Download Chapter 16

Chapter 16- solids
Mr. Bennett
Name__________________
Chemistry
Define the following terms, in your own words. They are all in bold print in chapter 16.
1.
Simple cubic
2. Body-center cubic
3. Face-centered cubic
4. Space lattice
5. Hexagonal closest packing
6. Cubic closest packing
7. Hydrated crystals
8. Anhydrous
9. Hygroscopic
10. Deliquescent
11. Amorphous
12. Viscosity
Answer the following questions from chapter 16, starting on page 396:
1.
What did Nicolaus Sterno study?
2. Explain his observations.
3. All true solids are crystalline. Explain.
4. How can we explain exceptions to the statement in #3?
5. Define crystal.
6. What determines the properties of a crystal?
7. What is a unit cell?
8. List the 7 crystal systems.
9. How many immediate neighbors are in …simple cubic? …bcc? …fcc?
10. What is a space lattice?
11. What is the unit cell in a sodium chloride crystal?
12. What determines the crystal structure in an ionic crystal?
13. Why is the unit cell different in NaCl and CsCl?
14. What is the difference between hexagonal closest packing and cubic closest
packing?
15. Iron changes its structure as it is heated from normal temperatures to high
temperatures. Why is this of great importance?
16. What are the two crystal forms of carbon?
17. What is the difference in bonding between the two forms of carbon?
18. Look up the definition of a van der Waals force.
19. Most molecular compounds (all non-metals) have low melting points. How can you
explain the high melting point of a few molecular compounds like diamonds (just
carbon) or silicon carbide (carbon and silicon together)?
20. What is a network crystal?
21. What causes a macromolecule to have a high melting point?
22. Copy the chart on page 405, Characteristics of a Crystal.
23. Define isomorphous. What property dictates whether two crystals will be
isomorphous?
24. Define polymorphous. What two properties can affect a crystal’s formation?
25. Skip pages 407 – 409.
26. Page 410, read Space and Defense Spin-offs. Answer # 27 and # 28.
27. What is an ablative material?
28. Name two of the “spin-offs” mentioned in the article and explain how and why they
became “mainstreamed”.
29. From the article Everyday Chemistry…What is a desiccant? Why are they
necessary?
30. Page 414  Why is glass a good example of an amorphous material?
Answer the following review and practice questions from pages 416 and 417:
15.
18.
20.
21.
22.
34.