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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ
РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН
СЕМИПАЛАТИНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ
ШАКАРИМА
ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТ
КАФЕДРА ИНОСТРАННОЙ ФИЛОЛОГИИ
УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ КОМПЛЕКС
ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ
«Базовый основной иностранный язык (уровень А2)
для специальности «050119» – «Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка»
Семей 2013
Составитель Лепинская С.Н, преподаватель кафедры иностранной филологии
______________________________________
Утверждено на заседании кафедры:
Протокол № 1 от «____» _____________ 2013года.
Обсуждено на заседании учебно-методического совета филологического факультета
Протокол № 1 от «____» ____________ 2013 года
Утверждено Ученым советом филологического факультета
Протокол № 1 от «____» _____________ 2013 года
Декан филологического факультета, к.и.н.:
А.К. _________________________
«СОГЛАСОВАНО»
Начальник офиса Регистратора: _________________ Ш.Т. Ахметова
«____» _____________ 2013 года
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Содержание
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2
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10
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Область применения
Общие положения
Литература
Рабочая программа дисциплины для преподавателя (Syllabus).
Содержание дисциплины. Распределение часов по видам занятий
Требования к курсу. Критерии и система оценивания знаний студентов
Глоссарий
Тематико-содержательный план учебного курса
Уровни компетенций общеевропейского стандарта
Требования к уровням обученности студентов
Методические рекомендации
Планы практических занятий и СРСП
Методические рекомендации
Задания для СРС
Рекомендации для подготовки к экзамену
Формы контроля
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3
4
6
6
8
18
19
21
23
30
44
50
131
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Учебно-методический комплекс дисциплины
«Базовый основной иностранный язык уровень А2»
1. Область применения
Учебно-методический комплекс по дисциплине «Базовый основной
иностранный язык уровень А2» предназначен для студентов специальности
«050119» – «Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка». Он знакомит студентов с
содержанием курса, его актуальностью и необходимостью, политикой курса, с теми
навыками и умениями, которые студенты приобретут в процессе обучения. Учебнометодический комплекс является основным руководством при изучении дисциплины.
2. Общие положения
 Лепинская С.Н. преподаватель
 Кафедра иностранной филологии
 Контактная информация – тел. 53-11-00
учебный корпус № 8, кабинет № 321;
 Место проведения занятий – учебный корпус № 8;
 Название дисциплины – «Базовый основной иностранный язык уровень А2»;
Выписка из рабочего учебного плана:
Курс
Семестр
Кредиты
Практ.занятия
1 (А2)
1
3
45
экзаме
н
3,5
РК
Всего
7
55,5
Форма
контроля
Экзамен
Краткое описание содержания дисциплины.
Курс «Базовый основной иностранный язык (английский)» уровень А2 имеет
объектом своего изучения устную и письменную английскую речь, включая
грамматику, фонетику и домашнее чтение.
Целью курса является обучение устной речи на основе развития необходимых
автоматизированных речевых навыков, развитие техники чтении и умения понимать
английский текст, содержащий ранее усвоенную лексику и грамматику, а также развитие
навыков письменной речи в пределах программы, Развитие навыков монологической и
диалогической речи на заданную тему, развитие навыков аудирования.
Задача курса заключается в том, совершенствовать коммуникативные умения,
систематизировать филологические знания и их практические применения, развивать умения
творческого владения устной и письменной речью в различных коммуникативных сферах и
ситуациях общения.
По завершению курса студенты должны уметь
- излагать свои мысли на иностранном языке соответственно нормам языка;
- поддержать беседу на заданную тему;
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- соотносить языковые средства с конкретными сферами, ситуациями и задачами
общения.
- вести беседу на профессиональные и повседневные темы;
-запрашивать информацию, подтверждать сведения, выражать просьбу, поддерживать
разговор.
-понимать на слух иноязычную речь, построенную на программном языковом
материале;
-определить тему текста, озаглавить прослушанный текст, перечислить основные
факты и передать содержание текста на английском языке
-понимать 70-75% информации, содержащейся в тексте после первого прочтения;
-читать литературу по специальности для ознакомления с зарубежным опытом и
критической оценке информации;
-читать текст со словарём и без, понимать прочитанное, уметь передать содержание.
-логично и последовательно излагать прослушанный или прочитанный текст в
письменной форме;
-написать небольшое письменное сообщение по изучаемой теме.
Пререквизиты курса:
 Английский язык, Базовый основной ИЯ: уровень А1, А2
Постреквизиты курса:
 все дисциплины по английскому языку
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3. Список литературы.
1. “New Inside Out” Pre-Intermediate Student’s book
2. “New English File. Elementary Workbook” C. Oxenden, C. Lathan-Koenig, P.
Selidson.
3. “Intermediate grammar” by Alexander, Longman
Дополнительная литература.
1. “Inside Out. Elementary Student’s Book” S. Kay, V. Jones.
2. Upstream Intermediate Oxford Press University
3. “English Grammar Reference & Practice” Т.Ю. Дроздова, А.И. Берестова, В.Г.
Маилова
4. “The Lighter Side of TOEFL” edited by T. Kral
5. “Games for Vocabulary Practice” F. O’Dell, K. Head
6. “Games for Grammar Practice” M. Zaorob, E. Chin
7. KET and PET tests.
8. “English Vocabulary in Use” Elementary. Michael Mc Carthy, Felicity O’Dell
9. “English Grammar in Use” by Raymond Murphy
10. “Grammar for IELTS”, Cambridge, Diana Hopkins with Pauline Cullen
Дополнительные источники
Поисковые и справочные системы Интернет:
www.yahoo.com
www.altavista.com
www.google.com
www.hotbot.com
Предметное содержание речи.
(Сферы общения, речевая тематика, ситуации, проблемы).
Коммуникативные сферы, темы, субтемы, реализующие коммуникативные цели 1
курс
I. Социально-бытовая сфера
1. Первые контакты.
Имя. Фамилия. Национальность. Пол. Дата и год рождения. Место жительства. Место
работы.
2. Семья в современном обществе
Состав семьи. Родственные связи. Повседневная жизнь семьи. Семейные отношения.
Деньги, цены, семейный бюджет. Основные траты. Отношения между поколениями в
семье.
3. Современное жилище
Типы жилья (городской, сельский, дом, квартира, общежитие). Поиск квартиры. Плата
за жилье. Мебель. Проживание в отеле и услуги.
4. Еда
Продукты питания. Продовольственный магазин. Места общественного питания.
Студенческая столовая. Гастрономические традиции.
5. Одежда
Покупки. Супермаркеты и бутики. Современная мода.
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II. Учебно-профессиональная сфера
6. Учеба и жизнь студентов в стране и за рубежом
Выбор профессии. Рабочий день студента. Режим студента. Наш университет. Досуг
студентов. Обучение языкам.
7. Здоровье. Спорт и здоровый образ жизни
Части тела. Личная гигиена. Основные болезни и их профилактика.
Самочувствие
человека.
Физическая
культура
и
спорт.
Выдающиеся
представители отечественного и зарубежного спорта.
Из истории возникновения
Олимпийских игр.
8. Свободное время
Города и их достопримечательности (музей, театры, выставки, памятники). Ориентация
в городе. Путешествие. Средства массовой информации.
Ш. Социально-культурная сфера
9. Города и страны
Географическое положение. Климат. Окружающая среда. Природа. Времена года.
10.Праздники, традиции и обычаи
Семейные обычаи и традиции празднования дня рождения, рождения ребенка.
Национальные праздники (Новый год, 1 мая. Праздник Победы и другие)
11. Литература и искусство в нашей жизни
Современная литература в нашей стране и стране изучаемого языка. Мой любимый
отечественный и зарубежный писатель.
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4. Глоссарий.
Heroes and Villains:
Character and appearance: nervous, gloomy, suspicious, selfish, irritable, shy, lost, lacking self–
reliance,talented,trusting,wavery,weak–willed,conflict,irresponsible, unpunctual, lazy, indifferent, non
industrious hard-working, active. attentive, responsible for work, concentrate on main things, friendly,
faithful, frank, generous, open – hearted, brave, kind, sensitive, creative, hopeful, gifted, genius.
Build: powerful, slight, slim ,solid.
Height: tall, short, medium.
Age: young, middle age, old.
Shape of face: oval, square, round, thin.
Complexion: dark, fair, swarthy.
Hair: red, fair, chestnut, black, short, curly, long, thin, thick, straight, bald patch, bald head.
Forehead: broad, narrow.
Nose: snub, straight, hooked.
Eyes: blue, brown, hazel, wide-set, close-set, deep-set.
Eye-brows: straight, bushy, thin.
Eye-lids: heavy, drooping.
Lips: full, well-cut.
Parents, father, mother, sister, brother
Son, daughter
Grandfather, grandmother, grandson, granddaughter
Grandchildren, grandparents
Great-grandfather, great- grandmother, great-grandchildren, great-grandparents
Uncle, aunt, cousin, nephew, niece
Husband, wife, father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law
Stepfather, stepmother, stepchildren, stepbrother (son, daughter, sister)
Worker, mechanic, turner, locksmith, farmer, engineer, teacher, doctor, surgeon, dentist, soldier,
sailor, pilot, officer, salesman, saleswoman (shop-assistant, shop-girl), research worker, architect,
lawyer, journalist, typist, driver, actor, actress, composer, painter, writer, poet, playwright, musician,
conductor, chemist, physicist, accountant, book-keeper
Fit for a life. Healthy lifestyle:
Aerobics, athletics, back trouble, backache, baseball, billiards, bowling
To eradicate disease,
to keep fit,
to prevent ill health,
to promote teamwork,
to relax,
to diagnose illness,
to impose self discipline,
to cultivate a competitive spirit,
to improve quality of life,
to increase life expectancy, conventional medicine,
inflamed joints, blurred vision,
invigorating,
to catch a cold,
inclination,
to flick through.
Holidays. Celebrations:
To have a (birthday) party
To invite guests; to accept the invitation (present); to receive visitors
To have a walk; to go hiking; to gad about; mountain climbing
To laugh at; to tell jokes
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Seat (in the stalls; in the orchestra stalls; in the pit stalls; in the pit; in the dress-circle; in a
box)
To play the part of; leading part; applause; a storm of applause
Curtain call; the first night; rehearsal; refreshment room; concert hall
Amusing, attract
Barbeque, bizarre, bouquet,
Luck/fortune,
Wedding, get married ,couple, to marry smb, to kiss, to fall in love, marry for smth, bachelor,
bride, groom, matrimonial happiness, to hurry into marriage, to make a date for smb.
go to the cinema
go to the pictures
go to the movies
go to the theatre
play
act with brilliance
book a ticket
cast
applaud
be at one’s best
be bored to death
a sheer waste of time
the leading part
actor
actress
comedy
horror film
thriller
adventure film
fantastic film
feature film
documentary film
cartoon
action film
knit
sew
embroidery
take photographs (pictures)
collect stamps/coins
Eating out:
Breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper, first course, second course, dessert, for the first course
A plate, a glass, a cup, a saucer, a tea-pot, a kettle, a fork, a spoon, a knife
Bread, meat, fish, butter, eggs, cheese, sugar, sausage, bacon, herring
Potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, cabbage, cucumbers, beets, peas
Salt, mustard, pepper, water, milk, tea, coffee, cocoa, beer, wine, fruit-juice, honey
Soup (clear, cabbage, pea, fish), porridge, macaroni, salad, mashed potatoes, fried potatoes,
chops, cutlets, beefsteak, chicken, goose
Pudding, cake, sweets, pie, ice-cream, jam, jelly, stewed fruit
Apples, pears, plums, oranges, tangerines, grapes, bananas, berries, cherries, peaches, nuts
To have (to eat, to drink), to dine, to cook, to fry, to boil, to taste, to prefer
To lay the table, to sit down on the table, to be (to sit) at the table, to clear the table (to take
away the dirty dishes)
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Fit for life. Healthy lifestyle:
Aerobics, athletics, back trouble, backache, baseball, billiards, bowling
To eradicate disease,
to keep fit,
to prevent ill health,
to promote teamwork,
to relax,
to diagnose illness,
to impose self discipline,
to cultivate a competitive spirit,
to improve quality of life,
to increase life expectancy, conventional medicine,
inflamed joints, blurred vision,
invigorating,
to catch a cold,
inclination,
to flick through.
Education system.:
Attend lessons
Play truant
Suspension (suspend)
Expulsion (expell)
Favourite subjects
Tutor
GCSE
Keep in touch
National curriculum
Online
Portable stereo
PC (personal computer)
Flexible timetable (schedule)
Obtain degrees
Pocket calculator
To have high (low ) grades
Scientific experiment
Get qualification
Floppy disc
Chat room
Disc tray
Display
A wide range of
Viras
Surf the Net
Text messaging
Hang around the home
Be busy
Part (full) time job
Oversleep
Be on time
Plot summary
Deadline
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Environment. Climate:
Environmental problems and solutions
Endangered animals and protected species
Petrol station
Traffic congestion
Deforestation
Water (air) pollution
Environmental group
To protect the nature
Join “Green Peace”
Be a member of the environmental union
Animal adoption
Cinema.Theatre:
Going out
Showing
Fully-booked
Box office
To get tickets
Screenings
Upper circle
Perfomance times
15 minute interval
matinee perfomance
running time
seting prices
reduce prices
title of the fdilm
main subject
setting
colours
background
to have a good (bad) impression
to leave an unforgettable impression on
type of the film
cast/ characters
plot summary
set up
broadcast on BBC
to value
famous artists
Лингвистический компонент: грамматический и лексический минимум
Глаголы
Правильные и неправильные формы;
I.Модальные глаголы
Cаn - мочь, уметь (способность, просьба, разрешение)
Could - мог (способность, возможность, вежливая просьба)
Would - вежливая просьба)
Will - (предложение)
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Shall - (совет, предложение)
Should - (выражение совета)
May - (допущение возможности)
Might - (прошедшее время глагола may, выражение возможности)
have to - (обязанность)
ought to - (выражение обязанности, долга)
must - должен (неизбежность, обязанность)
mustn’t - (строгое запрещение)
need - (необходимость)
needn't - (отсутствие)
used to - инфинитив (прошедшие привычки)
IV. Условные предложения
0 Тип: An iron bar expands if/ when you heat it.
1 Тип: If you do that again, I'll leave.
2 Тип: I would tell you the answer if I knew it.
If I were you, I wouldn't do that again.
V. Косвенная речь
Заявлении, вопросы и команды: say, ask tell;
Не said that he felt ill.
I asked her if I could leave.
No one told me what to do.
Косвенные и прямые (врезанные) вопросы: know, wonder;
Do you know what he said ?
I wondered what he would do next.
VI. Вопросительные формы:
What, What ( + существительное)
Where; When
Who; Whose; Which
How; How much; How many; How often; I low long; и т.д.
Why
(включая вопросительные формы всех времен и модальные)
Местоимения
1. Личные относительные, притяжательные местоимения
2. Возвратные и усилительные: myself (сам(а)) и т. д.
3. Безличные: it, there
4. Указательные: this, that, these, those
5. Количественные: one, something, everybody,!* т.д.
6. Неопределенные: some, any, something, one, и т.д.
7. Относительные: who, which, that, whom, whose
Предлоги
Местонахождения: to, on, inside, next to, at(home), и т. д.
Времени: at, on, in, during, и т. д.
Направления: to, into, out of from, и т. д.
Средства: by, with
Другие: like, as, due to, owing to, и т. д.
Предложные обороты: at the beginning of by means of, и т.д.
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7. Methodological recommendations for students
Methodical recommendations for reading, listening and writing.
Good pronunciation helps you to communicate better.
You can easily improve your pronunciation.
Tip 1. Concentrate on English sounds, which you don’t have in your language.
Try to recognize phonetic symbols. Then you can check the pronunciation of words in
dictionary.
Tip 2. Many letters have more than one pronunciation. Try to see the spelling and
pronunciation rules. Many combinations of letters always make the same sounds.
Tip 3. When you pronounce a word try to exaggerate the stressed syllable. Always
underline the stressed syllable on a new word.
Tip 4. Pronounce strongly the stressed words or syllables. Say the other word quickly
without stress. Try to get the right rhythm in each sentence you say.
Tip 5. If you use the wrong intonation, they can think you are bored or unfriendly. Try
to sound interested friendly.
Tip 6. Practice your pronunciation outside class.
 Use a dictionary to help you to pronounce new words.
 Use ‘Listen and Speak’ cassette.
 Read aloud and record yourself on a cassette.
 Listen to spoken English as much as possible, e.g. songs, films.
Understanding spoken language is more difficult than reading because you don’t have
time to translate every word. In conversation people use a lot of constructions and weak form
(words which are not stressed) so it is possible to hear every word clearly. When you listen to
a cassette you can’t see the speaker’s face. This makes it more difficult.
Listening to cassettes or watching videos is a very good way to practice understanding
different voices, accents, and situations.
LISTENING FOR THE GENERAL IDEA
Tip 1. Relax. Don’t stop listening when you don’t understand words or phrases. It’s
normal not to understand everything. The first time you listen, just try to get an idea of what
you are listening to.
Tip 2. You don’t need to hear or remember every word. Try to listen for the key words –
words, which carry the important information. These are usually stressed. Focus on
understanding the general idea.
Tip 3. If you are listening to a cassette and have the script, use it to check what you have
and haven’t understood.
LISTENING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Tip 4. When you listen for specific information (e.g. a train time, a price in a shop) you
usually know more or less what you are going to hear. Concentrate on listening for what you
need to know. Don’t worry about understanding the rest.
Tip 5. It isn’t enough to listen only in class. You need to practice outside class too.
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You can:
 Record and listen to satellite TV news in English.
 Practise with the ‘Listen and Speak’ cassette.
 Listen to songs (and read the words if you can)
 Read ‘EASY READER’ with the cassette.
 Watch English films with subtitles.
 Talk to English-speakers as much as possible.
8. Темы СРСП
Уровень А2
№
1
Тема
Модуль 1
Socialeveryday
sphere
First contacts.
Numbers.
Цель и содержание
заданий
File1, a Nice to meet
you.
Simple/continuous;
stative verbs; phrasal
verb:GET
1.2 numbers 1-20, days
of the week.
1.3 vowel sounds, word
stress.
Литература
“New
English
File
Elementary book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
“English Grammar
in Use” by
R. Murphy.
Форма
контроля
Quiz (checking the
vocabulary of the
topic studied);
Oral and written ex-s
2
Family unity.
