Download Concept Outline for Period 4

EVIDENCE PLANNER PERIOD: 4
[1800 – 1848]
Thematic Learning Objective:
NAT 2.0 Explain how interpretations
of the Constitution and debates over
rights, liberties, and definitions of
citizenship have affected American
values, politics, and society.
Key Concept 4.1: The United States began to develop a modern democracy and
celebrated a new national culture, while Americans sought to define the nation’s
democratic ideals and change their society and institutions to match them.
The nation’s transition to a more participatory democracy was achieved by
expanding suffrage from a system based on property ownership to one based on voting
by all adult white men, and it was accompanied by the growth of political parties.
I.
A) In the early 1800s, national political parties continued to debate issues such as the tariff, powers of the
federal government, and relations with European powers.
NAT 4.0 Analyze relationships among
different, regional, social, ethnic and
racial groups, and explain how these
groups’ experiences have related to
U.S. national identity.
EVIDENCE:
B) Supreme Court decisions established the primacy of the judiciary in determining the meaning of the
Constitution and asserted that federal laws took precedence over state laws.
POL 1.0 Explain how and why
political ideas, beliefs, institutions,
party systems, and alignments have
developed and changed.
WXT 2.0 Explain how patterns of
exchange, markets, and private
enterprise have developed, and
analyze ways that governments have
responded to economic issues.
EVIDENCE:
C) By the 1820s and 1830s, new political parties arose — the Democrats, led, by Andrew Jackson, and the
Whigs, led by Henry Clay — that disagreed about the role and powers of the federal government and issues
such as the national bank, tariffs, and federally funded internal improvements.
EVIDENCE:
D) Regional interests often trumped national concerns as the basis for many political leaders’ positions on
slavery and economic policy.
EVIDENCE:
EVIDENCE PLANNER PERIOD: 4
[1800 – 1848]
Thematic Learning Objective:
NAT 4.0 Analyze relationships among
different, regional, social, ethnic and
racial groups, and explain how these
groups’ experiences have related to
U.S. national identity.
CUL 1.0: Explain how religious groups
and ideas have affected American
Society and political life.
Key Concept 4.1: The United States began to develop a modern democracy and
celebrated a new national culture, while Americans sought to define the nation’s
democratic ideals and change their society and institutions to match them.
II. While
Americans embraced a new national culture, various groups developed
distinctive cultures of their own.
A) The rise of democratic and individualistic beliefs, a response to rationalism, and changes to society caused
by the market revolution, along with greater social and geographical mobility, contributed to a Second Great
Awakening among Protestants that influenced moral and social reforms and inspired utopian and other
religious movements.
EVIDENCE:
CUL 2.0: Explain how artistic,
philosophical, and scientific ideas
have shaped society and institutions.
B) A new national culture emerged that combined American elements, European influences, and regional
cultural sensibilities.
EVIDENCE:
CUL 4.0: Explain how different group
identities, including racial, ethnic,
class, and regional identities, have
emerged and changed over time.
C) Liberal social ideas from abroad and Romantic beliefs in human perfectibility influenced literature, art,
philosophy, and architecture.
EVIDENCE:
D) Enslaved blacks and free African Americans created communities and strategies to protect their dignity
and family structures, and they joined political efforts aimed at changing their status.
EVIDENCE:
EVIDENCE PLANNER PERIOD: 4
[1800 -1848]
Thematic Learning Objective:
NAT 1.0 Explain how ideas about
democracy, freedom, and
individualism found expression in
the development of cultural values,
political institutions, and American
Identity.
Key Concept 4.1: The United States began to develop a modern democracy and
celebrated a new national culture, while Americans sought to define the nation’s
democratic ideals and change their society and institutions to match them.
III. Increasing
numbers of Americans, many inspired by new religious and intellectual
movements, worked primarily outside of government institutions to advance their
ideals.
A) Americans formed new voluntary organizations that aimed to change individual behaviors and improve
society through temperance and other reform efforts.
POL 2.0 Explain how popular
movements, reform efforts, and
activist groups have sought to change
American Society and institutions.
EVIDENCE:
CUL 3.0 Explain how ideas about
women’s rights and gender roles
have affected society and politics.
