Download stoker-C24

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________
1. The primary site within the human body where carbohydrate digestion occurs is the
A) mouth.
B) stomach.
C) small intestine.
D) membranes of intestinal mucosal cells.
2. Which of the following conversions is accomplished by the process of glycolysis?
A) glucose to glycogen
B) glucose to pyruvate
C) starch to glucose
D) pyruvate to glucose
3. The first two intermediates in the process of glycolysis are, respectively,
A) glucose 6-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate.
B) glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate.
C) glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate.
D) glucose 1-phosphate and fructose 1-phosphate.
4. The transition from the C6 stage of glycolysis to the C3 stage involves the conversion of
the molecule fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into the C3 species
A) dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehydes.
B) dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
C) glyceraldehyde and 3-phosphoglycerate.
D) 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate.
5. How many total steps are there in the process of glycolysis?
A) six
B) eight
C) ten
D) twelve
6. How many glycolysis intermediates are molecules that contain one or more phosphate
groups?
A) two
B) four
C) six
D) nine
Page 1
7. How many steps in the glycolysis pathway have a C3 molecule as the reactant?
A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight
8. In the human body, under aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions, respectively,
pyruvate is converted to
A) lactate and ethanol.
B) lactate and acetyl CoA.
C) ethanol and lactate.
D) acetyl CoA and lactate.
9. Accumulation of which of the following substances is the cause of stiff and sore
muscles after vigorous exercise?
A) lactate
B) pyruvate
C) acetyl CoA
D) glycerate
10. The net yield of ATP from the complete oxidation of 9 molecules of glucose is
A) 108
B) 216
C) 270
D) 324
11. The net yield of ATP when 10 glucose molecules are metabolized during the process of
glycolysis is
A) 20
B) 40
C) 80
D) 120
12. The name of the process in which free glucose is converted to glycogen is
A) gluconeogenesis.
B) glycogenesis.
C) glycogenolysis.
D) glycolysis.
Page 2
13. Which of the following processes require UTP molecules?
A) formation of glycogen from glucose
B) degradation of glycogen to glucose
C) both the formation and degradation of glycogen
D) formation of glucose 1-phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate
14. Pyruvate is converted to glucose in which of the following processes?
A) glycogenesis
B) glycolysis
C) gluconeogenesis
D) glycogenolysis
15. Adding 8 glucose units to a growing glycogen chain
A) requires the investment of 16 ATP molecules
B) results in the production of 8 ATP molecules
C) does not require any triphosphate molecules
D) requires NAD+ as an oxidizing agent
16. Which of the following intermediates is involved in gluconeogensis but not in
glycolysis?
A) glucose 1-phosphate
B) pyruvate
C) oxaloacetate
D) phosphoenolpyruvate
17. Which of the following is a reactant in the first step of gluconeogenesis?
A) ATP
B) GTP
C) glucose
D) acetyl CoA
18. Which of the following substances are participants in the reactions encompassed by the
Cori cycle?
A) pyruvate and acetyl CoA
B) pyruvate and lactate
C) lactate and acetyl CoA
D) pyruvate, lactate and acetyl CoA
Page 3
19. Which of the following statements concerning the pentose phosphate pathway is
incorrect?
A) depending on the type of cell various amounts of glucose are degraded by the
pentose phosphate pathway
B) the major coenzyme produced by the pathway is NADP+
C) production of numerous sugar phosphates is a result of the pathway
D) in the first stage of the pathway glucose 6-phosphate is converted to ribulose
5-phosphate
20. Which of the following hormones promotes the uptake and use of glucose by cells?
A) insulin
B) glucagon
C) epinephrine
D) adrenaline
21. Which of the following statements concerning glycolysis is incorrect?
A) It is an oxidation process in which no molecular oxygen is used.
B) All reactions take place in the cytosol of a cell.
C) There are two stages, each of which involves a series of five reactions.
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
22. In two of the first three steps of glycolysis,
A) phosphorylation reactions occur.
B) isomerization reactions occur.
C) ATP is converted to ADP.
