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Alexei Barabashev, Professor, Dean of the School of Public Administration, State University - Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia New Perspectives for Education and Training of Civil Servants in Russia 1. Since the early 1990s, Public Administration education in Russia was contained as a subpart of the general education category of “Management”. Also, the education in Public Administration was structured around a 5-year program of specialists (so-called Specialitet). In the first part of my talk, I will explain how the managerial orientation of Public Administration education influenced the curricula. I will describe the general outline and the list of disciplines in curricula and the requests in the curricula for more elaborated professional competences, based on an understanding of work in Government and in municipal bodies as the business-process. Due to that business orientation, prospective employers of students mostly have been private companies, not government and municipal bodies. I will present some data about distribution of students after they finish their education between Government and municipal organizations and business that illustrates this situation. I also will try to explain the reasons for this paradox, which is not completely based on differences in salary. For the Schools of Public Administration in Russia, the interpretation of Public Administration education, as profile in Management has became a limiting factor in their effort to realize their educational mission for a variety of reasons: a) Students can not understand the difference of Management and Public Administration, and so it is difficult for them to choose between the types of schools. b) Most students who finish the program in Public Administration Schools go into business. c) The masters degree programs in Public Administration was not popular for students: why to enter the 2-years master degree program, if, after the students finish the 5-years program of Specialitet, they could pretend on the same positions in Government bodies. I will illustrate this problem with some statistics regarding the masters programs including number of programs, number of students, and distribution of students after they finish the programs. d) It is difficult to develop the special courses in Public Administration when it is a part of Management because a lot of credit hours are already reserved for managerial business-oriented disciplines. 2. I would like to present the short history of previous and present attempts of the leading Russian Schools of Public Administration to alter the broadly distributed understanding of Public Administration education as profile in Management education, and to establish the Public Administration education as separate category of “Public Administration”, regulated by its own State Standards. Firstly, I will describe the system of State Educational Standards that existed in Russia and how such Standards are introduced and regulated by State. It is highly centralized and bureaucratic system, much different than the European system of educational programs evaluation. Secondly, I will try to explain our steps toward increasing the role of Non-Governmental Professional Associations in this process, and process of moving from bureaucratic regulations toward self-regulatory procedures. The history of attempts to establish Public Administration education as separate educational direction consist of 3 periods: (a) creation of first Russian Schools of Public Administration and their origin from social sciences departments, from economics departments, and from Communist Party cadres schools (1991-1995); (b) establishment of Public Administration as the profile in educational direction of Management, which is tightly connected with economics in the so-called “State Standards of Second Generation” (1996-2005); and (c) the struggle for 3rd generation of Standards (2006present). Two key moments of the 3rd (present) period are: Establishing of a Soviet for Public Administration Programs for Executives under the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (2008). I will describe the latest decisions of the Soviet, list of Institutes which participate, and the present proposals. Establishing of all-Russian Association of the Schools of Public Administration (2007, beginning from October 2009 that provided a means for leading Schools of Public Administration to unify their positions and to insist on the establishment of new direction of Public Administration education for students on level of Bachelors and Masters, in parallel with educational direction of Management. The system of participance in the Association will be described, and problems of interaction of Association with other Associations of PA, including NISPAcee and APPAM, will be discussed. 3. In the third part of the talk, I will describe the present situation with education in the area of Public Administration in Russia. This situation can be generally characterized as the “breakout”, or as the rapid change from old managerial style of curricula to new curricula, professionally oriented toward administrative needs. On the level of executive training (Master Degree programs for executives), the State Regulations already approved by Ministry of Education and Science (February 8, 2008), and such education is proposed for mid-term civil servants, who wish to obtain managerial positions in Government bodies on Federal and Regional levels. The first 2 Master Degree for executives programs have already started in Russian Academy of State Service (Moscow) and in State University - Higher School of Economics (Moscow). Three more programs are under process of approval now. I will try to describe those programs, their curricula, the data about participants (most are from the regions of Russia). The specific of its financing, period of realization, and the competitions among different universities to win the tenders on the right to realize such a program will be discussed. On the level of Master degree programs in Public Administration for students the new State Standard of 3rd Generation has been approved as separate category from State Management Standard. The list of new profiles inside the Public Administration Standard (specializations), and new Public Administration curricula will be elaborated. In a near future, we are ready to reconstruct our curricula according new Standard. However, some Universities (2 National Universities – Moscow State University, SPb State University, 7 Federal universities in Federal districts, plus 13 National Research Universities) have now the right to create their own Standards. One of the open questions about Public Administration education is how these universities will realize their right to go beyond the State Standards of 3rd Generation. I will try to explain the position of State University – Higher School of Economics about the Standards, and how we will try to reconstruct our curricula in Public Administration for Master Degree students. On the level of the Bachelors degree in Public Administration for students, the situation also changed: a new standard has been developed, and is in the process of approval by Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. But, up to now the transitional period of transfer from 5-years programs of Specialitet in Public Administration (as profile in Management) toward 4-years bachelor degree programs in Public Administration as separate educational direction is not specified. The problem, as it seems to me, consist of differences among the Schools of Public Administration, and impossibility of introducing the new Standard for all Schools “at once” as some Schools are not ready to satisfy the requirements, and could fail. 4. In the last part of my talk, I will try to evaluate Public Administration education in Russia on all those levels for the immediate future, and compare them to the perspectives of other “neighbor” educational categories such as Management, Economy, and Political Sciences. The demographic crisis in Russia, Russian needs for certain types of employees, and segmentation in the job market will give to Public Administration education in Russia some additional attractiveness in comparison with other mentioned educational categories. In summation, I will argue that the future of Public Administrative education in Russia seem better than its present situation.