B) Abolitionist and antislavery movements gradually achieved emancipation in the North, contributing to the
growth of the free African American population, even as many state governments restricted African
Americans’ rights. Antislavery efforts in the South were largely limited to unsuccessful slave rebellions.
EVIDENCE:
C) A women’s rights movement sought to create greater equality and opportunities for women, expressing its
ideals at the Seneca Falls Convention.
EVIDENCE:
EVIDENCE PLANNER PERIOD: 4
[1800 -1848]
Thematic Learning Objective:
POL 3.0 Explain how different beliefs
about the federal government’s role
in U.S. social and economic life have
affected political debates and
policies.
Key Concept 4.2: Innovations
in technology, agriculture, and commerce
powerfully accelerated the American economy, precipitating profound
changes to U.S. society and to national and regional identities.
I. New
transportation systems and technologies dramatically expanded manufacturing
and agricultural production.
WXT 2.0 Explain how patterns of
exchange, markets, and private
enterprise have developed, and
analyze ways that governments have
responded to economic issues.
A) Entrepreneurs helped to create a market revolution in production and commerce, in which market
relationships between producers and consumers came to prevail as the manufacture of goods became more
organized.
EVIDENCE:
WXT 3.0 Analyze how technological
innovation has affected economic
development and society
B) Innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, interchangeable parts, the telegraph, and
agricultural inventions increased the efficiency of production methods.
EVIDENCE:
C) Legislation and judicial systems supported the development of roads, canals, and railroads, which
extended and enlarged markets and helped foster regional interdependence. Transportation networks linked
the North and Midwest more closely than either was linked to the South.
EVIDENCE:
EVIDENCE PLANNER PERIOD: 4
[1800 -1848]
Thematic Learning Objective:
WXT 1.0: Explain how different labor
systems developed in North America
and the United States, and explain
their effects on workers’ lives and
U.S. Society.
Key Concept 4.2: Innovations
in technology, agriculture, and commerce
powerfully accelerated the American economy, precipitating profound
changes to U.S. society and to national and regional identities.
II. The
changes caused by the market revolution had significant effects on U.S. society,
workers’ lives, and gender and family relations.
A) Increasing numbers of Americans, especially women and men working in factories, no longer relied on
semi-subsistence agriculture; instead they supported themselves producing goods for distant markets.
EVIDENCE:
CUL 3.0: Explain how ideas about
women’s rights and gender roles
have affected society and politics
CUL 4.0: Explain how different group
identities, including racial, ethnic,
class, and regional identities, have
emerged and changed over time.
B) The growth of manufacturing drove a significant increase in prosperity and standards of living for some;
this led to the emergence of a larger middle class and a small but wealthy business elite but also to a large
and growing population of laboring poor.
EVIDENCE:
C) Gender and family roles changed in response to the market revolution, particularly with the growth of
definitions of domestic ideals that emphasized the separation of public and private spheres.
EVIDENCE:
EVIDENCE PLANNER PERIOD: 4
[1800 -1848]
Thematic Learning Objective:
POL 3.0 Explain how different beliefs
about the federal government’s role
in U.S. social and economic life have
affected political debates and
policies.
Key Concept 4.2: Innovations
in technology, agriculture, and commerce
powerfully accelerated the American economy, precipitating profound
changes to U.S. society and to national and regional identities.
III. Economic
WXT 2.0 Explain how patterns of
exchange, markets, and private
enterprise have developed, and
analyze ways that governments have
responded to economic issues.
MIG 1.0 Explain the causes of
migration to colonial North America
and, later the United States, and
analyze immigration’s effects on U. S.
Society.
development shaped settlement and trade patterns, helping to unify the
nation while also encouraging the growth of different regions.
A) Large numbers of international migrants moved to industrializing northern cities, while
many Americans moved west of the Appalachians, developing thriving new communities along the Ohio and
Mississippi rivers.
EVIDENCE:
MIG 2.0 Analyze causes of internal
migration and patterns of settlement
in what would become the United
States, and explain how migration
has affected American life.
B) Increasing Southern cotton production and the related growth of Northern manufacturing, banking, and
shipping industries promoted the development of national and international commercial ties.
EVIDENCE:
C) Southern business leaders continued to rely on the production and export of traditional agricultural
staples, contributing to the growth of a distinctive Southern regional identity.