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
23. Which of the following C6 stage glycolysis intermediates is paired with the correct type
of enzyme needed for its production?
A) glucose 6-phosphate; kinase
B) fructose 6-phosphate; dehydrogenase
C) fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; mutase
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
Page 4
24. In which of the following steps of glycolysis does substrate-level phosphorylation
occur?
A) production of phosphoenolpyruvate
B) production of pyruvate
C) production of 2-phosphoglycerate
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
25. Which of the following C3 stage glycolysis intermediates undergoes an isomerization
reaction?
A) dihydroxyacetone phosphate
B) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
C) 3-phosphoglycerate
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
26. Intermediates in the glycolysis pathway include
A) two glucose derivatives.
B) three glycerate derivatives.
C) two pyruvate derivatives.
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
27. The regeneration of NAD+ from NADH occurs during the conversion of pyruvate to
A) lactate.
B) ethanol.
C) acetyl CoA.
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
28. Carbon dioxide is a product when lactate is converted to
A) pyruvate.
B) ethanol.
C) acetyl CoA.
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
Page 5
29. In which of the following processes is glucose the end product?
A) glycogenesis
B) glycogenolysis
C) glycolysis
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
30. Which of the following is a three-step process?
A) conversion of pyruvate to glucose
B) conversion of glucose to glycogen
C) conversion of glycogen to glucose
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
31. The compound glucose 1-phosphate is encountered in which of the following processes?
A) glycogenesis and glycogenolysis
B) glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
C) glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
32. The compound glucose 6-phosphate is not encountered in which of the following
processes?
A) conversion of pyruvate to glucose
B) conversion to glucose to pyruvate
C) conversion of glycogen to glucose
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
33. The compound oxaloacetate is an intermediate in the conversion of
A) glycogen to glucose.
B) pyruvate to glucose.
C) pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
Page 6
34. Which of the following is a product of the first stage of the pentose phosphate pathway?
A) carbon dioxide
B) a phosphorylated version of the coenzyme NADH
C) ribose 5-phosphate
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
35. Which of the following hormones increases blood glucose levels?
A) insulin and glucagon
B) insulin and epinephrine
C) glucagon and epinephrine
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response
Use the following to answer questions 36-45:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given
statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the
statements using the choices
a) All three statements are true.
b) Two of the three statements are true.
c) Only one of the statements is true.
d) None of the statements is true.
36. Statements:
(1) The three major monosaccharide products from carbohydrate digestion are glucose,
galactose, and ribose.
(2) In glycolysis, two ATP molecules are consumed and four ATP molecules are
produced.
(3) The Cori cycle is a process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate which is then
converted back to glucose.
A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.
Page 7
37. Statements:
(1) Glycogenesis and glycolysis are “opposite” processes.
(2) The focal point for carbohydrate metabolism is the molecule glucose.
(3) Production of 30 ATP molecules accompanies the complete oxidation of a glucose
molecule.
A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.
38. Statements:
(1) Absorption of monosaccharides through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream
involves passive transport.
(2) In the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, a carbon dioxide molecule is produced.
(3) Glucose degradation occurs in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.
A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.
39. Statements:
(1) The process of glycolysis converts a C6 molecule into three C2 molecules.
(2) The primary location where gluconeogenesis occurs is the liver.
(3) Pyruvate reduction to lactate occurs under aerobic conditions, and pyruvate
oxidation to acetyl CoA results from anaerobic conditions.
A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.
40. Statements:
(1) Glucose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in both glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.
(2) Conversion of ATP to ADP occurs in both steps 1 and 3 of glycolysis.
(3) In the oxidative stage of the pentose phosphate pathway, a hexose phosphate is
converted to a pentose phosphate and carbon dioxide.
A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.
Page 8
41. Statements:
(1) Gluconeogenesis is a process through which glucose can be synthesized from
noncarbohydrate materials.
(2) The process of glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of a cell.
(3) Insulin's function is to increase blood glucose levels by speeding up the conversion
of glycogen to glucose.
A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.
