive diffusion. D. active transport. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 93. The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the participation of specific carrier molecules is called A. facilitated diffusion. B. osmosis. C. passive diffusion. D. active transport. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 3-46 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure 94. Nutrients can be concentrated from dilute solutions by A. pinocytosis. B. endocytosis. C. active transport and group translocation. D. electron transport. ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 95. __________ membranes allow some molecules to pass but not others. A. Permeable B. Inverted monolayer C. Selectively permeable D. Impermeable ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes Section: 03.03 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Prokaryotes 3-47 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part