EVIDENCE:
D) Plans to further unify the U.S. economy, such as the American System, generated debates over whether
such policies would benefit agriculture or industry, potentially favoring different sections of the country.
EVIDENCE:
EVIDENCE PLANNER PERIOD: 4
[1800 -1848]
Thematic Learning Objective:
Key Concept 4.3: The U.S. interest
MIG 2.0 Analyze causes of internal
migration and patterns of settlement
in what would become the United
States, and explain how migration
has affected American life.
in increasing foreign trade and
expanding its national borders shaped the nation’s foreign policy and
spurred government and private initiatives.
I. Struggling
to create an independent global presence, the United States sought to
claim territory throughout the North American continent and promote foreign trade.
A) Following the Louisiana Purchase, the United States government sought influence and control over North
America and the Western Hemisphere through a variety of means, including exploration, military actions,
American Indian removal, and diplomatic efforts such as the Monroe Doctrine.
WOR 1.0 Explain how cultural
interaction, cooperation,
competition, and conflict between
empires, nations, and peoples have
influenced political, economic, and
social developments in North
America.
EVIDENCE:
WOR 2.0 Analyze the reasons for, and
results of, U.S. diplomatic, economic,
and military initiatives in North
America and overseas.
B) Frontier settlers tended to champion expansion efforts, while American Indian resistance led to a
sequence of wars and federal efforts to control and relocate American Indian populations.
EVIDENCE:
EVIDENCE PLANNER PERIOD: 4
[1800 -1848]
Thematic Learning Objective:
POL 2.0 Explain how popular
movements, reform efforts, and
activist groups have sought to change
American Society and institutions.
Key Concept 4.3: The U.S. interest
in increasing foreign trade and
expanding its national borders shaped the nation’s foreign policy and
spurred government and private initiatives.
II. The
United States’ acquisition of lands in the West gave rise to contests over the
extension of slavery into new territories.
A) As over-cultivation depleted arable land in the Southeast, slaveholders began relocating their plantations
to more fertile lands west of the Appalachians, where the institution of slavery continued to grow.
WXT 1.0: Explain how different labor
systems developed in North America
and the United States, and explain
their effects on workers’ lives and
U.S. Society.
CUL 4.0: Explain how different group
identities, including racial, ethnic,
class, and regional identities, have
emerged and changed over time.
EVIDENCE:
B) Antislavery efforts increased in the North, while in the South, although the majority of Southerners
owned no slaves, most leaders argued that slavery was part of the Southern way of life.
EVIDENCE:
GEO 1.0 Explain how geographic and
environmental factors shaped the
development of various communities,
and analyze how competition for and
debates over natural resources have
affected both interactions among
different groups and the
development of government policies.
C) Congressional attempts at political compromise, such as the Missouri Compromise, only temporarily
stemmed growing tensions between opponents and defenders of slavery.
EVIDENCE:
PERIOD 4: 1800-1848 - Overview
Summary After the peaceful transfer of political power following the 1800 election, the new republic struggled to define and extend democratic ideals in the face of rapid economic,
territorial, and demographic changes. In 1826, in the midst of the years covered in this period, the young nation celebrated its 50th birthday with great optimism. The founders of the
country were passing on and leadership had passed to a new generation. The United States developed the world’s first modern mass democracy, a new national culture, and a growing
market economy. However, sectional interests began to clash, as slavery, wealth disparities, reform efforts, and foreign relations issues threatened to challenge the nation’s ideals
moving into the Antebellum Era.
Beginning = Election of Thomas Jefferson (Rise of the Democratic- Republicans) in 1800 & Peaceful transition of power [Revolution of 1800] from Federalists to DemocraticRepublicans.
What do I need to know?
1. Why REGIONAL IDENTITIES arose between North, South, and West and how the MARKET REVOLUTION affected each region.
a. Examples: Eli Whitney Cotton Gin, Transportation Revolution (Steamboats, National Road, etc.), immigration and nativism, early factory system, support/opposition to
slavery
2. How American society became more DEMOCRATIC (for white men) in the Jacksonian Age and how various social movements attempted to improve society.
a. Examples: Second Great Awakening, Abolitionist Movement, Temperance, Seneca Falls Conference, Utopian Communities, Transcendentalism, Public Education,
Jackson’s actions as president (Indian Removal, Death of B.U.S., etc.)