Verb to be.
File2, d Relatively
Famous.
1.2 Names of family
members
1.3 consonant sounds
“New
English
File
Elementary book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
“English Grammar
in Use” by
R. Murphy.
3
Family
relations.
Present
simple.
File2, d Relatively
Famous.
1.2 Names of family
members
1.3 consonant sounds
“New
English
File
Elementary
book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
“English Grammar
in Use” by
R. Murphy, Cambridge.
4
The problems
of
generations.
Present
simple
questions.
File2, d Relatively
Famous.
1.2 Names of family
members
1.3 consonant sounds
“New
English
File
Quiz (checking the
Elementary
book”
vocabulary of the
Opportunities-Beginner,
topic studied);
“English Grammar
Oral and written ex-s
in Use” by
R. Murphy, Cambridge.
5
My
flat/house.
File6, a A house with a
history
1.2 hoses, names of the
“New
English
File
Elementary
book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
14
Quiz
vocabulary.Compreh
ension tasks.
Oral and written ex-s
Quiz (checking the
vocabulary of the
topic studied);
Past simple.
rooms, furniture
1.3 there is\there are
“English Grammar
in Use” by
R. Murphy, Cambridge.
6
Selling and
buying a flat.
Prices.
Possessive s.
File6, b Anight in a
haunted hotel
1.2 verb phrases
1.3 possessive s and
present continuous
“New
English
File
Quiz (checking the
Elementary book”
vocabulary of the
Opportunities-Beginner,
topic studied);
“English Grammar
Oral and written ex-s
in Use” by
R. Murphy.
7
The house of
my dream.
Present
continuous
File6, a A house with a
history
1.2 hoses, names of the
rooms, furniture
1.3 there is\there are
“New
English
File
Elementary
book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
“English Grammar
in Use” by
R. Murphy, Cambridge.
Quiz
vocabulary.Compreh
ension tasks.
Oral and written ex-s
8
Food.
Healthy and
fast food.
Adjectives
and
modifiers.
“New
English
File
Elementary
book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
“English Grammar
in Use” by
R. Murphy, Cambridge.
Quiz
vocabulary.Compreh
ension tasks.
Oral and written ex-s
9
Shopping at
the grocery.
Telling the
time.
1О
Restaurant.
Adverbs of
frequency.
11
Shopping at
the
department
store.
File7, a What does your
food say about you?
1.2 names of food,
countable and
uncountable nouns
1.3 Present/past
participles;
past simple/continuous;
linkers; the definite/
indefinite article; used
to/would
File7, a What does your
food say about you?
1.2 names of food,
countable and
uncountable nouns
1.3 Present/past
participles;
past simple/continuous;
linkers; the definite/
indefinite article; used
to/would
File7, a What does your
food say about you?
1.2 names of food,
countable and
uncountable nouns
1.3 Present/past
participles;
past simple/continuous;
linkers; the definite/
indefinite article; used
to/would
File7, b How much
water do we need?
1.2 names of
departments, shops
Oral and written ex-s
“New
English
File
Quiz (checking the
Elementary
book”
vocabulary of the
Opportunities-Beginner,
topic studied);
“English Grammar
Oral and written ex-s
in Use” by
R. Murphy, Cambridge.
“New
English
File
Elementary book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
“English Grammar
in Use” by
R. Murphy.
Quiz
vocabulary.Compreh
ension tasks.
Oral and written ex-s
“New
English
File
Elementary
book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
“English Grammar
Quiz
vocabulary.Compreh
ension tasks.
Oral and written ex-s
15
Prepositions
of time.
12
Types of
shops.
Past
continuous.
13
Fashion.
Modern
tendencies.
Can / can’t.
14
Appearance
description.
Love, hate +
(verb + ing).
15
Sport and
healthy life
style.
Future
simple.
16
Illnesses and
their
treatment.
Was / were.
17
How is it
important to
be fit?! Past
simple.
1.3 quantifiers
1.4 Arakin V.D. Lesson
18 Shopping
File7, b How much
water do we need?
1.2 Types of shops &
shopping; products;
clothes; describing
objects; gifts; homes,
names of departments,
shops
1.3 quantifiers
1.4 Arakin V.D. Lesson
18 Shopping
File4, b Shopping –
men love it!! Arakin
V.D. Lesson 18
Shopping.
1.2 names of clothes,
modern tendencies
1.3 like + V ing
File3, a Pretty Woman
1.2 adjectives of
appearance
1.3 quite, very
in Use” by
R. Murphy, Cambridge
“New
English
File
Quiz (checking the
Elementary
book”
vocabulary of the
Opportunities-Beginner,
topic studied);
“English Grammar
Oral and written ex-s
in Use” by
R. Murphy, Cambridge.
“New
English
File
Elementary
book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
“English Grammar
in Use” by
R. Murphy, Cambridge.
Quiz
vocabulary.Compreh
ension tasks.
Oral and written ex-s
“New
English
File
Elementary book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
“English Grammar
in Use” by
R. Murphy,
Quiz
vocabulary.Compreh
ension tasks.
Oral and written ex-s
Types of sports; sport
injuries;
places & equipment;
personal
qualities
adjectives with
prepositions
1.2 Texts “The Last
Great Race”; Literature
Corner: “The Olympic
Anthem”
1.3
The
passive;
with/by; conditionals:
type 0, 1; if/unless;
linkers (result, addition,
contrast, etc) Phrasal
verbs: BRING
Names and kinds of
deseases,
symptoms,
methods of treatment
1.2 using Verb be in the
past
“New
English
File
Elementary
book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
“English Grammar
in Use” by
R. Murphy, Cambridge.
Quiz
vocabulary.Compreh
ension tasks.
Oral and written ex-s
“New
English
File
Elementary book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
“English Grammar
in Use” by
R. Murphy.
Quiz
vocabulary.Compreh
ension tasks.
Oral and written ex-s
Types of sports; sport
injuries;
places & equipment;
personal
qualities
“New
English
File
Quiz (checking the
Elementary
book”
vocabulary of the
Opportunities-Beginner,
topic studied);
“English Grammar
Oral and written ex-s
in Use” by
16
18
Keep on diet.
Past simple
irregular
verbs.
19
Модуль 2
social and
cultural
sphere
Leisure time.
Future
continuous.
2О
An
unforgettable
holiday.
Future in the
past.
adjectives with
prepositions
1.2 Texts “The Last
Great Race”; Literature
Corner: “The Olympic
Anthem”
1.3 The passive;
with/by; conditionals:
type 0, 1; if/unless;
linkers (result, addition,
contrast, etc) Phrasal
verbs: BRING
File7, a What does your
food say about you?
1.2 names of food,
countable and
uncountable nouns
1.3 Present/past
participles;
past simple/continuous;
linkers; the definite/
indefinite article; used
to/would
Types of holidays, sites
& resorts; climate &
weather; holiday
equipment; means of
transport prepositional
phrases
1.2 “Looking for the
ideal
getaway?”;
Literature
Corner:
“Gulliver's Travels” by
Jonathan Swift;
1.3 Present/past
participles;
past simple/continuous;
linkers; the definite/
indefinite article; used
to/would
Phrasal verbs: COME
Types of holidays, sites
& resorts; climate &
weather; holiday
equipment; means of
transport prepositional
phrasesCelebrations
festivals & events
traditional celebrations
& customs; festive
activities; feelings;
greetings cards verbs
with prepositions
1.2 Phrasal verbs:
BREAK
1.3 past
R. Murphy, Cambridge.
“New
English
File
Elementary
book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
“English Grammar
in Use” by
R. Murphy, Cambridge.
Quiz
vocabulary.Compreh
ension tasks.
Oral and written ex-s
“New
English
File
Elementary
book”
Opportunities-Beginner,
“English Grammar
in Use” by
R. Murphy, Cambridge.
Quiz
vocabulary.Compreh
ension tasks.
Oral and written ex-s
“New
English
File
Quiz (checking the
Elementary book”
vocabulary of the
Opportunities-Beginner,
topic studied);
“English Grammar
Oral and written ex-s
in Use” by
R. Murphy.
17
simple/continuous;
linkers; the definite/
indefinite article; used
to/would
Phrasal verbs: COME
10. Задания для СРС
Уровень А1 – А2
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Fill in the missing word:
1 James can run much faster...................Paul.
2 Sarah looks...................her mother. They have the same dark hair and green eyes.
3 Tina works as a traffic....................
4 The red dress is not as expensive...................the blue one.
5 Mark loves the...................and bustle of the busy city.
6 Katie is...................best student in the class.
7 I always...................on weight during holidays.
8 Tom is jealous...................his brother.
9 I can't put...................with his bad behaviour any more.
10 Where do they...................from?
В Circle the correct item.
1 She can't get............the shock of crashing her car.
A on
В over
С off
2 It is important for everyone to have a(n) ... lifestyle. A healthy
В modern
elegant
3 A good teacher is always............with students.
A confident
В responsible С patient
4 Claire is very.............She always tells the truth.
A polite
В honest
С friendly
5 A good leader should be............and not get angry or
upset.
A sensitive
В practical
С calm
6 Mr Jones............on the phone at the moment.
A is talking
В talks
С talking
7 Living in this town is great because there are a lot of............facilities.
A busy
В local
С congested
8 Do you mind............to the supermarket for meT
A go
В going
С to go
9 Most children enjoy............cartoons on TV.
A watching
В to watch
С watch
10 Frank is a very ............ person. He likes to look after
people. A cheerful
В careful
С caring
С
Use of English
С Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words.
18
1 I prefer the city to the countryside.
I like the city ..............................................................
the countryside.
2 There are only a few shops in the neighbourhood.
There aren't................................................................
in the neighbourhood.
3 No student in the class is as intelligent as Peter. Peter is.......................................student in
the class.
4 I prefer watching comedies to watching thrillers.
I prefer........................................................comedies
rather than watch thrillers.
5 Lucy and her sister argue all the time.
Lucy doesn't.......................................................with
her sister.
D Fill in the correct preposition.
1 You shouldn't be rude................your teacher.
2 Wendy is afraid................the dark.
3 Are you familiar................this area?
4 David Beckham is famous................playing football.
Communication
E Complete the exchanges.
a Pretty
d Do 't mention it
good
n
b I'd rather
e Se you
e tomorrow
с Take the Turni on
left
first
ng
your
1 A: Goodbye! B: Bye! .........
2 A: Excuse me. How do I get to the post office?
3 A: Hi there! How are you doing?
, thanks.
4 A: Thank you very much for looking after my cat.
5 A: Do you fancy going to the cinema tonight?
B: Not really..................................................go out
for a meal.
Listening
F You will hear a radio programme about Prague. For each question, put a tick (/) in the
correct box.
1 Visitors to Prague should not go A \Z3 in winter.
В □ in summer.
С | I during the Spring Festival.
2 These days, Prague Castle is home to A CU Czech kings.
В □ Czech princes. С □ the president.
3 You can see thirty sculptures A □ at Prague Castle. В CZU on Charles Bridge. С CZU in
the Old Town Square.
Reading
G Read and choose the correct word for each space.
4 The tallest building in Prague is A EZ3 a church.
В CZU a monument. С Cm a TV tower.
5 The TV Tower in Zizkov does not have A □ an art gallery.
19
В Cm a viewing terrace. С Cm a restaurant.
6 At Prague's concert halls, you can listen to A □ jazz.
В EZl classical music.
С Cm alternative rock music.
What is Beauty?
Have you ever wondered what makes people beautiful? Why do we 1)........some people more
attractive than
2)........? They say that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, but is that really true?
According to research, the friends, employees and role models that we choose depends
3)........their facial
symmetry. That is, on how alike the 4)........sides of their face are. Scientists 5)........that
human beings have
developed this characteristic in order 6) ........ make sure that the healthiest and smartest
humans survive.
However, 7) ........ a more symmetrical face does not make one person better than another.
Other human
characteristics, 8)........as being kind, generous, caring and thoughtful are all important 9)
........the survival of
our species. It is therefore inaccurate, not to 10)........unfair, to ignore these traits in favour of
physical beauty.
1 A think
В
find
С
believe
D
see
2 A other
В
another
С
each
D
other
s
3 A on
в
of
С
with
D
for
4 A both
в
each
с
two
D
eithe
r
5 A say
в
tell
с
ask
D
spea
k
6 A of
в
for
с
as
D
to
7 A having в
has
с
have
D
had
8 A alike
в
such
с
so
D
like
9 A at
в
in
с
for
D
of
1 A speak
в
mention с
tell
D
ask
0
Writing
H You received a letter from your friend in which he/she says that he/she is having trouble
losing weight. Write a reply giving your friend advice on how to get in shape (100-120
words). Use the plan below to help you.
Dear .... (Para 1) (Para 2)
(Para 3)
Love,
express your sympathy - offer help
give your advice (e.g. leave car at home / walk to work / eat fruit and vegetables / less junk
food /join fitness club / take up / sport) end your letter (e.g. hope / advice / help you / write
soon)
Dear
Love,
Test 1 B (Module 1)
20
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Fill in the missing word.
1 Tina doesn't want to...................on weight, so she's on a diet.
2 Brian looks...................his brother. They have the same blue eyes.
3 I prefer the quiet of the countryside to the...................and bustle of the city.
4 The French restaurant in not as popular...................the Italian one.
5 Joan is...................tallest girl in the school.
6 Tony is rather jealous...................Mark's new car.
7 Jane can't put up ....................the noise of the city, so she's moving to the country.
8 John is much older...................Peter.
9 "Do you...................from the USA?" "No, I'm from Canada."
10 Paul works as a...................warden.
В Circle the correct item.
1 Mr Brown is always............with his students.
A patient
В responsible С confident
2 A(n)............diet includes lots of fruit and vegetables.
A elegant
В healthy
С modern
3 Kate always tells the truth. She's very.............
A polite
В honest
С responsible
4 I live in a small town with a lot of............facilities.
A busy
В congested С local
5 I enjoy............more than anything else.
A shopping
В to shop
С shop
6 Paula looks after her brothers and sisters. She's a very ............person.
A careful
В cheerful
С caring
7 Mum............TV at the moment.
A is watching
В watches
С watch
8 It's taken Phil a long time to get............ the flu.
A on
В over
С off
9 You need to be............to be a good manager and not
lose your temper.
A friendly
В sensitive
С calm
10 I can't stand............two hours to work every day.
A drive
В driving
С to drive
Use of English
С Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words.
1 My brother and I are always arguing.
Idon't ........................................................................
with my brother.
2 Tom is one of the most reliable employees in the company.
Very few employees in the company are ....................
... Tom.
3 Sarah prefers cooking at home to eating at restaurants.
Sarah prefers................................................at home
rather than eat at restaurants.
4 I prefer Paris to Rome.
I like Paris ........................................................Rome.
5 There aren't many restaurants in this town.
There are.............................restaurants in this town.
21
D Fill in the correct preposition.
1 Mary is afraid................spiders.
2 Alexander Graham Bell is famous the telephone.
Communication
E Complete the exchanges.
inventing
3 Paul is always rude
4 I'm not familiar......
......people.
this place.
A Don't
it
d
I'd rather
mention
B See you
e
Take the turni on
later
first
ng
your
С Not bad
right
1 A: Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the bank?
2 A: Do you fancy going to a concert on Saturday?
B: Not really...............................go to the cinema.
3 A: Goodbye!
B: Bye! ..................................................................
4 A: Thank you very much for watering my plants.
5 A: Hi! How are you?
…………………, thanks.
Reading
G Read and choose the correct word for each space.
4 The tallest building in Prague is
A □ a church. В a TV tower. С □ a monument.
5 The TV Tower in Zizkov does not have A □ a viewing terrace.
В □ an art gallery. С □ a restaurant.
5 At Prague's concert halls, you can listen to
A □ classical music. В ‫ ٱ‬alternative rock music. С
Saying Goodbye to the Rat Race
A recent study has shown that people in Great Britain work harder than 1)........else in Europe
with an average
working week of 44 hours. However, more and more Britons are deciding to 2)........the rat
race in favour of a
3)........simpler life.
Research shows that many people are not happy in their jobs and do not enjoy the work they
do. One in fourteen
British workers have already given 4)........high powered jobs in order 5)........take less
stressful ones, and more
than half a million workers will 6)........them in the next three years.
Why are so many people searching 7)........the simple life all of a 8)........? Well, it seems that
the pressures of
work are greater than ever 9)........, and people are beginning to value free time more than a
10)........salary.
1
A
anyone
В
someone
С
everything
D
no-one
2
A
depart
В
leave
С
exit
D
go
22
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
more
off
of
join
of
sudden
yet
tall
В
В
В
В
В
В
В
В
less
on
to
add
in
moment
since
long
С
С
С
С
С
С
С
C
much
down
with
connect
for
minute
still
high
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
even
up
for
link
with
second
before
wide
Test 1 B
Writing
H You saw the advertisement below in The Daily Star and you want to apply for the position.
Write a letter of application (100-120 words). Use the plan below to help you.
CHEF WANTED for busy French restaurant. Experience necessary. Must be reliable and
efficient. Knowledge of French preferred. Would suit a creative, energetic person. Contact:
Ms Marsaud, PO Box 3492
Dear Ms Marsaud,
Yours sincerely,
(Para 1)
(Para 2)
(Para 3)
- reason for writing / position / where advertised
- age? qualifications? (e.g. speak fluent French) previous experience? (e.g.
work French restaurant / years) personal qualities? (e.g. creative, energetic,
reliable etc)
- closing remarks (e.g. hope / consider / me / for position / be / able / attend /
interview / any time
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Fill in the missing word.
1 Jack and Judy have...................working together for years.
2 I came ...................a very old painting in an antique shop last weekend.
3 I've always wanted to go to...................United States of America.
4 While on holiday we went on a guided...................of an ancient palace.
5 I am really fed...................with this weather. I need a holiday in the sun.
6 David has...................been to Paris. He knows the city very well.
7 My brother...................his bike to school every morning.
8 I was having a shower...................the phone rang so I couldn't answer it.
9 Let's get...................this bus. It goes to the town centre.
10 I joined the gym in...............to keep fit.
В Circle the correct item.
1 Cats and dogs are............animals.
A wild
В domestic
С endangered
2 Some types of shark will become............ if we don't
protect them.
A extinct
В dead
С hunted
3 I've been living in my new flat in town ............ last
August.
A for
В since
С yet
4 I............live in a small house in the country.
A am used to
В would
С used to
23
5 Tina is very............because she lost her wedding ring.
A exhausted
В pleased
С upset
6 We managed to catch a...............of the movie star
as she left her hotel last night.
