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Name Date Class Models of the Solar System Inquiry Warm-Up, What Is at the Center? In the Inquiry Warm-Up, you investigated whether Earth or the sun is at the center of the solar system. Using what you learned from that activity, answer the questions below. 1. INFER Why did early astronomers believe the sun revolved around Earth? 2. COMMUNICATE Draw and label a diagram of Step 2. 3. COMMUNICATE Draw and label a diagram of Step 4. 4. ANALYZE SOURCES OF ERROR What would early astronomers have needed to have a better understanding of the position of Earth and the sun? 81A Name Date Models of the Solar System What Was the Geocentric Model? I get it! Now I know that the geocentric model is I need extra help with How Did the Heliocentric Model Develop? 1a. REVIEW (Kepler/Copernicus) discovered that planets move in ellipses. b. RELATE EVIDENCE AND EXPLANATION What discoveries by Galileo support the heliocentric model? I get it! Now I know that the heliocentric model was developed I need extra help with 81B Class Name Date Class Models of the Solar System On a separate sheet of paper, compare and contrast the geocentric model and the heliocentric model. Underline the name of the model that is correct. 81C Name Date Class Models of the Solar System Understanding Main Ideas Use the diagrams below to answer the questions in the spaces provided. Ancient Greek Model Ptolemy‘s Geocentric Model Copernicus‘s Heliocentric Model 1. What is the main difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models? 2. How do the ancient Greek model and Ptolemy’s model differ? 3. How did Galileo’s observations of Jupiter and Venus support Copernicus’s model? Building Vocabulary On a separate sheet of paper, write a definition for each of these terms. 4. heliocentric 5. ellipse 6. geocentric 81D Name Date Class Models of the Solar System Read the passage and study the diagram below. Then use a separate sheet of paper to answer the questions that follow. The Phases of Venus Why did Galileo infer that the phases of Venus are a result of that planet’s moving around the sun rather than around Earth? After all, the moon has phases, and it revolves around Earth. The answer lies in how Venus’s apparent shape and size change. Figure 1 shows Venus at several places in its orbit. Figure 2 shows how Venus would appear at these places if viewed with a telescope from Earth. The phases of Venus look a lot like those of the moon, including full, half, crescent, and new. There is an important difference, though. The full Venus looks less than half as wide as the crescent Venus. This means that when it is full, Venus is much farther away from Earth than when it is crescent or new. Galileo also knew that Venus is called the morning star or the evening star because it is never very far from the sun in the sky. Combining these observations, Galileo reasoned that Venus must revolve around the sun. 1. How is the position of the full moon in relation to Earth and the sun different from the position of the full Venus in relation to Earth and the sun? Does the apparent size of the moon change with its phases? 2. Where is the moon located, relative to Earth and the sun, when it is new? What about Venus? 3. The moon has phases too. Why doesn’t that make us think the moon revolves around the sun, rather than around Earth? 81E Name Date Class Models of the Solar System If the statement is true, write true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. 1. Ge is the Greek word for “Earth.” 2. Helios is the Latin word for “Sun.” 3. A(n) octagon is an oval shape, such as the planets’ orbits. 4. Galileo discovered six moons around Jupiter. Ptolemy’s model explained the motions observed in the sky 5. fairly accurately. 6. In ancient times, people could not accept that the sun was the center of the universe. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 7. In the late 1500s, Ptolemy’s observations were supplanted by those of A later Greek astronomers B later Polish astronomers C Edwin Hubble D Tycho Brahe 9. People became convinced that the heliocentric model is correct after evaluating evidence collected by A Galileo Galilei B Nicolaus Copernicus C Tycho Brahe D Johannes Kepler 8. 10. 81F The arrangement of the known planets and how they move around the sun was first worked out by A Galileo Galilei B Nicolaus Copernicus C Tycho Brahe D Johannes Kepler Earth is at the center of the revolving planets and stars in a(n) A heliocentric model B astrological model C geocentric model D Copernican model