3. Reasons for Growth of POLITICAL PARTIES
a.
Examples: First Party System (Republicans and Federalists) changes to Second Party System (Democrats and Whigs), Loose vs Strict interpretation of Constitution,
Anti-‐Jacksonians become Whigs, various third parties arose
4. The rise of the SLAVERY issue, and how slavery divided the country economically, socially, and politically beginning of SECTIONALISM
a.
Examples: American System, Tariff of Abominations, B.U.S., Missouri Compromise, Gag Rule
5. How States challenged FEDERAL authority, supremacy of federal government over the states
a. Examples: Hartford Convention, Nullification Crisis, Marshall Supreme Court, Nullification, Force Act
6. America as a world power…or at least trying to be. =)
a. Examples: Barbary Wars, War of 1812, Monroe Doctrine
End = Mexican/American War and Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo! 1848! Beginning of Sectionalism
Period Perspectives The new republic worked to define itself during a time of rapid demographic, economic, and territorial growth. It increased suffrage; reformed its schools,
prisons, and asylums; and developed its own art, literature, and philosophy. These changes took place as a market economy emerged and people benefited from the addition of fertile
land farther west and advances in industry and transportation everywhere. The country focused on expanding its borders and trade while avoiding European entanglements.
Alternate View While this period saw growth, the United States also experienced increased conflict with American Indians and its neighbors. Many of the immigrants attracted by
new opportunities also found prejudice and discrimination. Rights for the common man excluded American Indians, African Americans, and women. Efforts to improve life succeeded
for many but not those enslaved. Landmarks in the institution of slavery came earlier, with the development of the cotton gin in 1793 and the end of the importation of enslaved
Africans in 1808. Others came later, such as the Compromise of 1850.
PERIOD 4: 1800-1848 - Main Themes
Themes
National Identity
Work, Exchange, and Technology
Migration and Settlement
Politics and Power
America in the World
Geography and Environment
Culture and Society
Applied to this period
- American Identity separate from Europe – Romanticism, Transcendentalism, Second Great Awakening, Prison and Education
reform, Utopian Societies
- Democracy is defined – Jacksonian democracy, Abolitionism, and Temperance
- America as an independent nation – War of 1812, Monroe Doctrine
- Sectionalism vs. Nationalism – Plantation vs. Industrial System
- Interstate commerce conflict – state vs. federal power
- Industrialism of the North vs. Plantations/Cash crops of the South
- Transportation – Canals, Railroads, Toll Roads, American System
- Farming technology – cotton gin and Steele plow
- Industrial technology – steam engine, sewing machine, spinning jenny, water frame, interchangeable parts
- Regional differences (Sectionalism) – political, social (including religious), economic – North vs. South vs. West
- Technology – Telegraph and Railroad
- Westward expansion – Oregon/Santa Fe Trail, Mormons, Settlement of Texas, Conflict with Mexico, conflict with Indians and
Europeans
- Slavery in the South – slave trade
- Movement of American Indians West – Indian Removal Act, Trail of Tears
- Early immigration – Irish, Germans (cities, west of Appalachians)
- Federal vs State Rights! – MARSHALL-TANEYcourt cases, Nullification,
- New Political Parties – Federalists, Democrats, Whigs
- Gaining new land and territory expansion – Adams-Onis TREATY, Louisiana Purchase, 54-40 or Fight
- Slave vs. Free state states fight for power! – Missouri Compromise
- New rules about elections/citizenship – 10-12th amendments
- War of 1812 – Impact on America’s role in the world
- Mexican American War – Impact on America’s role in the Americas
- European vs. American interests in the Americas – 54-40 or Fight!, Adams-Onis Treaty, Oregon trail, Settlement of
Texas/Revolution
- Western Movement – Frontier is being “civilized”
- Industrialization of the North – pollution, urbanization, deforestation
- Plantations of the south – deforestation, large scale farming
- New ideas about religion – Second Great Awakening, Methodist Church, AME Church, etc.
- Equality Movements - Abolition, Temperance, Suffrage
- New American Artistic Identity – Romanticism, New dictionary, Transcendentalist writings, American landscape painting.