A glimpse
В look
С sight
7 Ireland has a very mild.............
A temperature В climate
weather
8 Have you Belm Street? A ever
been to the Italian restaurant on
В yet
С never
9 We ran ............ petrol on the way to the airport and
missed our flight.
A into
В over
С out of
10 Tower Bridge is one of the most important............in
London.
A landmarks
В actions
С facilities
Use of English
С Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words.
1 There's nothing I'd rather have than a vanilla ice cream on a hot day.
There's nothing I like ..................................................
a vanilla ice cream on a hot day.
2 It's years since I last saw Benjamin.
I...................................................Benjamin for years.
3 This is the first time I've been here.
I .............................................................here before.
4 Brian is too young to join the senior rugby team.
Brian is not.................................................................
to join the senior rugby team.
5 Sophia and Sonya started learning English seven years ago.
Sophia and Sonya.......................................................
English for seven years.
D Fill in the correct preposition.
1 Larry always goes to school................foot.
2 The boat to Santorini was full so we had to go ................plane.
3 I think this bag belongs................John.
4 He tied his dog up to prevent it................running
away.
Communication
E Complete the exchanges.
a How wonderful
b How dare you speak to me like that
с Oh dear. I do apologise
d It's excellent e What a shame
1 A: How do you find the food?
2 A: John and Mary are getting married next month!
3 A: Excuse me, but my soup is cold. B: ..................................................
4 A: Have you heard that Joan got fired?
5 A: Stop talking so much.
24
Reading
G Read the holiday advertisement and decide if each statement (1-5) is true (T) or false (F).
Marks: — 6X2
Bloom Valley Lodge, Kenya A Safari Holiday You'll Remember Forever
Situated in the country near the Great Rift Valley with its volcanoes and lakes, Bloom Valley
Lodge is only 30 minutes from Nairobi. Accommodation ranges from luxury suites to logcabin style rooms and camping.
Come see all of Kenya's beauty, from snow-capped mountains to savannah. Choose from a
wide variety of safaris, guided tours of coffee plantations, craft fairs, and traditional markets.
You can even take a balloon safari or try some 4x4 off-road driving. We offer flight deals
from London, Paris, Rome and Madrid to Nairobi and Mombassa all year round.
For more information call toll free at 1-800-543210
1 There are lakes and volcanoes near Bloom Valley Lodge.
2 All accommodation is very basic.
3 You can visit coffee plantations in Kenya.
4 Bloom Valley Lodge organises adventure activities.
5 Phone calls for information are free of charge.
Writing
H Your teacher has asked you to write a short story with the title: An Exciting Adventure
(100-120 words). Use the plan below to help you. Write about:
where/when who with
what happened how you felt
(Para 1) - when / where / main characters (e.g. last month - picnic - my friends & I )
(Para 2) - events in the order they happened (e.g. get into car / car break down / arrive
woods / start raining / no blankets / see bear / terrified / bear go away)
(Para 3) - how you felt (e.g. go back home - exhausted - exciting adventure)
Test
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Fill in the missing word.
I was watching TV...................my friends arrived.
It started to rain so we decided to get...................the next bus.
My friend came...................a very interesting article about birds in the newspaper.
...................River Shannon runs through the west of Ireland.
I took a taxi in...................to get to the concert on time.
My sister loves to...................her bike in the park on Sundays.
My father has...................been to Spain twice this year.
Uncle Jack was fed...................with his old car so he bought a new one.
I have...................collecting stamps since I was six years old.
My class is going on a guided...................of the local museum tomorrow.
В Circle the correct item.
1 We ran ............... milk and had to drink our coffee
black.
A over
В into
С out of
2 The Eiffel Tower is one of the most interesting ...............in Paris.
A actions
В landmarks С facilities
3 Greece has a very pleasant................
25
A climate
В temperature С weather
4 Dogs and cats are...............animals.
A endangered
В wild
С domestic
5. My friend Judy has been staying with me . September.
A since
В for
С yet
6. Many species of fish have become..............because
of overfishing.
A hunted
В extinct
С dead
7 I..............love ice cream when I was a child.
A would
В am used to С used to
8 We managed to catch a ...............of the Queen as
she rode past in her carnage.
A sight
В glimpse
С look
9 Have you..............eaten frogs legs? They're delicious.
A ever
В never
С yet
10 Sue was terribly............... because she crashed her
friend's car.
A pleased
В exhausted С upset
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Fill in the missing word.
1 Can you buy me a magazine from the..................., please?
2 I'm not really...................the mood to go out - can we stay in instead?
3 Children in my country don't...................to wear a school uniform.
4 This jacket is...................expensive. I can't afford it.
5 I wonder if this flat is...................sale.
6 A burglar broke...................our house and stole everything.
7 This time next week, I will...................lying on a sandy beach.
8 I'm looking...................a present for my brother.
9 My cousin is...................married on Saturday.
10 That outfit is too...................-fashioned. Why don't you wear something trendier?
В Circle the correct item.
1 They have been married for twenty years, so they are having a(n)............party.
A anniversary В engagement С retirement
2 This time next week, I............to Paris.
A will fly
В will be flying С be flying
3 This skirt is the wrong size. It doesn't............me.
A suit
В match
С fit
4 I didn't think much............the film we saw last night.
It was awful.
A on
В in
С of
5 She always wears beautiful............with her outfits.
A clothes
В accessories
С materials
6 This dress is on special.............\
A offer
В discount
С sale
7 Can you get me some medicine from the............?
A confectioner's В chemist's
С jeweller's
8 James bought a leather jacket from a............shop.
A handmade
В second-hand С hard-earned
9 Excuse me,............I try these trousers on, please?
26
A might
В must
С can
10 "I passed my driving test!"
"............ ! You must be very pleased."
A Get well soon В Good luck
С Well done
Use of English
С Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words.
1 Kate will possibly be late for this afternoon's meeting.
Kate ...........................................................................
for this afternoon's meeting.
2 It's not necessary for you to go to the supermarket
You ............................................................................
to go to the supermarket.
3 This dress is not big enough for me to wear.
This dress..............................................................for
me to wear.
4 Why don't you buy yourself some new clothes?
You ............................................................................
yourself some new clothes.
5 I can't wait to go to the new shopping centre on Saturday.
I ...................................................................to going
to the new shopping centre on Saturday.
Marks: ■ 5x2
10
D Fill in the correct preposition.
1 Would you like to pay................cash?
2 Jane always pays ................ cheque when she goes
shopping.
3 Lee succeeded................passing his exams.
Communication
4 He paid for the meal................credit card because he
didn't have any cash.
5 Did you remember to congratulate Claire ................
getting a promotion?
E Complete the exchanges.
a Can I try this shirt on, please b That's very kind of you с Congratulations
d That sounds great e Certainly
1 A: May I sit here, please?
2 A: I bought this for you.
3 A: Guess what! I've got a new job!
4 A: How about going to the cinema this evening?
5 A: ...........................................................................?
B: Of course. The fitting rooms are over there.
Reading
G Read the article and mark the statements as true (T) or false (F).
Planning the
There's no better way to have fun than by throwing a party. Everyone loves to spend time with
their friends and have fun in a relaxed atmosphere. However, as anyone who has ever thrown
27
a party will know, a lot of hard work goes into hosting a party, and it is not always easy to
make sure everyone has a good time. The following tips will help you to plan the perfect
party.
• Parties need to be planned carefully. Make sure you allow yourself plenty of time to prepare
for your party. Make a list of everything you need to do and be organised, because things can
get very busy as the day of your party gets closer.
• If you are serving food at your party, choose foods which go together. You could pick a
theme for your party and make food which fits that theme; for example, Mexican or Chinese.
Make sure you don't serve foods which are
perfect party
going to make a mess. Remember - you are the one who will have to clean it up the next day!
• Written invitations are a great idea, especially if you can make them fun or different. Don't
forget to put important information like the time, date and address on your invitations. Tell
your guests when the party starts and when it will end. Also, let them know if they should
wear a certain type of clothes (e.g. fancy dress).
• You can use decorations, lighting and music to create the perfect party atmosphere. Choose
your favourite music and play it in the background as your guests arrive. It is a good idea to
remove your television if it is in the party area. You can also replace some of your lightbulbs
with coloured lamps.
Just follow these simple steps and you are sure to have a fantastic party that everyone will
enjoy! Good luck!
1 You should prepare for the party in advance.
2 You should serve foods with a mixture of themes.
3 You should clean up any mess straight away.
4 You need to let your guests know when the party will finish.
5 You should not play music until all your guests have arrived.
6 You should let your guests watch TV.
Test 2
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Circle the correct item.
1 Stewart likes............in the country.
A live
В living
С lives
2 He lives in a nice............house.
A dull
В cosy
С fresh
3 Would you like............to the party with me tonight?
A to come
В coming
С come
4 France is famous............its cuisine.
A of
В with
С for
5 We've decided to............to Dublin next month.
A moving
В move
С moved
6 The post office is............the school.
A next to
В near to
С next
7 A secretary needs to be very.............
A sincere
В organised С caring
8 Could you put me............to Mr Murphy, please?
A up
В off
С through
9 London is bigger............Oxford.
A from
В than
С in
10 Hello. I need............ some money.
A change
В to change С changing
28
11 A sales assistant works in a(n).............
A library
В office
12 Excuse me. How do I............
A come
В go
С shop
to the Town Hall? С get
13 You buy medicine at the.............
A chemist's
В petrol station
С museum
14 Are you familiar............this book?
A to
В at
С with
15 Dennis has put............6 kg since he stopped playing
rugby.
A off
В up
С on
16 Do you............waiting for a while?
A care
В stand
С mind
17 Jamie is............than Brad at tennis.
A better
В good
С best
18 I'm tired of............nothing.
A doing
В does
С do
19 The streets were crowded ............ people during the
festival.
A in
В with
С of
20 Janet is cute. She's got a pretty............face.
A short
В oval
С well-built
21 It took me two hours............the house.
A to clean
В cleaning
С clean
22 You can't be............!
A joking
В serious
С true
23 Billy is going to the dentist and he............nervous.
A looking
В look
С looks
24 ............is Ken's job?
A Who
В When
С What
25 He hates waiting. He is.............
A patient
В impatient
С caring
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Circle the correct item.
1 Judy never lies. She is very.............
A dishonest
В happy
С honest
2 My cousin Alfred is very good............languages.
A on
В at
С for
3 ............don't you go to the doctor?
A What
В Why
С When
4 Thomas is very tall and has a............nose.
A straight
В bright
С curly
5 My little brother can't get............the shock of being
in an accident.
A up
В over
С off
6 How............do you go to the park?
A sometimes
В usually
С often
7 Jake looks............his father.
A as
В up
С like
29
8 The teacher got ............ with the students because
they made too much noise.
A patient
В upset
С stubborn
9 What are you............this weekend?
A doing
В did
С do
10 Do you............at yourself in the mirror very often?
A watch
В look
С see
11 How............does that book cost?
A many
В more
С much
12 Sophia is very............of her looks.
A happy
В proud
С sensitive
13 Robert smiles a lot. He is.........
A shy
В sensible
С cheerful
14 My train............in a few minutes.
A leave
В is leaving
С leaving
15 Jacob is very tall and.............
A spiky
В short
С well-built
16 I............to the sports club every Saturday.
A am going
В 'goes
С go
17 My sister is afraid............spiders.
A to
В of
С with
18 We have tea but we............to buy some sugar.
A must
В should
С need
19 The wizard is evil and.............
A honest
В greedy
С polite
20 Elizabeth is short with............black hair.
A curly
В oval
С round
21 How do you get ............ with the new boy in the
neighbourhood?
A up
В on
С over
22 Connor is very nice............his little brother. He always
plays with him.
A to
В with
С at
23 Samantha ............ TV in the living room at the
moment.
A is watching
В watch
С watches
24 Adrian never talks to anyone. He is.............
A friendly
В dishonest
С unfriendly
25 He doesn't like pasta. He............eats it.
A always
В never
С often
Communication
В Complete the exchanges.
a What's wrong
b Fine thanks. And you
с Thank you very much
d Yes, pleased to meet you e Bye
1 A: Hi there! How are you doing!
2 A: ................................
B: Don't mention it.
3 A: .................................
30
B:
I've got a headache.
4 A: See you tomorrow!
5 A: Heilo. You must be Barry. B:
Communication
.......................................
В Complete the exchanges.
a I'd prefer to eat at home
b Take the first turning on your right
с No, not at all
d
e
Thank you
Would you like to go out tonight
1 A: Please have a seat.
2 A: Do you fancy eating out tonight? B: ....................................................
3 A: Excuse me. How do I get to the chemist's?
4 A: Did you have any trouble finding us?
5 A: ..........................................
B: I'd rather stay in tonight.
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Circle the correct item.
1 Jacob was............because he passed his exam.
A upset
В sad
С thrilled
2 Have you............this film before?
A saw
В seen
С see
3 He's been learning Greek............two years.
A during
В since
С for
4 Can you go to the shop? We've run............milk.
A into
В for
С out of
5 There is too............noise here at night. I can't sleep.
A much
В many
С enough
6 Two thousand species of Pacific Island birds have become.............
A dead
В extinct
С hunted
7 The museum is open every day............Monday.
A apart
В since
С except
8 A crocodile is a big.............
A fish
В reptile
С mammal
9 I ran............Frank at the supermarket.
A into
В in
С over
10 Have you............visited this zoo?
A never
В yet
С ever
11 There isn't............coffee. Can you get some?
A many
В enough
С lots
12 He has been playing chess............10 am.
A since
В for
С from
13 He almost ran ............a small cat while driving home
yesterday.
A away
В over
С on
14 I can adopt an animal............it can be protected.
A in order to
В for
С so that
31
15 I watched a wildlife............on TV last night.
A show
В documentary С movie
16 A lot of cars run............unleaded petrol nowadays.
A on
В away
С out of
17 My father has............been to lots of foreign countries.
A ever
В already
С never
18 I had to take my dog to the vet............a vaccination.
A so that
В so as to
С for
19 I've been living here............three years.
A since
В for
С during
20 No, I haven't finished my work A yet
В already
. Have you? С ever
21 There isn't............butter in the fridge.
A many
В no
С any
22 How long has she been............basketball?
A playing
В played
23 Horses and donkeys are.............
A mammals
В reptiles
24 The zoo is open............day.
A each
В every
25 Cats and dogs are............animals.
A endangered
В domestic
Communication
В Complete the exchanges.
a
b
с
1
2
3
B:
How wonderful
I won the game
That's awful
d
e
No, I don’t think so
I have
A: Have you heard Jack lost his job?
A: I'm so happy. I passed my exam.
A: .................
Well done!
4 A: Anything to declare? B: .................................
5 A: Have you ever been to a zoo? B: Yes.........................................
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Circle the correct item.
1 Big Ben is one of the famous............in London.
A facilities
В landmarks
С local
2 I caught a............of him as he left the hotel.
A glimpse
В sight
С look
3 Steve came............a fortune when his uncle died.
A out
В up
С into
4 I was watching TV when Cindy.............
A arriving
В was arriving С arrived
5 I............play the piano when I was a child.
A used to
В used
С use to
32
6 The film came............last week.
A up
В out
С in
7 We went on a guided............of the museum.
A visit
В holiday
С tour
8 We were............tennis when it started to rain.
A play
В played
С playing
9 I was............when the plane landed.
A excited
В exciting
С excite
10 He woke up late and............his flight to Tokyo.
A lost
В arrived
С missed
11 Carmel was............because she lost her ring.
A excited
В exhausted
С upset
12 Driving the sports car was.............
A thrilled
В exciting
С disappointing
13 Can you come............to my house at 7 pm?
A across
В round
С up
14 They............driving too fast and crashed into a wall.
A was
В have been С were
15 It was a beautiful day so we went to school foot. A on
in
16 ............was the hotel like?
A What
В How much С How
17 There are two tennis............behind the hotel.
A courts
В courses
С pools
18 I came............a very old coin in an antique shop.
A into
В across
С round
19 My mother doesn't really like travelling............plane.
A by
В on
С in
20 He always............his bike to school.
A drives
В gets
С rides
21 Every summer they............hire a boat and go sailing.
A used
В would
С use to
22 He took a taxi............there were no buses.
A so
23 Let's get.........
A in
В but
С because
this bus; it's going to the centre. В by
С on
24 The weather is very ............ in Ireland during the
winter.
A mild
В sunny
С warm
25 ............Atlantic Ocean lies to the west of Ireland.
A An
В А
С The
Communication
В Complete the exchanges.
a Oh, I do apologise
b It's excellent
с do you find the food here
d I'd like a room, please e That's outrageous
33
В by
С
1 A: What do you think of the new sports centre? B:
.......................................................................
2 A: Excuse me, but my bathroom is very dirty.
3 A: How ..............
B: It's very good.
4 A: I'm afraid I can't find the booking.
5 A: ...........................
B: Single or double?
Test 5
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Circle the correct item.
1 In second-............shops you can find used things.
A sales
В hand
С charity
2 Good morning. I'm looking ............ a pair of black
boots.
A of
В after
С for
3 This shirt is............small. I can't do up the buttons.
A too
В enough
С more
4 Look! They're wearing green uniforms. They............be
soldiers.
A can't
В can
С must
5 Could you look............my plants while I am away.
A after
В out
С for
6 He tried very hard but he............to finish his work.
A could
В can't
С wasn't able
7 You can get some great............in charity shops.
A sales
В bargains
С refunds
8 You............drive a car until you are 17.
A don't have to В can
С can't
9 I'm looking............to going to Spain next week.
A for
В after
С forward
10 You can buy bread at the.............
A butcher's
В baker's
С newsagent's
11 I didn't have any cash so I paid............cheque.
A with
В in
С by
12 In some schools children............to wear a uniform.
A have
В must
С can
13 They look like each other. They............be brothers.
A can
В are able to С must
14 I don't want these trousers. They are not long............
A too
В much
С enough
15 My brother bought his computer............credit.
A in
В on
С by
16 You can buy sweets and cakes at the.............
A confectioner's В stationer's С fishmonger's
17 I picked............some real bargains in the sale.
A on
В up
С through
18 He must be rich. He paid for a new motorbike............
cash.