42. Statements:
(1) All intermediates in the C3 stage of glycolysis are phosphorylated derivatives of
either glycerol or acetone.
(2) The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth, continues in the stomach, and is
completed in the small intestine.
(3) The storage form for excess glucose in the body is glycogen produced by
glycogenesis.
A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.
43. Statements:
(1) The conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to glucose, the last step of glycogenolysis,
does not occur in muscle and brain cells.
(2) The two triose phosphates initially formed in glycolysis are dihydroxyacetone
phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
(3) ATP production during glycolysis occurs via substrate-level phosphorylation.
A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.
Page 9
44. Statements:
(1) The first step of glycolysis involves the phosphorylation of glucose to produce
glucose 1-phosphate.
(2) The processing of one glucose molecule via glycolysis produces two acetyl CoA
molecules and two carbon dioxide molecules.
(3) The majority of ATP molecules produced during the complete oxidation of glucose
form during the glycolysis phase of oxidation.
A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.
45. Statements:
(1) Lactate accumulation is the cause of muscle pain and cramping during prolonged,
strenuous exercise.
(2) Lactate production during exercise lowers blood pH, which triggers faster breathing.
(3) The effects of both type I and type II diabetes are the same - inadequate glucose
uptake by cells.
A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.
Use the following to answer questions 46-50:
Assign each of the characterizations to one of the metabolic pathways listed in the response list.
Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
a) gluconeogenesis
b) glycogenesis
c) glycogenolysis
d) glycolysis
46. Glucose is converted to two pyruvates.
47. Glycogen is synthesized from glucose.
48. Glycogen is broken down into free glucose units.
49. Glucose is synthesized from pyruvate.
Page 10
50. Two C3 molecules combine to give a C6 molecule.
Use the following to answer questions 51-55:
Assign each of the reaction characterizations to one of the metabolic pathways listed in the
responses. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
a) gluconeogenesis
b) glycogenesis
c) glycogenolysis
d) glycolysis
51. Fructose 6-phosphate is the product formed in the second step of this process.
52. Formation of UDP-glucose is part of this process.
53. Oxaloacetate is the product formed in the first step of this process.
54. Two trioses combine to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate as part of this process.
55. Glucose 6-phosphate is converted to glucose 1-phosphate as part of this process.
Use the following to answer questions 56-60:
How many steps in glycolysis have the characteristics listed? Respond using the response list.
Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
a) one step
b) two steps
c) three steps
d) four steps
56. ATP is converted to ADP.
57. An isomerization reaction occurs.
Page 11
58. Substrate-phosphorylation occurs.
59. A bisphosphate molecule is formed.
60. A glycerate derivative is formed.
Use the following to answer questions 61-65:
What is the ATP yield per glucose molecule in each of the following processes? Respond using
the list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
a) 2 ATP
b) 4 ATP
c) 10 ATP
d) 30 ATP
61. Glycolysis
62. Glycolysis plus the common metabolic pathway
63. Glycolysis plus oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
64. Glycolysis plus reduction of pyruvate to lactate
65. Glycolysis plus reduction of pyruvate to ethanol
Use the following to answer questions 66-70:
For each of the chemical changes, choose from the response list a correct name for the process or
the conditions under which it occurs. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used
at all.
a) Cori cycle
b) an anaerobic process
c) oxidative stage of pentose phosphate pathway
d) nonoxidative stage of pentose phosphate pathway
Page 12
66. Pyruvate to lactate
67. Pyruvate to ethanol
68. Glucose to pyruvate to lactate to pyruvate to glucose
69. Glucose 6-phosphate to ribulose 5-phosphate
70. Ribulose 5-phosphate to ribose 5-phosphate
Page 13
Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
C
B
C
B
C
D
C
D
A
C
A
B
A
C
A
C
A
B
B
A
C
D
A
B
D
B
D
D
B
D
A
E
B
D
C
C
B
B
C
A
B
B
A
D
Page 14
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
A
d
b
c
a
a
d
b
a
a
b
b
c
b
b
c
a
d
a
a
a
b
b
a
c
d
Page 15