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What%have%we%covered%so%far? • Atomic%Structure%– what%do%we%know%about… – Protons – Neutrons – Electrons – Net%charge – Atomic%number – Mass%number • Atomic%Theory%– who,%what,%when,%model Let’s&review&the&worksheet (HINT:&&answer&these&questions&first) 1. What%is%the%atomic%number? 2. What%does%atomic%number%tell%us%about%the% number%of%subatomic%particles? 3. What%is%the%difference%between%a%neutral% atom%and%an%ion? 4. What%is%mass%number?%%What%do%we%need%to% have%to%know%the%mass%number?%% 5. What%is%isotopic%notation? basic_atomic_structure_w orksheet.docx PARTS%OF%AN%ATOM NUCLEUS:%center%of%the% atom%(inside): • Protons,%“p” – positively charged – Mass%=%one%atomic% mass%unit%(~1%amu) • Neutrons,%“n” – no%charge%(neutral) – Mass%=%one%atomic% mass%unit%(~1%amu) PARTS%OF%AN%ATOM OUTSIDE&NUCLEUS • Electrons,%“e” – negatively%charged – very%little%mass% compared%to% protons%and% neutrons – Mass%=%zero%atomic% mass%unit%(~0%amu) What&is&a.m.u.? • A%unit%that%is%used%to%show%RELATIVE%mass 3&a.m.u. 1&a.m.u. 2&a.m.u. All%three%are%similar%because%they%are%apples,%but%they%have% different%characteristics.%%Think%of%atoms%the%same%way.%%They% are%all%atoms,%but%they%have%different%characteristics. What&is&atomic&mass&unit? • A%unit%that%is%used%to%show%RELATIVE%mass%of%atoms% compared%to%a%REFERENCE%atom – Carbon\12%is%used%as%the%reference%atom – Carbon\12%has%a%relative%isotopic%mass%of%~12%amu • Hydrogen\1%is%the%smallest%atom%and%contains%only%1% proton.%%It%is%1/12th the%mass%of%carbon\12. • So…1%amu is%approximately equal%to%the%mass%of%1% proton%or%1%neutron%since%they%are%the%same%mass • The%mass%of%an%electron%is%so%small%(1/1840%mass%of% carbon\12%atom)%it%is%assigned%a%mass%of%0%amu SUB$ ATOMIC+ PARTICLE LOCATION CHARGE MASS+(amu) Proton Inside Positive1+ 1 nucleus (p+) Inside Neutral10 nucleus (n0) Outside1 Negative1– nucleus (e=) Neutron Electron 1 0 What&is&meant&by&the&mass&of&an& atom? • Key%Terms%to%Think%About: – Atomic%Number – Mass%Number – Isotope – Atomic%Mass • Mass%Simulation Mass&Number&vs&Atomic&Mass Atomic&Mass&vs&Mass&Number What&is&Atomic&Mass? • Atomic%mass%is%the%weighted average%of%mass% numbers%of%all%the%naturally%occurring%isotopes% of%a%given%element • There%are%many%artificially\created%isotopes% (created%through%nuclear%reactions). • Isotopes%of%Elements Mass&Number&vs Atomic&Mass Mass&Number Atomic&Mass • The&SUM&of&the&protons& and&neutrons&in&the& nucleus&of&a&given&isotope& of&an&atom • The&WEIGHTED&AVERAGE&of& all&the&mass&numbers&of&all& the&isotopes&of&an&element • NOT&provided&in&the& periodic&table • Is&PROVIDED&in&the&periodic& table • Listed&in&element&“box”& with&atomic&number • Identified&with&name&or& symbol LithiumP6,& 6 3 Li Periodic&Table&Information Atomic+Number Atomic+Mass Nuclear&Particles Radiation Type Alpha Beta Gamma Relative Damage MOST% damaging Less% damaging Very little% tissue% damage How Stopped Paper Aluminum% foil Thick%lead% shield Natural&Radioactive&Decay Natural&Radioactive&Decay&Equations During%Beta% (\)%decay%a% neutron% turns%into%a% proton%and% an%electron% is%emitted.% Radioisotopes&in&Medicine&and&HalfPLife • Holmium\166%(26%h):%Being%developed%for%diagnosis%and%treatment% of%liver%tumors. • Phosphorus\32%(14%d):%Used%in%the%treatment%of%polycythemia%vera% (excess%red%blood%cells).%Beta%emitter • Iodine\131%(8%d):%Widely%used%in%treating%thyroid%cancer%and%in% imaging%the%thyroid;%also%in%diagnosis%of%abnormal%liver%function,% renal%(kidney)%blood%flow%and%urinary%tract%obstruction.%A%strong% gamma%emitter,%but%used%for%beta%therapy. • Iridium\192%(74%d):%Supplied%in%wire%form%for%use%as%an%internal% radiotherapy%source%for%cancer%treatment%(used%then%removed).% Beta%emitter. • Strontium\89%(50%d):%Very%effective%in%reducing%the%pain%of%prostate% and%bone%cancer.%Beta%emitter. http://www.world=nuclear.org/info/Non=Power=Nuclear= Applications/Radioisotopes/Radioisotopes=in=Medicine/ Atomic%Theory%Timeline%Activity Who Test%/%Tool%/% Procedure Evidence Discovery%/% Theory Model%of%Atom Items%in%the%same%category%(column)%have%similar%design%and/or%framing Atomic&Theory&Recap • History%of%Atomic%Theory