A by
В in
С on
34
19 That skirt looks lovely on you. It really............you.
A suits
В matches
С goes
20 You wear............to keep your hands warm.
A socks
В trunks
С gloves
21 My grandmother always wears............clothes.
A antique
В ancient
С old-fashioned
22 This suitcase has a handle and four.............
A wheels
В laces
С buttons
23 Look at that sign. That house is............sale.
A in
В for
С on
24 Can I............on that dress please?
A wear
В suit
С try
25 You can buy rings at a.............
A jeweller's
В stationer's С chemist's
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Circle the correct item.
1 Don't forget to call Gary,............?
A will you
В won't you С don't you
2 We congratulated her............passing her exams.
A in
В for
С on
3.Thieves broke computer. A into
his house and stole his
В through
С out of
4.Many Irish couples try to include ancient ..........
their wedding celebrations.
A roots
В themes
С customs
5.At Halloween, children make pumpkin.............
A costumes
В lanterns
С streamers
6.Susie............to Paris on Tuesday.
A is travelling
В travels
С will travel
7.My car broke............so I had to walk home.
A off
В away
С down
8.The play was.............I really enjoyed it.
A tiring
В fantastic
С dull
9.This is your jacket,............?
A hasn't it
В isn't it
С is it
10.I'm............I can't come to your party. I'm working late.
A delighted
В afraid
С frightened
11.The bride wore a............of flowers in her hair.
A wreath
В bouquet
С handkerchief
12 During a carnival, many people take part in street
A fireworks
В fairs
13 At Christmas, people sing........
A carols
В crackers
С parades
С costumes
14 "I've got a new job!"
A Many happy returns! В Well done! С Get well soon!
15 Do people in your country............gifts at New Year?
35
A decorate
В throw
С exchange
16 How many people have you invited to the wedding
A festival В party С reception
17 She insists............wearing her new dress to the party.
A to
В on
С of
18 The groom went to the bride's house where a goose was cooked in his.............
A honour
В folklore
С superstition
19 That's a lovely shirt!............it.
A I'll buy
В I'm buying С I buy
20 We can't go out tonight,............?
A could we
В can't we С can we
21 The train............London at half past three.
A reaches
В reach
С is reaching
22 We agreed............help Sarah cook the dinner.
A with
В to
С in
23 They had a fancy dress party,............?
A did they
В don't
С didn't they
24 We are thinking ............ going out to dinner this
evening.
A on
В of
С for
25 ............to Jane's graduation party?
A Are you coming
В Do you come С Have you come
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Circle the correct item.
1 I hope you're hungry. The ............ are huge at this
restaurant.
A servings
В food
С drinks
2 I love the smell of freshly............bread.
A boiled
В baked
С scrambled
3 We use a............to serve food on.
A mug
В tablespoon С plate
4 This restaurant offers delicious French.............
A servings
В menu
С cuisine
5 I love fresh melon. It's really A bitter
В juicy
С sour
6 Can I have a............of chocolate, please?
A bar
В pot
С jar
7 How............cheese do we need?
A many
В more
С much
8 I called the restaurant but ............ answered. I think
they're closed.
A somebody
В nobody
С anybody
9 I would like the tomato soup to start............, please.
A about
В for
С with
10 This cafe has very ............ decor. It looks like a
rainforest!
A unusual
В simple
С luxurious
11 There aren't............apples left.
A no
В some
С any
12 I can't find my wallet. I've looked.............
A anywhere
В everywhere С somewhere
36
13 I want to complain ............ the service in this
restaurant. It's very slow.
A about
В for
С with
14 We always feel relaxed here because there is a very ............atmosphere.
A formal
В traditional С friendly
15 Soft drinks are............in the price of the meal.
A included В served С offered
16 Can you get me a ............ bananas at the
greengrocer's, please?
A many
В little
С few
17 The view is............changing because the restaurant
revolves.
A unbelievably В definitely
С constantly
18 I can't afford to eat here. The prices are far too..........
A high
В low
С reasonable
19 I love honey. It's so.............
A strong
В sweet
С salty
20 Can you get me a ............ of tomatoes at the
supermarket?
A tin
В jar
С pot
21 We drink water from a.....
A kettle
В jug
С glass
22 I like to have............eggs for breakfast every morning.
A grilled
В mashed
С scrambled
23 I need a............of spaghetti to make the dinner.
A packet
В handful
С pinch
24 I can't stand lemons. They're too............for me.
A spicy
В sour
С sweet
25 Carol thinks it is very............to dine under the stars.
A relaxed
В romantic
С reasonable
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Circle the correct item.
1 Tom ............a muscle in his leg while he was playing
football.
A broke
В pulled
С sprained
2 Meet me at the tennis ............ and we can have a
game of tennis.
A course
В pitch
С court
3 The coach was dissatisfied ............ the team's
performance.
A with
В in
С of
4 The publisher brought............ a book about golf.
A about
В up
С out
5 The football match............due to bad weather.
A cancelled
С were cancelled
В was cancelled
6 Claire was very proud ............ her brother when he
won the race.
A in
В with
С of
7 Marathon runners must be strong and.............
37
A fit
В brave
С organised
8 Do you ever............windsurfing?
A play
В go
С do
9 Let's go skating at the local ice.............
A ring
В rink
С park
10 Poor John. He has twisted his A muscle
В leg
С ankle
11 This song brings............memories of my childhood.
A out
В about
С back
12 ............ you don't study hard, you won't pass your
exams.
A Unless
В If
С When
13 Kate goes to the bowling............every Friday evening.
A court
В track
С alley
14 The Olympic Games............every four years.
A holds
В are held
С is held
15 I love to A play
swimming in the summer. В go
С do
16 You will get wet............you take an umbrella.
A unless
В if
С when
17 His wall was covered............pictures of football stars.
A by
В with
С of
18 They............ice-skating at the weekends.
A go
В do
С play
19 I fell off my bike and............my ankle.
A ached
В pulled
С sprained
20 How often do your parents............golf?
A play
В go
С do
21 She brought............three children all by herself.
A out
В round
С up
22 What............to be the matter?
A seems
В looks
С has
23 American football is quite similar............rugby.
A of
В with
С to
24 ............you heat metal, it expands.
A Unless
В If
С When
25 This jacket was made............a famous designer.
A of
В with
С by
Test 6
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Circle the correct item.
1 Brad Pitt gave a brilliant............in that film.
A performance
В production С sensation
2 A ............works behind the scenes.
A newsreader
В quizmaster С make-up artist
3 That's the restaurant............we had dinner last week.
A that
В where
С which
4 There's no need to worry. I am sure everything will turn ............fine.
A out
В on
С off
5 The Mona Lisa is one of Leonardo da Vinci's most ............works.
38
A digital
В impressive С cultural
6 Jennifer Aniston............in Friends.
A performs
В plays
С stars
7 If I............breakfast, I wouldn't be so hungry now.
A have eaten
В had eaten С has eaten
8 This jacket, ............ I bought yesterday, was very
expensive.
A which
В who
С where
9 Please turn............the radio. I am trying to sleep.
A up
В on
С off
10 If I had bought tickets, I'd............the film.
A would see
В see
С have seen
11 Does Simon enjoy going to the............?
A films
В movies
С plays
12 Sam,............mother is an actress, goes to my school.
A whose
В that
С who
13 We booked tickets for the matinee............of the play.
A interval
В circle
С performance
14 I wish I............left my wallet at home.
A haven't
В hasn't
С hadn't
15 I like to watch the latest film............at the cinema.
A techniques
В materials
С releases
16 ............the beginning of the story, Cinderella is very
unhappy.
A From
В At
С In
17 Please could you turn............the TV. I can't hear it.
A down
В up
С off
18 If she............ill, she would have gone to work.
A hasn't been
В haven't been С hadn't been
19 If only they A have
told us they were coming.
В we
С had
20 The detectives worked hard to............the mystery.
A experience
В include
С solve
21 I always get scared when I read.............
A thrillers
В comics
С biographies
22 This is Mike,............lives next door to me.
A whose
В that
С who
23 Kate turned............at the party just as everyone else
was leaving.
A down
В up
С out
24 There will be a 15-minute............in the middle of the
play.
A interval
В cast
С time
25 For an evening of ............ laughter, visit Jongleurs
Comedy Club.
A moving
В traditional С non-stop
Vocabulary & Grammar
A Circle the correct item.
1 Video phones are the latest ............ among British
39
teenagers.
A gear
В craze
С storm
! ............ mobile phones are expensive, they are very
useful.
A In spite
В However
С Although
! You need a password to............to my computer.
A log on
В plug in
С turn up
4 The plane took ............ from Heathrow at eight
o'clock.
A off
В on
С out
5 Most teenagers love wearing designer.............
A labels
В uniforms
С items
6 These days there is a great demand ............ designer
clothes.
A of
В for
С about
7 Remember to ............the computer when you finish
using it.
A log on
В turn off
С plug in
8 Claire often has difficulty ............ her Science
homework.
A with
В for
С about
9 Using e-mail is fast............., it can be impersonal.
A Although
В However
С In spite
10 ............is a quick and easy way to keep in touch.
A Chatting
В Texting
С Socialising
11 James decided to take..........jogging in order to get fit.
A out
В up
С after
12 If it is a choice............buying a computer and buying
a mobile phone, I would rather buy a mobile phone.
A between
В with
С about
13 Lucy always carries a............so that she can do sums
easily.
A personal stereo
С digital camera
В pocket calculator
14 Karen is an expert ............ computers. She knows
everything about them.
A of
В with
С on
15 One disadvantage ............ CDs is that they scratch
quite easily.
A of
В with
С about
16 ............ found that 98 per cent of British kids like
listening to music.
A Designers
В Researchers С Teenagers
17 We use a(n) ............ at school to watch foreign
language films.
A video
С slide projector
В overhead projector
18 Lisa takes............her mother. They look very similar.
A out
В up
С after
19 We had a discussion............technology in class today.
A on
В about
С for
20 Use the remote............to change the TV channel.
40
A control
В camera
С calculator
21 We ............ our house decorated twice since we
bought it.
A are having
В had
С have had
A out
В up
С after
19 We had a discussion............technology in class today.
A on
В about
С for
20 Use the remote............to change the TV channel.
A control
В camera
С calculator
21 We ............ our house decorated twice since we
bought it.
A are having
В had
С have had
Grammar Revision
Unit 1
Articles
The use of articles in English is complex, and there are a lot of exceptions that need to be
remembered and learned.
Here are the basic rules.
A/an
Use a/an to refer to a singular countable noun which is indefinite – either we don’t know
which one, or it doesn't matter which one.
They live in a lovely house.
I'm reading a good book at the moment.
She’s expecting a baby.
Use a/an to describe what something or someone is.
That's an instrument for measuring distance.
She’s a lawyer.
The
Use the before a singular or plural noun, when both the speaker and the listener know
which specific object is being referred to.
They live in the green house on top of the hill.
The book I’m reading is all about the emancipation of women.
Mind the baby! She’s near the fire.
The sweater I bought is blue.
Use the before a noun if it is the only one (the Queen, the Earth, the Atlantic). Also use
it with certain public places, especially when referring to them in a general way:
I went to the theatre last night.
I have to go to the bank.
It should also be used when referring to general groups of people (the French, the rich
and famous)
Zero article
Use no article with plural and uncountable nouns when talking about things in general.
41
Compare the use of articles in the following sentences.
Money is the root of all evil. (general)
Put the money on the table. (specific)
Love conquers all. (general).
The love I have for you will last for ever. (specific)
Gas is cheaper than electricity. (general)
I forgot to pay the bill, and now the gas has been cut off. (specific)
Final points
Notice the difference between the use of articles in the following sentences:
My daughter is at school.
The meeting will be held at the school.
I go to church on Sundays.
The firemen went to the church to put out the fire.
He was rushed to hospital immediately.
I’m going to the hospital to visit him.
The use of the emphasises the place simply as a building. The use without the suggests that
the place is being used for its proper function as an institution, i.e. a place of learning, healing
etc.
Pubs, hotels, theatres, and cinemas usually have the
the Prince William
the London Hilton
the Albany Empire
the Odeon
Some geographical areas have the.
seas ............................. the Mediterranean
rivers ........................... the Seine; the Mississippi
island groups ............... the Seychelles
mountain groups .......... the Alps
deserts ......................... the Sahara
Streets, roads, and squares etc. in towns usually have no article.
Oxford Street
Portobello Road
Hyde Park
Leicester Square
Victoria Station
Other nouns which take no article are:
lakes ............................ Lake Superior, Lake Victoria
countries ..................... Spain, Norway, China
continents .................... Asia, Europe
The following types of noun take no article when referred to generally:
games .......................... squash, football, chess
42
academic subjects ....... medicine, literature, physics
abstract nouns ............. freedom, understanding
meals ........................... dinner, tea, breakfast
Compare these sentences:
Do you prefer hockey or football?
The football they play in America is different from the kind they play in England.
Dinner is usually at eight o’clock.
The dinner they served yesterday was the best I remember.
PRACTICE
1 Fill each gap (if necessary) with a suitable article.
1 - What’s her job?
- She’s ___ teacher.
2 Britain is ___ island.
3 Excuse me, can I ask ___ question?
4 What do you usually have for ___ lunch?
5 Is there ___ life on Mars?
6 Can you tell me ___ time, please?
7 ___ air is so fresh today.
8 She has ___ long brown hair.
9 Is she ___ English?
10 Where’s ___ bag? It’s gone!
11 Would you like ___ coffee?
12 She works six days ___ week.
2 In this exercise you have to put in a / an or the.
Example: There was __a__ man and __a__ woman in the room. _The_ man was English but
_the_ woman looked foreign. She was wearing __a__ fur coat.
1 This morning I bought _____ newspaper and _____ magazine. _____ newspaper is in my
bag but I don’t know where _____ magazine is.
2 My parents have _____ cat and _____ dog. _____ dog never bites _____ cat but _____
cat often scratches _____ dog.
3 I saw _____ accident this morning. _____ car crashed into _____ wall. _____ driver of
_____ car was not hurt but _____ car was quite badly damaged.
4 When you turn into Lipson Road, you will see three houses: _____ red one, _____ blue
one and _____ white one. I live in _____ white one.
5 We live in _____ old house in _____ middle of the village. There is _____ beautiful
garden behind _____ house. _____ roof of _____ house is in very bad condition.
3 Read these sentences carefully. Some are correct, but some need the (perhaps more than
once). Correct the sentences where necessary.
Examples: Everest was first climbed in 1953.
Milan is in north of Italy.
1 Last year we visited Canada and United States.
43
Right
Wrong – the north of Italy
............................
2 Africa is much lager than Europe.
3 South of England is warmer than north.
4 We went to Spain for our holidays and swam in Mediterranean.
5 Tom has visited most countries in western Europe.
6 A friend of mine used to work as a reporter in Middle East.
7 Next year we are going skiing in Swiss Alps.
8 Malta has been a republic since 1974.
9 Nile is longest river in Africa.
10 United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Unit 2
Prepositions
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
............................
Prepositions of place and directions
Main points
 You normally use prepositional phrases to say where a person or thing is, or the direction
they are moving in.
 You can also use adverbs and adverb phrases for place and direction.
 Many words are both prepositions and adverbs.
1
You use prepositions to talk about the place where someone or something is. Prepositions
are always followed by a noun group, which is called the object of the preposition.
above
below
in
opposite
through
among
beneath
inside
outside
under
at
beside
near
over
underneath
behind
between
on
round
He stood near the door.
Two minutes later we were safely inside the taxi.
Note that some prepositions consist of more than one word.
in between
in front of
next to
on top of
There was a man standing in front of me.
The books were piled on top of each other.
2
You can also use prepositions to talk about the direction that someone or something is
moving in, or the place that someone or something is moving towards.
across
into
past
to
along
onto
round
towards
back to
out of
through
up
down
They dived into the water.
She turned and rushed out of the room.
3
Many prepositions can be used both for place and direction.
44
The bank is just across the High Street. (place)
I walked across the room. (direction)
We live in the house over the road. (place)
I stole his keys and escaped over the wall. (direction)
4
You can also use adverbs and adverb phrases for place and direction.
abroad
here
underground
everywhere
away
indoors
upstairs
nowhere
downstairs
outdoors
downwards
there
~
somewhere
anywhere
Sheila was here a moment ago.
Can’t you go upstairs and turn the bedroom light off?
Note that a few noun groups can also be used as adverbials of place or direction.
Steve lives next door at number 23.
I thought we went the other way last time.
5
Many words can be used as prepositions and as adverbs, with no difference in meaning.
Remember that prepositions have noun groups as objects, but adverbs do not.
Did he fall down the stairs?
Please do sit down.
I looked underneath the bed. but the box had gone!
Always put a sheet of paper underneath.
Prepositions of place – at, in, on
Main points
 You use ‘at’ to talk about a place as a point.
 You use ‘in’ to talk about a place as an area.
 You use ‘on’ to talk about a place as a surface.
1
You use ‘at’ when you are thinking of a place as a point in space.
She waited at the bus stop for over twenty minutes.
‘Where were you last night?’ – ‘At Mick’s house.’
2
You also use ‘at’ with words such as ‘back’, ‘bottom’, ‘end’, ‘front’, and ‘top’ to talk
about the different parts of a place.
Mrs Castle was waiting at the bottom of the stairs.
They escaped by a window at the back of the house.
I saw a taxi at the end of the street.
45
You use ‘at’ with public places and institutions. Note that you also say ‘at home’ and ‘at
work’.
I have to be at the station by ten o’clock.
We landed at a small airport.
A friend of mine is at Training College.
She wanted to stay at home.
You say ‘at the corner’ or ‘on the corner’ when you are talking about streets.
The car was parked at the corner of the street.
There’s a telephone box on the corner.
You say ‘in the corner’ when you are talking about a room.
She put the chair in the corner of the room.
3
You use ‘in’ when you are talking about a place as an area. You use ‘in’ with:

a country or geographical region
When I was in Spain, it was terribly cold.
A thousand homes in the east of Scotland suffered power cuts.

a city, town, or village
I’ve been teaching at a college in London.

a building when you are talking about people or things inside it
They were sitting having dinner in the restaurant.
You also use ‘in’ with containers of any kind when talking about things inside them.
She kept the cards in a little box.
4
Compare the use of ‘at’ and ‘in’ in these examples.
I had a hard day at the office. (‘at’ emphasises the office as a public place or institution)
I left my coat behind in the office. (‘in’ emphasises the office as a building)
There’s a good film at the cinema. (‘at’ emphasises the cinema as a public place)
It was very cold in the cinema. (‘in’ emphasises the cinema as a building.)
5
When talking about addresses, you use ‘at’ when you give the house number, and ‘in’
when you just give the name of the street.
They used to live at 5, Weston Road.
She got a job in Oxford Street.
Note that American English uses ‘on’: ‘He lived on Penn Street.’
You use ‘at’ when you are talking about someone’s house.
I’ll see you at Fred's house.
6
You use ‘on’ when you are talking about a place as a surface. You can also use ‘on top
of’.
46
I sat down on the sofa.
She put her keys on top of the television.
You also use ‘on’ when you are thinking of a place as a point on a line, such as a road, a
railway line. a river, or a coastline.
Scrabster is on the north coast.
Oxford is on the A34 between Birmingham and London.
PRACTICE
1 Put the correct preposition into each gap.
Education
When my grandmother was at school, she had to learn everything (a) ________ heart, and
even years later she could recite countless poems (b) _______ memory. She was discouraged
(c) _______ thinking (d) _______ herself, and concentrated simply (e) _______ learning
facts. The teachers were very strict (f) _______ pupils in those days. My grandfather confided
(g) _______ me that he was expelled (h) _______ school (i) _______ playing truant just once.
It is always worthwhile for governments to invest (j) _______ education. Nobody should be
deprived (k) _______ a good education, and everybody should benefit (l) _______ it. Nothing
can compensate (m) _______ a bad start in life. Pupils (n) _______ public schools still
account (o) _______ many of the students at Oxford and Cambridge University. Until quite
recently these universities seemed to be prejudiced (p) _______ pupils from state schools.
Many people objected very strongly (q) _______ this and at last things are changing.
I had no intention (r) _______ staying (s) _______ at university after I had finished my first
degree. I finally succumbed (t) _______ parental pressure, but only (u) _______ protest, and
carried out research (v) _______ the life of Baudelaire.
2 Put the correct preposition into each gap (if necessary).
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Are you coming to classes _____ Monday?
Can’t you hurry up? The train leaves _____ 9 o’clock.
There weren’t many people _____ the party.
David has been a teacher _____ 10 years.
They got married some time _____ .
Do you know the names of the letter _____ English?
I don’t live far _____ my office. In fact, it’s quite _____ .
What time do you usually come _____ home?
He lives _____ the country.
I think she’s gone _____ holiday _____ the South.
I’m going to stay _____ my parents _____ July.
It’s so difficult to wake him up _____ the morning.
The girls are _____ the bus stop.
They are going _____ school.
The children are playing _____ the garden.
Did you see the film _____ television yesterday?
I try to go _____ bed before midnight.
Young people are fond _____ sports.
47
19 Charles is very good _____ languages.
20 It might be John but I thought he was _____ work.
21 - How do you get _____ work?
- I go there _____ bus.
22 Look _____ that picture.
23 Why don’t you take _____ your coat. It’s warm today.
24 She’s French, she comes _____ the South of France.
Unit 3
Review of tenses (active/passive voice)
PRACTICE
1 MATCHING VERB FORMS
Match a sentence from A with a sentence from B, according to the tense used. Say which
tense it is. (Some sentences are in the negative or question form.)
Example
He works in a bank.
She doesn’t smoke.
They are both Present Simple active.
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
I don’t believe you.
Have you been waiting long?
He hasn’t arrived yet.
It wasn’t mended properly.
How are you feeling today?
My office is being decorated at the moment.
We got lost.
What were you doing last night?
This book has been translated into several languages.
The post is delivered twice a day.
B
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
It’s raining.
Did you have a good time?
How are these machines made?
They were working for something.
He was killed in a car crash.
What is being done about inflation?
I’ve been thinking about moving house.
Have you seen Henry?
A cure for cancer hasn’t been found yet.
Where do you work?
2 ACTIVE OR PASSIVE?
Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense, and decided if it is active or passive.
Ex.: My car __was stolen__ (steal) last night.
48
Joseph Ford, the politician who (a) __________ (kidnap) last week as he was driving to his
office, (b) __________ (release) unharmed. He (c) __________ (examine) by a doctor last
night, and (d) __________ (say) to be in good health. Mr Ford (e) __________ (find) walking
along a small country lane early yesterday evening. A farmer (f) __________ (see) him,
recognised who it was, and (g) __________ (contact) the police. When his wife (h)
__________ (tell) the news, she said, ‘I am delighted and relieved that my husband (i)
__________ (find).’ Acting on information received, the police made several arrests, and a
man (j) __________ (question) in connection with the kidnapping.
3 PASSIVE CONSTRUCTION
Put the following sentences into the passive, using a personal pronoun as the subject.
Ex.: Someone told her the news.
She was told the news.
a. Someone will give you your tickets at the airport.
b. People asked me a lot of questions about my background.
c. Someone usually shows airline passengers how to use a life jacket at the beginning of the
flight.
d. If somebody offers you a cheap camera, don’t buy it. It’s probably stolen.
e. Doctors have given him six months to live.
f. Someone will tell you what you have to do when you arrive.
g. My parents advised me to spend some time abroad before looking for work.
h. Pleased to meet you. People have told me a lot about you.
i. At interviews, people ask you quite searching questions.
j. In a few years’ time, my company will send me to our New York office.
4 TENSE REVIEW (1)
Put the verb in brackets in an appropriate tense. When there is no verb ( __ __ __ ), insert an
auxiliary verb.
I.
My wife and I (a) ________ (live) in our present house in the country for five years.
We (b) ________ (move) here after our second child (c) ________ (be) born. We (d)
________ (live) in town for ten years , and (e) ________ (decide) that as soon as we (f)
________ (can) afford it, we (g) ________ (move) away from the smoke and the noise of the
city centre, which we finally (h) __ __ __ in 1985. We (i) ________ never (regret) it. We (j)
________ (be) reminded of the wisdom of our decision every morning when we (k) ________
(draw) the curtains to see the open fields stretching before us. When the children (l)
________ (have) breakfast, they (m) ________ (rush) outside to play, which they (n) __ __ __
whatever the weather. Whilst they (o) ________ (play) outside, we somehow manage to start
the day.
II.
Actually, we (a) ________ (think) of moving. My wife (b) ________ (accept) a new
job, which she (c) ________ (start) next month. As soon as she (d) __ __ __ , she (e)
________ (have) a journey of fifty miles there and back, and I (f) ________ (not think) that
she (g) ________ (realise) just how tiring this (h) ________ (be). I (i) ________ (go) away on
business for a few days next week, and while I (j) ________ (be) away, my sister (k)
________ (come) to stay, which she (l) __ __ __ quite often. Once I (m) ________ (be) back, I
(n) ________ (decide) that I (o) ________ (get) in touch with some estate agents. I (p)
________ (not feel) happy until we (q) ________ (find) a house closer to my wife’s job. I
wonder what the children (r) ________ (say) when they (s) ________ (hear) that we (t)
________ (move). This is the first time they (u) ________ (live) in the country, and they (v)
________ (hate) to move back to town.
49
5 TENSE REVIEW (2)
Put the verb in brackets in an appropriate tense.
Junk story that beat the experts
The strangest story I (a) _____ ever _____ (report) began one Spring morning in Hong
Kong. I was born and brought up in Hong Kong and I (b) _______ just _______ (start)
working as a radio reporter there.
In March 1981, ninety-five fishing junks (c)_______ (spot) sailing over the horizon.
Immediately they (d) _______ (surround) by police launches who thought they were trying (e)
_______ (sneak) into Hong Kong against the law.
One of Hong Kong’s greatest problems is trying to keep out thousands of people who
think life there (f) _______ (be) better than in China, and try to smuggle themselves in. Hong
Kong is already the most crowded place in the world, and there’s no room for more people.
But when the police asked the junk people why they (g) _______ (come) they (h) _______
(get) a shock. They said they (i) _______ (stay) for a few days (j) _______ (escape) the
terrible calamity that was about (k) _______ (strike) their villages in China.
They said there was complete panic at home because everyone (l) _______ (believe) an
earthquake (m) _______ (come).
Throughout its history China (n) _______ (suffer) terrible earthquakes, cities (o)
_______ (destroy) and thousands killed. Nowadays, all over the country there are
seismographic centres where earthquakes can easy (p) _______ (predict).
The Hong Kong authorities phoned one of these centres in China to find out whether they
(q) _______ (warn) about a forthcoming earthquake, but the answer was no. Experts in Hong
Kong agreed that there was no reason for the junk people’s fears.
Consequently the junk people (r) _______ (send) home. On their way back an earthquake
did indeed (s) _______ (strike) their village. No-one was hurt but the mystery (t) _______
(remain). How did the junk people know, when the scientists and experts with all their
sophisticated machines didn’t?
Unit 4
Modal verbs
Introduction to modals
can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, would




Main points
Modals are always the first word in a verb group.
All modals except for ‘ought’ are followed by the base form of a verb.
‘Ought’ is followed by a ‘to’-infinitive.
Modals have only one form.
1
Modals are always the first word in a verb group. All modals except for'ought'are
followed by the base form of a verb.
I must leave fairly soon.
I think it will look rather nice.
Things might have been so different.
People may be watching.
2
‘Ought’ is always followed by a ‘to’-infinitive.
She ought to go straight back to England.
Sam ought to have realised how dangerous it was.
50
You ought to be doing this.
3
Modals have only one form, There is no ‘-s’ form for the third person singular of the
present tense, and there are no ‘-ing’ or ‘-ed’ forms.
There’s nothing I can do about it.
I’m sure he can do it.
4
Modals do not normally indicate the time when something happens. There are, however, a
few exceptions.
‘Shall’ and ‘will’ often indicate a future event or situation.
I shall do what you suggested. He will not return for many hours.
‘Could’ is used as the past form of ‘can’ to express ability. ‘Would’ is used as the past form of
‘will’ to express the future.
When I was young, I could run for miles.
He remembered that he would see his mother the next day.
5
In spoken English and informal written English, ‘shall’ and ‘will’ are shortened to ‘-’ll’
and ‘would’ to ‘-’d’, and added to a pronoun.
I’ll see you tomorrow.
I hope you’ll agree.
Posy said she’d love to stay.
‘Shall’, ‘will’, and ‘would’ are never shortened if they come at the end of a sentence.
Paul said he would come, and I hope he will.
In spoken English, you can also add ‘-’ll’ and ‘-’d’ to nouns.
My car’ll be outside.
The headmaster’d be furious.
W
G
WAAARRRNNNIIINNNG
G:: Remember that ‘-d’ is also the short form of the auxiliary ‘had’.
I’d heard it many times.
PRACTICE
1 YOUR HAVE TO COMPLETE A SENTENCE WITH COULD, WAS / WERE ABLE TO OR COULDN’T.
Example: My grandfather was very clever. He could (or was able to) speak five languages.
1
2
3
4
He had hurt his leg, so he __________ walk very well.
She wasn’t at home when I phone but I __________ contact her at her office.
I look very carefully and I __________ see a figure in the distance.
They didn’t have any tomatoes in the first shop I went to, but I __________ get some in
the next shop.
5 My grandmother loved music. She __________ play the piano very well.
6 The boy fell into the river but fortunately we __________ rescue him.
2 IN THIS EXERCISE YOU HAVE TO WRITE SENTENCES WITH COULD OR COULD HAVE.
51
Example: She doesn’t want to stay with Linda. But she could stay with Linda.
1
2
3
4
He didn’t want to help us. But he ..........................................................................................
He doesn’t want to help us. But .............................................................................................
They don’t want to lend us any money. But ...........................................................................
She didn’t want to have anything to eat. ...............................................................................
3 YOU HAVE READ A SITUATION AND WRITE A SENTENCE WITH MUST HAVE OR CAN’T HAVE.
USE THE WORDS IN BRACKETS.
Example: The phone rang but I didn’t hear it. (I must / be / asleep)
I must have been asleep.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
That dress you bought is very good quality. (It must / be / very expensive)
I haven’t seen Jim for ages. (He must / go / away)
I wonder where my umbrella is. (You must / leave / it on the train)
Don passed the examination. He didn’t study very much for it. (The exam can’t / be / very
difficult)
She knew everything about our plans. (She must / listen / to our conversation)
Denis did the opposite of what I asked him to do. (He can’t / understand / what I said)
When I woke up this morning, the light was on. (I must / forget / to turn it off)
I don’t understand how the accident happened. (The driver can’t / see / the red light)
4 REWRITE THESE SENTENCES USING THE MODALS GIVEN.
Example: Perhaps he fell. (may have) (might have)
He may have fallen.
He could have fallen.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Perhaps they saw us. (could have) (might have)
Perhaps he said that. I don’t remember. (might have) (could have)
We’re lost. I think we’ve taken the wrong road. (must have)
I wish you had seen it. It was wonderful. (should have)
I ought to have known that would happen. (should have)
Perhaps when I am fifty I won’t remember it. (will have forgotten)
It was possible for me to prevent that, but I didn’t. (could have)
You should have listened to her the first time. (ought to have)
5 MAKE SUITABLE SENTENCES FROM THE TABLE BELOW USING CAN.
Learning English
Watching television
Visiting relatives
Winter sports
Going to the dentist
Meeting new people
Travelling
can
Sometimes
Often
Occasionally
be
exciting.
boring.
interesting.
painful.
hard work.
dangerous.
good fun.
Example: Travelling can often be boring.
6 COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES USING CAN, CAN’T, COULD OR COULDN’T.
Example: There was a woman with a big hat right in front of me. I couldn’t see a thing.
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1
2
3
4
5
6
I’m sorry, you’re in my light. I __________ see what I’m doing.
It was a huge hall and we were at the back, so we __________ hear very well.
When she screams, you __________ hear her all over the house.
She was phoning all the way from Singapore, but I __________ hear her very clearly.
__________ you hear me at the back?
Put your hands up if you __________ hear me.
7 REWRITE THESE SUGGESTIONS STARTING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN.
Example: Let’s go to the theatre. / How about going to the theatre?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
We should get started as soon as possible. / It might be a good idea ...................................
You could write and ask her yourself. / You might like to .....................................................
Why don’t we take a winter holiday for a change? / What about .........................................
Couldn’t you just play at the end of the month? / You could .................................................
We could take a week off in July. / Let’s ...............................................................................
You could ask Bill to help. / What .........................................................................................
Why don’t you ring and tell them you’re coming? / You .......................................................
We could borrow the equipment from Peter. / Couldn’t .......................................................
Why don’t we keep quiet about that? / It might .....................................................................
8 ADD COMMENTS TO THESE SENTENCES USING I WISH.
Example: I’m afraid your father can’t come. / I wish he could.
They always come late. / I wish they wouldn’t.
1
2
3
4
5
6
He always complains about everything. / ..............................................................................
He never invites us round. / ...................................................................................................
We can’t go on holiday this year. / .........................................................................................
She won’t listen to anything you say. / ...................................................................................
They can’t help out I’m afraid. / .............................................................................................
She never comes home at weekends. / ...................................................................................
9 FILL EACH GAP WITH A CORRECT MODAL VERB.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
I really think you __________ see a doctor.
Oh, look! Mr. Thomson __________ be here: there’s his car.
Why did you carry that heavy box? You __________ hurt yourself!
- Where are my keys?
I suppose I __________ them in the car.
She had to wait 5 minutes for traffic to stop, but in the end __________ to cross the road.
I took my umbrella, but it didn’t rain, so I __________ taken it.
Everyone understood. The teacher __________ to explain it again.
He had an accident in his car. He __________ where he was going.
- Did she do the exercise?
No, she said she __________ understand it.
He is very rich. He __________ work for a living.
- Did you go to the concert?
No. We __________ have gone but decided not to.
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15
16
17
18
19
- Did they find your house?
Yes, it took them a long time but they __________ to find it.
- Do you want me to wait for you?
No, it’s okay. You __________ wait.
His test is the best in class. He __________ (study) last night.
Unit 5
Gerunds and infinitives
The gerund
The gerund is used:
a. after prepositions.
After leaving school, I went to university.
The firemen rescued the lady by breaking down the door.
Is anyone here good at sewing?
She was accused of killing her husband.
Examples of prepositions frequently followed by the gerund are:
before after without by about at to of
b. after certain verbs.
I enjoy staying in hotels.
I avoid working at the weekend.
Some of the most common verbs which are followed by the gerund are:
admit avoid deny enjoy finish
c. as the subject or object of a sentence.
Swimming is my favourite sport.
Smoking is bad for your health.
I find working in the garden very relaxing.
d. after certain idiomatic expressions.
It's no use talking to him. He doesn't know anything.
This is an excellent book. It's worth buying.
Other idiomatic expressions are:
There's no point in (waiting all day).
It's no good (pretending that you understand).
e. after certain verbs which are followed by the preposition to.
I'm looking forward to visiting you in July.
The infinitive
The infinitive is used:
a. after certain verbs.
I can't afford to pay all my bills.
I hope to see you again soon.
Some of the most common verbs that are followed by the infinitive are:
54
agree appear attempt choose dare decide expect help learn manage need
offer promise refuse seem
You should consult a good dictionary, for example the Oxford Advanced Learner's
Dictionary of Current English, to see which structures are possible after a particular verb.
b. after certain verbs followed by an object.
He advised me to listen carefully.
They invited her to have lunch with them.
Some of the most common verbs that are normally used with an object and an infinitive
are:
allow encourage force order persuade remind teach tell warn
c. after certain verbs which sometimes take an object and sometimes don’t.
I want to find out the answer, (no object – ‘I find out.’)
I want you to find out the answer, (‘you’ as object – ‘You find out.’)
I'd like to help you.
I'd like you to give her a message.
NEVER
I want that you . . .
I'd like that you . . .
Other common verbs are:
ask expect
d. after certain adjectives.
It's difficult to explain how to get there. It's possible to walk there.
e. after make and let.
She made me do the exercise again, (active – without ‘to’)
I was made to do the exercise again, (passive – with ‘to’)
He let me borrow the car. (active - without 'to')
I was allowed to borrow the car. (‘Let’, in the sense of ‘allow’, is not possible in the
passive.)
f. to express purpose.
I came here to team English.
I need more money to buy the things I want.
g. after certain verbs followed by question words, e.g. what, where, who.
I didn't know what to do.
Can you tell me how to get there?
Show me where to put it.
Do you know where to buy it?
After these verbs and others with similar meanings, it is possible to use how, what, where,
when, whether etc.
ask consider explain wonder find out understand
FORMS OF THE INFINITIVE
1 The continuous infinitive
The continuous infinitive is formed with to be + present participle.
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It expresses activities in progress.
I'd like to be lying in the sun right now.
He seemed to be having financial difficulties.
2 The perfect infinitive
The perfect infinitive is formed with to have + past participle.
I'd like to have seen his face when you told him.
He seems to have forgotten about the appointment.
3 The passive infinitive
The passive infinitive is formed with to be + past participle.
I'd like to be promoted to sales manager.
I asked to be informed as soon as there was any news.
Notes
The continuous, perfect, and passive infinitives can also be used with modal auxiliary verbs,
but with these verbs to is omitted.
You should be working, not watching television.
She must have gone home already.
This report must be finished tonight.
THE GERUND OR THE INFINITIVE AFTER VERBS?
Continue, start, begin
Either the gerund or the infinitive can be used.
It started
to snow
snowing.
The infinitive is more common.
Love, like, prefer, hate
The meaning changes slightly, depending on whether the gerund or the infinitive is used.
Followed by the gerund, the statement is general.
I like swimming.
I love going to parties.
I hate driving in the dark.
Followed by the infinitive, the statement is more specific.
I like to read a book before going to sleep at night.
I hate to tell you, but I've lost your coat.
Remember, forget, stop, try
The meaning changes greatly depending on whether the gerund or the infinitive is used.
I remember being very unhappy as a teenager. (I know that I was very unhappy as a
teenager.)
I'll never forget meeting you. (The day I met you is
very clear in my memory.)
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The gerund refers to actions and states in the past, i.e. before the remembering, forgetting, etc.
take place.
Remember to put some petrol in the car! (There isn’t much petrol in the car and it is
important that you buy some.)
Don't forget to post the letter! (The letter is important, so you must remind yourself to post it.)
The infinitive refers to actions that must still be done, i.e. that happen after the remembering,
forgetting, etc.
I stopped smoking years ago. (previous activity)
I stopped to pick up a hitchhiker. (This tells us why I stopped.)
We tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible.
I tried pouring on water, my husband tried covering it with a blanket and my son tried using
the fire extinguisher, but in the end we had to call the fire brigade.
Try + infinitive is your goal; it is what you want to do.
Try + gerund is the method you use to achieve that goal.
PRACTICE
1 Open the brackets using a gerund.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
The windows are very dirty; they need (clean).
It's very hot, so you don't need (bring) a coat.
The house is old, and it badly wants (paint).
The famous man didn't need (introduce) himself.
The floor is covered with dust; it needs (sweep).
The grass in the garden is very dry; it wants (water) badly.
The planners didn't realise they would need (build) so many houses.
This shirt is quite clean; it doesn't want (wash) yet.
Her shoes have a hole in them; they want (mend).
The room was in a terrible mess: it needed (tidy up).
The baby's crying; I think he needs (feed).
I know my hair wants (cut) but I never have time to go to the hairdresser's.
John needed (cheer up) when he heard that he'd failed his exams.
You should tidy the garden. - Yes, it needs (tidy). The roses want (water), the peaches
want (pick), the grass wants (cut).
2 Open the brackets using a suitable gerund
1
2
3
4
Alter the accident, the injured man recovered consciousness in hospital. He remembered
(cross) the road, but he didn't remember (knock down).
I am still thirsty in spite of (drink) four cups of tea.
This carpet always looks dirty, in spite of (sweep) every day.
He didn't return the book he had borrowed after (promise) to do so.
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5
6
7
21
He got into the house by (climb) through a window, without (see) by anyone.
I think he was foolish to buy a car before (learn) how to drive it.
Peter is a much better chess-player than I am, and he was very surprised when I beat him
yesterday for the first time. He isn't used to (beat).
He went to bed at 9 p.m. in spite of (sleep) all the afternoon.
He complained of (give) a very small room at the back of the hotel.
The little girl isn't afraid of dogs in spite of (bite) twice.
The little girl didn't go near the dog; she was afraid of (bite).
The baby went to sleep a few minutes after (feed).
The little girl never gets tired of (ask) her mother questions, but her mother often gets
tired of (ask) so many questions.
They lived in a small town for ten years and then moved without (make) friends with any
of their neighbours.
The little boy was punished for (tell) a lie by (send) to bed without his supper.
Mary was chosen a year ago to act in the school play. She was very pleased at (choose).
Jack doesn't like boxing. I don't know if he is afraid of (hurt) his opponent or of (hurt)
himself.
He was taken to hospital unconscious after the accident. He died in hospital without
(recover) consciousness.
I always treat people politely and I insist on (treat) politely.
The boy was very hungry at eleven o'clock in spite of (eat) a big breakfast two hours
earlier.
She didn't get out of bed until ten o'clock in spite of (wake up) at seven.
3
Complete the following sentences using a gerund.
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Example: I/m good at mending things.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
I have difficulty in ...................................................................................................................
I’m very interested in ..............................................................................................................
I’m thinking of .........................................................................................................................
He saved up £1000 for a holiday by .......................................................................................
I sometimes worry about not ...................................................................................................
Thank you for ..........................................................................................................................
I’m looking forward to ............................................................................................................
She left the room without ........................................................................................................
I stayed in bed all day instead of ............................................................................................
4 Use your imagination to complete the following sentences.
Example: Working in a coal mine is dangerous, but well-paid.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Finding a good job these days ................................................................................................
Living in a big city ..................................................................................................................
Taking regular exercise ..........................................................................................................
Travelling by air .....................................................................................................................
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e. Being self-employed ................................................................................................................
f. Learning a foreign language ..................................................................................................
5 Complete the following sentences using infinitives.
Example: It is easy to find cheap places to eat.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
How do you do. Pleased to .....................................................................................................
When you’re old, it can be difficult to ....................................................................................
I was surprised to ....................................................................................................................
If you haven’t got much money, it’s impossible to ..................................................................
It can be expensive to ..............................................................................................................
When you travel abroad, it’s important to ..............................................................................
6
There are many expressions with go + gerund which are concerned with activities, sports,
and physical recreation.
go dancing / go skiing / go running
Complete these sentences with go + a suitable gerund.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
I __________ yesterday, but I didn’t buy anything.
I __________ by the river tomorrow, but I’m sure I won’t catch anything.
Whenever there’s enough snow, we __________ every weekend.
If I had enough money, I’d buy a yacht and __________ in the Mediterranean.
We had a lovely holiday. We __________ every day. The water was lovely.
7 Fill the gaps with one of the verbs which follow the passage, in either the gerund or
infinitive form.
Jane’s a nurse, but she’s trying (1)__________ a new job. Although she enjoys
(2)__________ people, nursing is not very well paid, and she cannot afford (3)__________
all her bills. She finds it impossible to live on such a low salary without (4)__________ her
account at the bank. Her flat needs (5)__________ , and she would like (6)__________ a car.
She managed (7)__________ enough last year for a short holiday by (8)__________ some
extra money in her spare time, and this year, she’s hoping (9)___________ some friends in
France. She has stopped (10)__________ to the theatre, which used to be one of her greatest
pleasures. She’s thinking of (11)__________ in America, where she could earn a higher
salary in a private hospital, but would prefer (12)__________ in this country if possible. She
likes (13)__________ to see her parents whenever she wants to. A friend of hers went to
America after (14)__________ university, but began (15)__________ her friends so badly
that she had to come back.
earn
look after
miss
leave
pay
work
visit
save
buy
stay
find
redecorate
be able to
overdraw
go
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8
GAP FILLING
Complete the following story. The lines show the number of words missing. The words are not
always gerunds or infinitives.
Example: He tried to find a job.
I’d like you to help me.
John Bradley was surprised (a) __________ __________ a letter waiting for him on his desk
when he arrived at work. Before (b) __________ it, he hung up his coat and took out his glasses.
‘Dear Mr Bradley,’ he read, ‘We are sorry (c) __________ __________ you that your services
are no longer required …’
He couldn’t believe it. After (d) __________ for the company for thirty years, he had been
made redundant, one Monday morning, without (e) __________ warned in any way at all. There
was no point (f) __________ __________ the letter. The ending was obvious. ‘Thank you for your
loyalty and dedication over the years, and we hope you will enjoy (g)__________ more time to
spend …’
The company wanted (h) __________ to go away quietly and enjoy his premature retirement.
He was fifty-two. How could he (i) __________ __________ find another job at this age? He knew
that firms were not interested (j) __________ __________ people over forty-five, let alone over
fifty. Could he still afford (k) __________ __________ his daughters to their expensive school?
He sat back in his chair and looked out of the window, wondering (l) __________ __________
__________ next. He decided (m) __________ ___________ the office as soon as possible. He did
not want (n) ___________ to see him while he left so depressed. So he put on his coat and for the
last time closed the office door behind him. He stopped (o)__________ __________ ‘goodbye’ to
the telephonist, whom he had known for years, and left the building.
Out in the street, it had begun (p) __________ __________ . He had forgotten (q)__________
__________ his umbrella that morning, so he turned up his overcoat collar and walked towards the
station (r) __________ __________ his train home. He didn’t know what (s) __________
__________ to his wife. The thought of breaking the news to her (t)__________ __________ feel
sick.
9
ADJECTIVE + INFINITIVE
Rewrite the sentences, using the adjectives in brackets.
Example: I heard you passed your driving test. (delighted)
I was delighted to hear that you passed your driving test.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
I learned that your aunt died. (sorry)
He wanted to know where we had been. (anxious)
She found that her husband was still alive. (amazed)
I see you’re still smoking. (disappointed)
He learned that he had nearly died. (shocked)
10 VERBS + GERUND OR INFINITIVE
Rewrite the sentences, using the verbs in brackets.
Example: ‘Come to the party. You’ll really enjoy it,’ he said to her. (persuade)
He persuaded her to go to the party.
a. ‘Yes, I did drive too fast through the town,’ she said. (admit)
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
‘I’ll lend you some money, if you like,’ he said to me. (offer)
‘If I were you, I’d accept the job,’ he said to his daughter. (advise)
‘Why don’t you have a holiday in my country cottage?’ he said to us. (invite)
‘You must pay for the damage you’ve done,’ she said. So I paid. (make)
‘I haven’t smoked for three years,’ she said. (stop)
We needed petrol, so we went to a service station. (stop)
I didn’t buy food for dinner so we had to go out. (forget)
But I fed the cat. (remember)
I had piano lessons for years, but I was never very good. (try)
11 ‘TO’ USED INSTEAD OF WHOLE INFINITIVE
Notice that the whole infinitive need not be repeated if it is understood.
Example: A You look terrible. You should have a holiday.
B I’m going to. (I’m going to have a holiday)
a. A Why aren’t you going to work?
B (not want) ....................................................................
b. A Can you come round for a meal tonight?
B (love) .................................................................... , but .......................................................
c. A I’m afraid I can’t take you to the airport after all. Sorry.
B (promise) But ..............................................................
d. A Why can’t I take this book from the library?
B (not allow) ...................................................................
e. A Why have you painted the wall black?
B (tell) ............................................................................
A No, I didn’t. I told you to paint it pale yellow.
f. A Did you go out for a meal with him?
B (not ask) ......................................................................
12 ‘TALKING’ VERSUS ‘A TALK’
Compare the following sentences.
Talking to someone about a problem usually helps to solve it.
I had a talk with Susan last night.
The gerund is used when we speak in general. To speak about one specific occasion, we can use
some verbs as nouns in the structure have a + noun.
Write two sentences for each of the following words, one with a gerund and one with have a +
noun.
Ride; drink; look; wash; quarrel; walk
13 NOUN + PREPOSITION
Many nouns are followed by prepositions. Put the correct preposition into each gap.
a.
b.
c.
d.
I got a cheque __________ five hundred pounds in the post today.
There has been a rise __________ the number of violent crimes.
Have you seen this photo __________ my daughter? Isn’t she beautiful?
The difference __________ you and me is that I don’t mind hard work.
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e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
I can think of no reason __________ such strange behaviour.
It took a long time to find a solution __________ the problem.
Could you give me some information __________ train times?
I’m having trouble __________ my car. It won’t start.
She’s doing research __________ the causes of tooth decay.
This is a machine __________ grinding coffee.
Unit 6
Reported speech
Report structures: ‘that’-clauses
Main points
 You usually use your own words to report what someone said, rather than repeating their
exact words.
 Report structures contain a reporting clause first, then a reported clause.
 When you are reporting a statement, the reported clause is a ‘that’-clause.
 You must mention the hearer with ‘tell’. You need not mention the hearer with ‘say’.
1
When you are reporting what someone said, you do not usually repeat their exact words, you
use your own words in a report structure.
Jim said he wanted to go home.
Jim’s actual words might have been ‘It’s time I went’ or ‘I must go’.
Report structures contain two clauses. The first clause is the reporting clause, which contains
a reporting verb such as ‘say’, ‘tell’, or ‘ask’.
She said that she'd been to Belgium.
The man in the shop told me how much it would cost.
You often use verbs that refer to people’s thoughts and feelings to report what people say. If
someone says ‘I am wrong’, you might report this as ‘He felt that he was wrong’.
2
The second clause in a report structure is the reported clause, which contains the information
that you are reporting. The reported clause can be a ‘that’-clause, a ‘to’-infinitive clause, an ‘if’clause, or a ‘wh’-word clause.
She said that she didn't know.
He told me to do it.
Mary asked if she could stay with us.
She asked where he'd gone.
3
If you want to report a statement, you use a ‘that’-clause after a verb such as ‘say’.
admit
argue
decide
insist
reply
agree
claim
deny
mention
say
answer
complain
explain
promise
warn
He said that he would go.
I replied that I had not read it yet.
You often omit ‘that’ from the ‘that’-clause, but not after ‘answer’, ‘argue’, ‘explain’, or
‘reply’.
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They said I had to see a doctor first.
He answered that the price would be three pounds.
You often mention the hearer after the preposition ‘to’ with the following verbs.
admit
announce
complain
explain
mention
say
suggest
He complained to me that you were rude.
4
‘Tell’ and some other reporting verbs are also used with a 'that'-clause, but with these verbs you
have to mention the hearer as the object of the verb.
convince
inform
notify
persuade
reassure
remind
tell
He told me that he was a farmer.
I informed her that I could not come.
The word ‘that’ is often omitted after ‘tell’.
I told them you were at the dentist.
You can also mention the hearer as the object of the verb with ‘promise’ and ‘warn’.
I promised her that I wouldn't be late.
5
Note the differences between ‘say’ and ‘tell’. You cannot use ‘say’ with the hearer as the object
of the verb. You cannot say ‘I said them you had gone’. You cannot use ‘tell’ without the hearer as
the object of the verb. You cannot say ‘I told that you had gone’. You cannot use ‘tell’ with ‘to’ and
the hearer. You cannot say ‘I told to them you had gone’.
6
The reporting verbs that have the hearer as object, such as ‘tell’, can be used in the passive.
She was told that there were no tickets left.
Most reporting verbs that do not need the hearer as object, such as ‘say’, can be used in the
passive with impersonal ‘it’ as subject, but not ‘answer’, ‘complain’, ‘insist’, ‘promise’,
‘reply’, or ‘warn’.
It was said that the money had been stolen.
Other report structures
Main points
 When reporting an order, a request, or a piece of advice, the reported clause is a 'to'-infinitive
clause, used after an object
 When reporting a question, the reported clause is an 'if-clause or a 'wh'-word clause
 Many reporting verbs refer to people's thoughts and feelings
1
If you want to report an order a request or a piece of advice you use a ‘to’-infinitive clause after
a reporting verb such as ‘tell’ ‘ask’ or ‘advise’. You mention the hearer as the object of the verb
before the ‘to’-infinitive clause.
advise
ask
beg
command
forbid
instruct
invite
order
persuade
remind
tell
warn
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Johnson told her to wake him up.
He ordered me to fetch the books.
He asked her to marry him.
He advised me to buy it.
If the order request or advice is negative you put ‘not’ before the ‘to’-infinitive.
He had ordered his officers not to use weapons.
She asked her staff not to discuss it publicly.
Doctors advised him not to play for three weeks.
If the subject of the ‘to’-infinitive clause is the same as the subject of the main verb you can use
‘ask’ or ‘beg’ to report a request without mentioning the hearer.
I asked to see the manager.
Both men begged not to be named.
2
If you want to report a question you use a verb such as ‘ask’ followed by an ‘if’-clause or a
‘wh’-word clause.
I asked if I could stay with them.
They wondered whether the time was right.
He asked me where I was going.
She inquired how Abraham was getting on.
Note that in reported questions the subject of the question comes before the verb just as it does in
affirmative sentences.
3
Many reporting verbs refer to people’s thoughts and feelings but are often used to report what
people say. For example if someone says ‘I must go’ you might report this as ‘She wanted to go’ or
‘She thought she should go’.
Some of these verbs are followed by:

a ‘that’-clause
accept
believe
consider
fear
feel
guess
imagine
know
suppose
think
understand
worry
We both knew that the town was cut off.
I had always believed that I would see him again.

a ‘to’ infinitive clause
intend
plan
want
He doesn’t want to get up.

a ‘that’-clause or a ‘to’-infinitive clause
agree
decide
expect
forget
hope
prefer
regret
remember
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wish
She hoped she wasn’t going to cry.
They are in love and wish to marry.
‘Expect’ and ‘prefer’ can also be followed by an object and a ‘to’-infinitive.
I m sure she doesn’t expect you to take the plane.
The headmaster prefers them to act plays they have written themselves.
4
A speaker's exact words are more often used in stories than in ordinary conversation
‘I knew I’d seen you,’ I said.
‘Only one replied,’ the Englishman.
‘Let’ s go and have a look at the swimming pool,’ she suggested.
In ordinary conversation it is normal to use a report structure rather than to repeat
someone's exact words.
PRACTICE
1
Match the reports with the actual words used.
Example: 1 – h;
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
They said they had to go.
He said he would help if he could.
She promised she would visit us.
He suggested that we should write to the boss.
They insisted we should stay a bit longer.
They complained that they were too busy.
She mentioned that she had met you.
I explained that they should send a letter.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
‘You can’t leave yet. It’s only eleven o’clock.’
‘Well, I’ll do whatever I can for you.’
‘If I were you I would get in touch with the manager.’
‘I bumped into your brother in London yesterday.’
‘It’s no good just telephoning. Put something in writing.’
‘I’ll certainly come and see you some time.’
‘We have far too much work at the moment.’
‘I’m afraid it’s time for us to leave.’
2
Use the appropriate form of these verbs to complete the definitions and examples.
admit announce argue complain deny mention explain inform
1
If you __inform__ someone that something is the case, you tell them about it. EG I
__informed__ her that I was unwell and could not come to her party.
2
If you __________ something, you agree, often reluctantly, that it is true. EG I must
__________ that I had my doubts.
3
When you __________ something, you say that it not true. EG Green __________ that he had
done anything illegal.
4
If you __________ something, you tell people about it publicly or officially. EG It was
__________ that the Prime Minister would speak on television that evening.
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5
If you __________ , you tell someone about a situation affecting you that is wrong or
unsatisfactory. EG He __________ that the office was not ‘businesslike’.
6
If you __________ something, you say it, but do not spend long talking about it. EG I
__________ to Tom that I was thinking of going back to work.
7
If you __________ something, you describe it so that it can be understood. EG He __________
that they had to buy a return ticket.
8
If you __________ that something is the case, you state your opinion about it and give reasons
why you think it is true. EG Some people __________ that nuclear weapons have helped to keep
the peace.
3
Use one of the words given in brackets to complete each of the sentences below.
1
2
3
4
5
I _explained_ to him that he would have to wait. (explained / told)
He __________ me that it was time to go. (mentioned / informed)
She __________ to them that they should reconsider their decision. (suggested / persuaded)
We were __________ that you would pay the bill. (told / said)
It was __________ that there would be another meeting the following week. (informed /
announced)
6 George __________ to me that he might look in to see me. (promised / mentioned)
4
Rewrite the sentences below as orders or requests with a ‘to’-infinitive clause, and the words in
brackets.
Example: ‘Do you think you could look after the children?’ (David / ask / Mary)
David asked Mary to look after the children.
1
2
3
4
5
‘I think you should try to get more sleep.’ (John’s doctor / advise / him)
‘You can come round and see us any time.’ (We / invite / our friends)
‘Will you take the money to the bank, please?’ (Jack / tell / me)
‘Don’t forget to come half an hour early on Tuesday.’ (Mr Brown / remind / the students)
‘Please write to me every day.’ (Bill / beg / Maria)
Now do these with not and ‘to’-infinitive clause.
6
7
8
9
‘You shouldn’t play with fire.’ (I / warn / the children)
‘I don’t think you should go to England in the winter.’ (My grandfather / advise / me)
‘You really ought not to go out alone after dark.’ (They / tell / the visitors)
‘Please don’t make an official complaint.’ (The manger / persuade / her)
5
Now do these sentences with ask and a ‘wh'-word clause.
Example: ‘What time does the match start please?’ (I / a policeman)
I asked a policeman what time the match started.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
‘Where are you going to spend the holiday?’ (Joe / Mary)
‘Why are the tickets so expensive?’ (Everybody / us)
‘How old are Mary’s children?’ (Frank / his wife)
‘Who’s going to buy your house?’ (Mrs Jones / her neighbour)
‘When are you planning to come to Darlington?’ (Bill / his friend)
‘What are you going to do next?’ (I / Maria)
‘Were can I get the bus to Liverpool?’ (Peter / a policeman)
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6
In this exercise you have to write what you would say in these situations.
Example: Ann says ‘I’m tired’. Five minutes later she says ‘Let’s play tennis’. What do you say?
You said you were tired.
1
Your friend says ‘I’m hungry’ so you go to a restaurant. When you get there he says ‘I don’t
want to eat’. What do you say? You said ................................................................................
2
Tom tells you ‘Ann has gone away’. Later that day you meet her. What do you say?
Tom told ...................................................................................................................................
3
George said ‘I don’t smoke’. A few days later you see him smoking a cigarette. What do you say
to him? You said ......................................................................................................................
4
You arranged to meet Jack. He said ‘I won’t be late’. At last he arrives – 20 minutes late. What
do you say? You .......................................................................................................................
5
Sue said ‘I can’t come to the party tonight’. That night you see her at the party. What do you
say to her? ...............................................................................................................................
6
Ann says ‘I’m working tomorrow evening’. Later that day she says ‘Let’s go out tomorrow
evening’. What do you say? .....................................................................................................
7
Now you have to read a sentence and write a new sentence with the same meaning.
Example: ‘Listen carefully’, he said to us. He told us to listen carefully.
‘Eat more fruit and vegetables’, the doctor said.
‘Read the instructions before you switch on the machine’, he said to me.
‘Shut the door but don’t lock it’, she said to us.
‘Can you speak more slowly? I can’t understand’, he said to me.
‘Don’t come before 6 o’clock’, I said to him.
1
2
3
4
5
Unit 7
Conditionals
Conditional clauses using ‘if’
Main points
 You use conditional clauses to talk about a possible situation and its results.
 Conditional clauses can begin with ‘if’.
 A conditional clause needs a main clause to make a complete sentence. The conditional clause
can come before or after the main clause.
1
You use conditional clauses to talk about a situation that might possibly happen and to say
what its results might be.
You use ‘if’ to mention events and situations that happen often, that may happen in the future, that
could have happened in the past but did not happen, or that are unlikely to happen at all.
If the light comes on, the battery is OK.
I'll call you if I need you.
If I had known. I'd have told you.
If she asked me, I'd help her.
2
When you are talking about something that is generally true or happens often, you use a
present or present perfect tense in the main clause and the conditional clause.
If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
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If an advertisement does not tell the truth, the advertiser is committing an offence.
If the baby is crying, it is probably hungry.
If they have lost any money, they report it to me.
W
G
WAAARRRNNNIIINNNG
G:: You do not use the present continuous in both clauses. You do not say ‘If they are
losing money, they are getting angry.’
3 When you use a conditional clause with a present or present perfect tense, you often use an
imperative in the main clause.
Wake me up if you’re worried.
If he has finished, ask him to leave quietly.
If you are very early, don’t expect them to be ready.
4
When you are talking about something which may possibly happen in the future, you use a
present or present perfect tense in the conditional clause, and the simple future in the main
clause
If I marry Celia, we will need the money.
If you are going to America, you will need a visa.
If he has done the windows, he will want his money.
W
G
WAAARRRNNNIIINNNG
G:: You do not normally use ‘will’ in conditional clauses. You do not say ‘If I will see you
tomorrow, I will give you the book.’
5 When you are talking about something that you think is unlikely to happen, you use the
past simple or past continuous in the conditional clause and ‘would’ in the main clause.
If I had enough money, I would buy the car.
If he was coming, he would ring.
W
G
WAAARRRNNNIIINNNG
G:: You do not normally use ‘would’ in conditional clauses. You do not say ‘If I would do
it, I would do it like this.’
6 ‘Were’ is sometimes used instead of ‘was’ in the conditional clause, especially after ‘I’.
If I were as big as you, I would kill you.
If I weren’t so busy, I would do it for you.
You often say ‘If I were you’ when you are giving someone advice.
If I were you, I would take the money.
I should keep out of Brendan's way if I were you.
7 When you are talking about something which could have happened in the past but which
did not actually happen, you use the past perfect in the conditional clause. In the main clause,
you use ‘would have’ and a past participle.
If he had realised that, he would have run away.
I wouldn’t have been so depressed if I had known how common this feeling is.
W
WAAARRRNNNIIINNNGGG:: You do not use ‘would have’ in the conditional clause. You do not say ‘If I would have
seen him, I would have told him.’
PRACTICE
1
Put the verb into the correct form
I
68
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
You (to speak) better if you (to be) more attentive.
If he (to understand) the situation, he (to act) differently.
He (to catch) the train if he (to make haste).
If I (to be) you, I (to consider) the matter settled.
If only he (to be) here, he (can) tell you.
If I (to be) in your place, I (to think) as you do.
He not (to do) it if you not (to help) him.
If he (to be) present, he (may) object.
She (to come) to see you if she not (to be tired).
If I (to get) the tickets before twelve o'clock, I (to come) straight home.
II
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
I think that if we (to take shelter) under these trees, we not (to get wet).
If I (to hesitate) much longer before getting into the water, he not (to let) me swim at all today.
If she (to come) earlier, she (to have been able) to see him before he went out.
He (to go) for a ride with you, if he (to repair) his bicycle.
If a year ago the sailors (to be told) they were to undertake a trip of this sort, they (to be
surprised).
If he (to be) present, this not (to occur).
If the storm not (to rage), the ship (to leave) the harbour last night.
If our telephone not (to be) out of order, I (to ring) you up this morning.
If you (to come) between two and three yesterday, you (to find) me at home.
If I (to have) to carry that heavy box, I (to be) obliged to drop it after five minutes.
I not (to go) to sleep over that book if it not (to be) so dull.
If I (to know) you (to come), I of course (to stay) at home.
If anyone (to say) such a thing to me, I (to feel) hurt.
We never (to solve) the riddle, if you not (to put) us on the track.
2
Open the brackets
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) you.
If I (know) that you were coming I'd have baked a cake.
If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat.
You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) here last week.
I wouldn't have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes.
I (offer) to help him if I had realised that he was ill.
If I (realise) what a bad driver you were I wouldn't have come with you.
If I had realised that the traffic lights were red I (stop).
The hens (not get) into the house if you had shut the door.
If he had known that the river was dangerous lie (not try) to swim across it.
If you (speak) more slowly he might have understood you.
If lie had known the whole story he not be) so angry.
If I (try) again I think that I would have succeeded.
You (not get) into trouble if you had obeyed my instructions.
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15
16
17
18
19
20
If I (be) ready when he called he would have taken me with him.
If she had listened to my directions she (not turn) down the wrong street.
If you (look) at the engine for a moment you would have seen what was missing.
I (take) a taxi if I had realised that it was such a long way.
You (save) me a lot of trouble if you had told me where you were going.
If you (not sneeze) he wouldn't have known that we were there.
II
1
2
3
4
5
If I (see) you in the street yesterday, of course I (say) "Good morning."
I'm sorry I threw the newspaper away. I (not throw) it away if I (know) you had wanted it.
Why didn't you ask me to help you? -Of course I (help) you if you (ask) me to.
I'm sorry I couldn't come to the cinema with you last Friday. - I (come) if I (not be) so busy.
I (not cleave) the office early yesterday if I (not finish) my work.
3
Match these parts to make conditional sentences.
Example: 1 – j
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Dan might help you ...
You are sure to be late ...
You'll enjoy the Jacques Tatty film ...
They always stay out late ...
They'll understand it all right...
I'll give her a call ...
Bill will take a message ...
I'll do the shopping ...
You can't get in ...
You needn't come to the party ...
a ... if they are enjoying themselves.
b ... if I can remember her phone number.
c ... if you miss the bus.
d ... if you don't want to.
e ... if you phone while I'm out.
f ... if you explain it to them.
g ... if I have the time.
h ... if you don't have a ticket.
i ... if you can understand French.
j ... if you ask him.
4
Complete these sentences by putting the verb in brackets in the right tense.
Example: If you …ask… Liz, she will tell you what to do. (ask)
1
2
3
4
He's going to visit some friends in Athens if he ..............................
You shouldn't interrupt them if they ................................................
Maria will get you some money if she ............................................
I'll have a word with Jack if he ........................................................
5
Match these parts to make conditional sentences.
time. (have)
(work)
to the bank. (go)
at home. (be)
Example: 1 – i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
If I had their address ...
If you saw her now ...
If I took more exercise …
If you got a new job …
If you asked Heather …
If I travelled first class …
If it was a little warmer …
a ... it would cost over £650.
b ... you might earn a bit more money.
c ... I could probably stay with Michael.
d ... she must have been out at work.
e ... she would give you a certificate.
f ... she would probably give you a lift.
g ... we could go for a swim.
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8 If she didn't answer the phone …
9 If you went to the doctor …
10 If I stopped off in Ankara …
h ... I might lose a bit of weight.
i ... I could write and ask them.
j ... you would hardly recognise her.
Conditional clauses using modals and 'unless'
Main points
 You can use a modal in a conditional clause.
 You use 'unless' to mention an exception to what you are saying.
1 You sometimes use modals in conditional clauses. In the main clause, you can still use a
present tense for events that happen often, ‘will’ for events that are quite likely in the future,
‘would’ for an event that is unlikely to happen, and ‘would have’ for events that were possible
but did not happen.
If he can’t come, he usually phones me.
If they must have it today, they will have to come back at five o’clock.
If I could only find the time, I’d do it gladly.
If you could have seen him. you would have laughed too.
‘Should’ is sometimes used in conditional clauses to express greater uncertainty.
If any visitors should come, I'll say you aren't here.
2 You can use other modals besides ‘will’, ‘would’ and ‘would have’ in the main clause with
their usual meanings.
She might phone me, if she has time.
You could come. if you wanted to.
If he sees you leaving, he may cry.
Note that you can have modals in both clauses: the main clause and the conditional clause.
If he can't come, he will phone.
3
In formal English, if the first verb in a conditional clause is ‘had’, ‘should’, or ‘were’, you
can put the verb at the beginning of the clause and omit 'if. For example, instead of saying ‘If
he should come. I will tell him you are sick’, it is possible to say ‘Should he come, I will tell
him you are sick’.
Should ministers decide to hold an inquiry, we would welcome it.
Were it all true, it would still not excuse their actions.
Had I known. I would not have done it.
4 When you want to mention an exception to what you are saying, you use a conditional
clause beginning with ‘unless’.
You will fail your exams. You will fail your exams unless you work harder.
Note that you can often use ‘if...not’ instead of ‘unless’.
You will fail your exams if you do not work harder.
When you use ‘unless’, you use the same tenses that you use with ‘if’.
She spends Sundays in the garden unless the weather is awful.
We usually walk, unless we're going shopping.
He will not let you go unless he is forced to do so.
You wouldn't believe it, unless you saw it.
5 ‘If’ and ‘unless’ are not the only ways of beginning conditional clauses. You can also use
‘as long as’, ‘only if’, ‘provided’, ‘provided that’, ‘providing’, ‘providing that’, or ‘so long as’.
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These expressions are all used to indicate that one thing only happens or is true if another
thing happens or is true.
I will come only if nothing is said to the press.
She was prepared to come, provided that she could bring her daughter.
Providing they remained at a safe distance, we would be all right.
Detergent cannot harm a fabric, so long as it has been properly dissolved.
We were all right as long as we kept our heads down.
PRACTICE
1
Rewrite these sentences as conditionals.
Example: I can’t write to her because I don’t have her address.
I could write to her, if I had her address.
1 I’d like to go abroad but I can’t afford it.
2 I’m not going to buy that car because it's so expensive.
3 We can’t go out because it’s raining.
4 She won’t come to the party because she’s away on holiday.
5 The central heating isn't working so we can’t turn it on.
2
Rewrite these sentences as conditionals.
Example: Unfortunately I didn’t see him, so I couldn’t give him your message.
If I had seen him, I could have given him your message.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Unfortunately he didn’t pass his exams or he might have gone to university.
He didn’t realise what was happening or he would have run away.
Fortunately I didn’t hear what she said or I would have been very angry.
They got in because you didn’t lock the door properly.
It only happened because you didn’t follow the instructions.
Luckily she didn’t find out or she would have been furious.
It's lucky we booked a room or we would have had nowhere to stay.
It’s a good job we weren’t going any faster or someone could have been killed.
He was so tired that he went home at lunchtime.
3
Match the two parts of these conditional sentences.
Example: 1 – g
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
You can borrow the money ...
He'll probably get lost. ...
Had I known you were coming. ...
George says he will come, ...
You are not allowed to park in the school,
Should he telephone while I'm out, ...
Henry Ford said you could have any colour you wanted, ...
Fred will be at school next week, …
a ... I would have invited you to lunch.
b ... would you ask him to call back later?
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c ... provided he has recovered from his cold.
d ... unless you are a member of staff.
e ... as long as it was black.
f ... provided he can stay overnight.
g ... so long as you promise to pay it back.
h ... unless someone shows him the way.
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13. ИТОГОВЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬ
В экзамене PET проверяются четыре языковых компонента, проверка которых
осуществляется в трех тестах. Каждый из четырех компонентов составляет 25 процентов
итоговой оценки. Все четыре компонента, входящие в экзамен PET, описаны вкратце в
нижеследующей таблице и более подробно на последующих страницах.
ЧТЕНИЕ
ЧАСТЬ 1. ОПОЗНАВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗНАКИ
Задание: пять вопросов с вариантами ответов на выбор. Цель теста: понимание
опознавательных знаков.
ЧАСТЬ 2. КОРОТКИЕ ТЕКСТЫ, РАССКАЗЫ
Задание: пять описаний, соответствующие восьми текстам.
Цель теста:
проверка подробного
понимания фактов; проверка
зрительного понимания и запоминания.
ЧАСТЬ 3. БОЛЕЕ ДЛИННЫЕ И ФАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕКСТЫ
Задание: десять правильных/неправильных утверждений по текстам,
содержащим фактуальную информацию.
Цель теста: проверка способности запоминания информации.
ЧАСТЬ 4. БОЛЕЕ ДЛИННЫЕ ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ТЕКСТЫ
Задание: пять вопросов с вариантами ответов на выбор по тексту, передающему
мнение или отношение кого-либо к данной информации. Цель теста: понимание полного
значения текста; способности понять отношение автора к высказываемому.
ЧАСТЬ 5. ЗАКРЫТЫЙ ТЕКСТ
В тексте опущены некоторые предложения, которые должны быть вставлены в текст
методом выбора из приведенных примеров. Цель задания: проверка знаний грамматики
и лексики; способностей опознавания простых текстовых знаков.
ПИСЬМО
ЧАСТЬ 1. ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Задание:
пять предложений, включающих в себя некоторые
грамматические структуры.
Цель теста: проверка знания грамматических структур.
ЧАСТЬ 2. ЗАПОЛНЕНИЕ ФОРМ (БЛАНКОВ)
Десять колонок должны быть заполнены соответствующими формами. Цель теста: проверка
способностей написания кратких ответов в пределах данного задания.
ЧАСТЬ 3. ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОЕ ПИСЬМО
Задание: Написание неофициального письма, которое должно состоять не меньше чем из 100
слов.
Цель теста: проверка способностей достижения определенной задачи, лингвистической
компетенции и умения находить ошибки.
74
АУДИРОВАНИЕ
ЧАСТЬ 1. ПРОСЛУШИВАНИЕ КОРОТКИХ ТЕКСТОВ
Задание: на прослушивание дается некоторое число, точнее, семь кратких записей, которые
относятся к одной из четырех данных иллюстраций; заданию предшествуют краткие
вопросы по теме.
Цель теста: проверка понимания иноязычной речи в рамках изученных тем, в
монологической и диалогической форме.
ЧАСТЬ 2. МОНОЛОГ
Задание: даны шесть вопросов с вариантами ответов на выбор. Фокусирование теста:
распознавание специфической информации и фактов.
ЧАСТЬ 3. МОНОЛОГ
Задание: заполнение таблицы правильными вариантами ответов, т.е.
словами или краткими фразами.
Фокусирование теста: Распознавание ценной информации и краткая запись
некоторых фактов.
ЧАСТЬ 4. НЕФОРМАЛЬНЫЙ РАЗГОВОР
Задание: шесть правильных/ неправильных вопросов.
Фокусирование теста; Понимание фактов как в широком, так и в узком смысле, значении;
распознавание отношений, чувств и мнений по отношению к данной информации.
ГОВОРЕНИЕ
ЧАСТЬ 1. ПЕРСОНАЛЬНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ
В эту часть задания входит: представление, наводящие вопросы, ответы на вопросы и
краткий разговор между участниками диалога.
ЧАСТЬ 2. ИМИТИРОВАННАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ
Вторая часть задания включает в себя имитированную ситуацию с опорой на наглядность.
ЧАСТЬ 3. ДИСКУССИЯ
Третья часть задания включает в себя диалог с партнером на
визуальной основе.
Формы контроля
1. Текущий контроль
1. Фонетический диктант (устной и письменной форме)
2. Словарный диктант
3. Спеллинговый диктант
4. Контроль техники чтения
5. Лексический тест
6. Грамматический тест
7. Заполнение бланков, заявлений различных видов.
8. Написание резюме,
официального,
неофициального
сообщения.
9. Написание эссе на заданную тему.
10.Написание изложения по прослушанному (reproduction)
1 1.Представление себя, партнера.
12.Сообщение по заданной теме.
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письма, объявлений,
13. Беседа на визуальной основе
14.Передача прослушанного и прочитанного в устной форме с выражением
личного отношения и с критическим осмыслением.
15.Составление диалога по заданной ситуации
с партнером/ . преподавателем
в подготовленной/ спонтанной форме.
16.Представление ролевых игр.
17.Представление проектов
2. Рубежный контроль
1. Спеллинговый диктант.
2. Лексический тест.
3. Грамматический тест.
4. Аудирование (1-3 вида контроля понимания)
5. Чтение (1-3 вида контроля понимания)
6. Письмо/эссе на заданную тему.
7. Говорение.
1) диалог с партнером/ преподавателем по заданной ситуации/ по тематической
картине.
2) описание на визуальной основе с выражением личного отношения.
3) высказывание в монологической форме по заданному вопросу/
проблеме.
76
14. Form of the control
The current control
1. Phonetic dictation
2. Dictionary dictation
3. Writing a dictation
4. Control of engineering of reading
5. Lexical test
6. Grammatic test
7. Filling the questionnaire
8. Spelling of the official, informal letter, message.
9. Spelling of an essay on the given subject.
10. Spelling of a statement on heard.
11. Performance itself, partner.
12. Oral message on the given subject.
13. Conversation on a visual basis.
14. Drawing up of dialogue on the given situation with the partner in the prepared and
spontaneous form.
15. Performance of role games.
16. Performance of the projects.
Supervising the control
1. Writing a dictation.
2. Grammatic test
3. Lexical test
4. Auding
5. Reading.
6. Letter / essay on the given subject.
7. Tests
Dialogue with the partner on the given situation / on a thematic picture;
The description on a visual basis with expression of the personal attitude(relation);
The statement in the monologic form on the given question.
The control of knowledge of the students
The control of knowledge of the student on discipline is carried out in the form:
· of the current control (will be carried out(spent) weekly);
· Supervision of the control (7 and 15 weeks);
· of the final control - will be carried out(spent) once at the end of the academic period
(examination), according to plan of a speciality.
The current control is a regular check of knowledge training, spent within the framework of
lecture, practical, laboratory employment(occupations) and independent work training under the
direction of the teacher.
At study of discipline the various kinds of the current control of knowledge of the trainees can
be stipulated:
· oral interrogation;
· written interrogation;
· protection and presentation of the home tasks (essay);
· discussion, trainings, round tables, disputes;
· the tests;
Supervision the control of knowledge of the trainees will be carried out(spent) according to
the authorized diagram on 7-th (B1) and 15 (B1 advanced) weeks during the academic period.
The rating on discipline is exposed in percentage till 100 % to a scale
77
Критерии и параметры оценок умений и навыков студентов
Рубежный и итоговый контроль состоит из письменной и устной части.
В письменной части проверяется сформированность навыков аудирования, чтения и письма.
В устной части проверяется сформированность навыков диалогической и монологической
речи студентов.
Письменная часть состоит из двух разделов.
РАЗДЕЛ 1.
ЧТЕНИЕ И ПИСЬМО 1час ЗОминут
В разделе Чтение и Письмо пять частей содержат задания для контроля сформированности
у студента умений чтения и три части - для контроля письменных умений студента. Всего 35
вопросов в задании на чтение и 16 вопросов для проверки сформированности навыков
письма.
ЧТЕНИЕ.
Часть
Тип текста
Цель
Задание
1
Знаки, объявления,
этикетки и другие очень
короткие тексты,
которые можно
встретить на дорогах, на
железнодорожных
станциях, в аэропортах,
магазинах, на упаковках
продуктов и различных
или в школах,
ресторанах, офисах и
Короткие описания 5
человек и набор из 8
фактуальных текстов
объединенных общей
темой, например,
отрывки из туристских
брошюр, обзоров книг.
Описание товаров.
Фактуальный текст,
например, публичное
объявление, лифлет с
советами, информация
для потребителя,
объявление, отрывок из
брошюры и т.д.
Текст, который содержит
отношение или мнение
наряду с фактуальной
информацией, например,
газетная статья, обзор,
письмо и т.д.
Чтение с целью
нахождения
основной идеи и
некоторых деталей.
5 вопросов,
каждый с 4
вариантами
ответа.
Чтение с целью
детального
понимания
Сопоставление 5
каждого из 5
описаний людей
и их нужд с
одним из 8
текстов
Чтения с целью
нахождения
определенной
информации.
] 0 вопросов
10
«верно/неверно»
Чтение с целью
понимания
основной идеи и
отношения или
мнения автора
Чтение с целью
5 вопросов,
каждый с 4
вариантами
ответа.
2
3
4
78
балл
ы
5
5
Фактуальный или
повествовательный
текст, например,
газетный репортаж или
журнальная статья с
пробелами.
глобального и
детального
понимания.
Чтение на
глобальное и
детальное
понимание
Определение
подходящей
лексики и
грамматической
структуры
10 закрытых
вопросов,
каждый 4
вариантами
ответа.
10
Тип текста варьируется в зависимости от цели, на которую ориентировано задание в каждой
части. Тексты аутентичны, но могут быть частично каптированы, чтобы охватить
лексический и грамматический материал в рамках определенного уровня обученности
студента. Тексты могут одержать незнакомую для студентов данного уровня лексику или
грамматические явления, о значении которых они могут догадаться о значении слова по
контексту, при этом понимание не обязательно для выполнения задания.
Часть1. Студентам предлагаются объявления, знаки или этикетки, содержащие короткие
тексты. Тестовое задание множественного выбора проверяет уровень понимания каждого
текста. Студенты должны догадаться о цели объявления и понять его значение, без
необходимости понимать каждое отдельно взятое слово. .
Часть 2. Проверяется детальное понимание фактуального материала, студенты читают
короткие описания пяти людей и их потребности и должны сопоставить каждого человека с
одним из фактуальных текстов которые обычно дают информацию об общественных местах,
продуктах, службах быта, развлечениях и т.д. Три из предлагаемых текстов либо не подходят
вообще, либо подходят частично.
Часть 3. Проверяется способность обучаемого просматривать довольно большой по объему
текст (около 400 слов) с целью поиска определенной информации с ответами
«верно/неверно»на десять вопросов. Текст одержит избыточную информацию и
определенный процент незнакомой 1ексики. При этом студентам не требуется понимать
данную лексику, чтобы ответить на вопросы и , не останавливаясь на незнакомых словах, IM
следует продолжить чтение и сконцентрировать внимание на нахождение необходимой
информации.
Часть 4. Текст, состоящий из приблизительно 200 слов, помимо фактологического
материала содержит отношение к нему автора. Студенты должны внимательно прочесть
текст, чтобы ответить на вопросы множественного выбора для проверки понимания идеи
автора и :го отношения, выраженных в тексте , а также текста в целом.
Часть 5. Студенты читают короткий текст с десятью пронумерованными пробелами. В конце
текста находятся вопросы множественного выбора для заполнения каждого пробела. Обычно
текст является отрывком из газетной или журнальной статьи и вопросы организованы таким
образом, чтобы проверить как лексический, так и грамматический материал. Для ответа на
вопросы необходимо прочесть весь текст, а также предложение полностью для выбора
единственного верного варианта ответа.
Оценка. 35 баллов за этот вид работы делятся таким образом, чтобы получить 25 баллов, т.е.
25% от общей оценки всего теста.
ПИСЬМО.
79
Часть Цель
1
Трансформация
предложения
2
Заполнение анкеты,
формы
3
Написание личного
письма
Задание
5 предложений
Баллы
10 вопросов
письмо около 100
слов
Часть1. Задание на трансформацию "грамматических структур. Студентам предлагаются
предложения, которые необходимо переписать, используя иную грамматическую структуру,.
но таким образом, чтобы смысл предложения оставался прежним. В начале задания
студентам предлагается образец, следуя которому им необходимо продолжить его
выполнение. В некоторых слу.чаях возможно использование более одного правильного
варианта ответа. Всего пять предложений и одно предложение в качестве образца относятся
к одной речевой тематике.
Часть 2. Задание на заполнение анкеты, состоящей из 10 вопросов.
Часть 3. В этой части студентам необходимо написать личное письмо в объеме 100 слов.
Оно должно соответствовать нормативным требованиям (инструкциям) и содержать
собственные мысли студентов. При этом предполагается, что студенты умеют олфрмлять
начало письма.
Оценка. Письменные части 1 и 2 оцениваются в 1 балл, письменная же часть 3 - в 10 баллов
(см. ниже) (Далее происходит та же процедура, что и в разделе Чтение, т.е. баллы делятся
таким образом, чтобы получить 25 баллов, т.е. 25% от общей оценки всего теста).
ОЦЕНИВАНИЕ 3 ЧАСТИ (НАПИСАНИЕ ЛИЧНОГО ПИСЬМА)
Студенты пишут личное письмо, отличающееся неофициальным стилем и включающее
три элемента, указанных в инструкции. Баллы выставляются за: правильное использование
грамматического материала, реализацию коммуникативного намерения, соответствия
языковых средств заданному стилю речи, соблюдение правил написания письма,
грамматическую корректность, лексическую насыщенность. При этом оценка снижается,
если объем письма не соответствует требованиям.
Личное письмо студента оценивается по двум различным шкалам, по одной из которых
оценивается успешное выполнение первых 4х из указанных выше критериев, по другой адекватное целям использование языкового материала 2 последних критерия. Каждая из
указанных шкал оценивается в 5 баллов.
80
Далее приводится шкала оценивания личного письма.
Баллы Выполнение задания
Использование языкового
5
Выполнение задания на
материала
"отлично" включает весь объем
содержания. Связное письмо, не
требующее
от читателя
никаких усилий для понимания .
4
3
2
Выполнение задания на
"хорошо" включает
отражение
' элементов содержания с
некоторыми дополнениями. Иногда
могут иметь место повторения или
отклонения, хотя письмо в
целом связно
и
требует
от
читателя минимальных усилий для
понимания.
Выполнение
Задания
на "удовлетворительно".
Упрощенное содержание, имеются
повторения. Один элемент
содержания
отсутствует,
имеются некоторые повторения
или отклонения от задания. Письмо
довольно связное, хотя требует
от читателя определенных усилий
для понимания.
Попытка выполнить задание,
возможно не понимание задания
студентом. Два элемента
содержания отсутствуют, или не
относятся к заданию. Требует
усилий от читателя для
понимания. Задание может быть
не завершено.
Общая языковая корректность
письма. Связное соединение
предложений с
использованием простых
соединительных слов. Богатый
язык, отличающийся сложными
предложения
и
различными грамматическими
структурами
и
лексической насыщенностью.
Возможны незначительные
языковые ошибки, не
препятствующие пониманию..
Речь
лексически
насыщена,
т.е.
показывает употребление
различных структур и
лексических единиц.
Возможны незначительные
ошибки, не препятствующие
пониманию, или язык письма
не выражает мнение студента.
Нет ошибок.
Не всегда наблюдается связность
предложений. Речь упрощенная,
т.е. в основном употребляются
простые предложения.
Имеется определенное
количество ошибок , например,
в употреблении грамм этических
структур,
времен,
артиклей,
предлогах,
орфографические ошибки, но
они не препятствуют
пониманию.
• Трудно понять , например из-за
частых грамматических ошибок,
орфографических ошибок, или
построения предложений. Язык
письма простой/ ограниченный/
повторяющийся.
Большое
количество языковых ошибок.
Значительное отсутствие
81
пунктуации, которое ведет к
несвязности предложений.
1
Слабая
попытка
выполнить задание. Письмо
слишком короткое или очень не
связное, не раскрывает тему.
0
Студенты не поняли и не
правильно выполнили задание.
Содержание письма не имеет
никакого отношения к цели
письма.
Трудно понять, например, из-за
частых грамматических ошибок,
ошибок в правописании слов, или
простое построение
предложений.
Полное
отсутствие пунктуации, ведущее
к
значительной несвязности
содержания письма.
Язык письма невозможно понять.
РАЗДЕЛ 2.
АУДИРОВАНИЕ около 30 минут плюс 12 минут для переписывания
Раздел Аудирование состоит из четырех частей. Общее количество вопросов 25.
Тексты на аудирование записаны на кассету и каждый текст прослушивается дважды.
Скорость записи приближена к замедленному темпу нормальной речи, между заданиями
делаются паузы, чтобы студенты могли проверить свои ответы. Инструкции, данные в тесте,
дублируются в записи. Студенты записывают ответы во время прослушивания, затем им
дается 12 минут, чтобы переписать их на лист ответов.
Часть
2
3
Тип записи
7 отдельных коротких
диалога
или
монолога с
нейтральным или
неофициальным
контекстом
Полуформальные
или подготовленные
монологи, например,
радио репортаж,
сообщение,
содержащее факты,
записанное сообщение
на автоответчике и т.п.
Полуформальные
или
подготовленные
Цель
Аудирование
с
цель детального
понимания выделения
специфической
информации
Задание
Баллы
7
вопросов 7
с картинками,
каждый
с
4 вариантами
ответа
Аудирование
с
целью
детального
понимания
и
различения
между
главной
и
второстепенной
информацией
Аудирование
с
цель
выделения
6
вопросов,
каждый с
4 вариантами
ответа
82
6
6 пропусков
б
для заполнения
4
монологи, например,
радио
репортаж,
рассказ, записанное
сообщение
на авто-ответчике и т.п.
Диалог
специфической
информации
Аудирование и
запись информации
одновременно
Аудирование
с
целью глобального и
детального понимания
Аудирование
с
целью определения
отношений и чувств
говорящего
6
6
вопросов
«верно/неверно
» или
«да/нет»
Часть1. Студенты прослушивают 7 коротких монологов и диалогов, каждый из которых
сопровождается вопросом и четырьмя рисунками и должны поставить галочку под
картинкой, которая отвечает на вопрос.
Часть 2. Содержит информацию, которая может понадобиться студентам, например,
информация о путешествии, погоде, времени открытия чего-то, и т.д. Студенты должны
ответить на шесть вопросов, которые проверяют детальное понимание прослушанного.
Часть 3. Содержит информацию, которая может быть интересна студентам, например,
новости или передача о текущих событиях, простой рассказ, рассказывающий о событии или
относящийся к будущим событиям, планы или программы. В этой части содержится больше
избыточной информации, чем в Части 2. Студенты должны выделить определенную
информацию для заполнения шести пропусков в анкете или заметке, что требует от них
записывать одно, два, три слова, иногда цифры, факты.
Часть 4. Студенты прослушивают диалог двух людей, в котором они выражают свое мнение,
согласие или несогласие, и т.д., в той же мере, в какой обмениваются информацией.
Студенты должны ответить на шесть вопросов «верно/неверно» или «да/нет», что проверяет
их понимание мнений и отношений коммуникантов, и т.д., также как и понимание основной
идеи диалога.
Оценка. Дается по одному баллу за каждый правильный ответ, составляя в целом 25 баллов,
т.е. 25% от общей оценки всего теста.
УСТНАЯ ЧАСТЬ.
ГОВОРЕНИЕ длительность около 10-12 минут
Проверка умений и навыков говорения (диалогической и монологической речи) состоит из 4
частей.
Часть 1. На этом этапе студенты обмениваются информацией о себе, своей семье, своем
доме, интересах, учебе, и т.д., которая соответствует встрече людей в первый раз (2-3
минуты).
Часть
2.
Два
студента
обсуждают
ситуацию,
83
предложенную
преподавателем, согласно которой они должны высказать свое мнение, сделать предложение,
обсудить альтернативы, выразить отношение и предпочтение и т.д (2-3 минуты).
Часть 3. В устной части ситуация - является темой обсуждения разговора двух студентов.
Студенты должны самостоятельно вести разговор и выразить свое отношение к теме, что им
в предмете нравится или не нравится (3 минуты).
ОЦЕНИВАНИЕ УСТНОЙ ЧАСТИ.
В устной части рубежного и итогового контроля оценивают сформированность у
студентов коммуникативных умений и языковых навыков, их умение вести разговор.
Ожидается, что студенты умеют взаимодействовать, развивать .разговор и реагировать на
задания.
Если студенты не понимают. вопроса или указаний, они просят повторить или пояснить
и получают дополнительные баллы за использованную стратегию. Студенты также получают
дополнительные баллы за умение перефразировать.
При оценке учитываются объем речи, лексическая насыщенность, языковая
правильность речи, обращенность, эмоциональная окрашенность, логическая
последовательность, реактивность.
1. Объем речи (10-12 фраз инициативной речи) - 5
2. лексическая насыщенность - 5
3. Языковая правильность - 5
4. Логическая последовательность - 5
5. Обращенность, реактивность - 5
6. Эмоциональная окрашенность - 5.
Всего - 30 баллов.
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